Impact Of Foreign Trade Research Articles

Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Models to Investigate the Impact of Foreign Trade on Economic Growth in Sudan

Foreign commerce is the term for the exchange of goods and services between nations, and it is subject to a wide range of laws, rules, and agreements. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the link between Sudan's economic growth, imports, and exports from 2005 to 2022. Based on a descriptive, analytical, and econometrics methodology, the study estimated the relationship between the study variables using a nonlinear autoregressive model (NARDL). The study's conclusions indicate that, during the study period, exports had a short-term negative influence on the rate of growth in the economy but a positive long-term impact. Additionally, imports have a short-term favorable effect on economic growth rates but a long-term negative one.

Impact Factors of Industrial Pollution and Carbon Reduction under the “Dual Carbon” Target: A Case Study of Urban Aggregation in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta

China is facing pressure to reduce carbon emissions and control pollution. Promoting the synergy between pollution reduction and carbon reduction has become an inevitable choice to achieve the construction of a beautiful China and meet the dual carbon target. This study examines the main factors influencing industrial pollution and carbon reduction in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomerations based on data on industrial CO2 and local air pollutants (LAP) from 2002 to 2021, using the random forest regression model. The results indicate that (1) industrial CO2 emissions have increased overall, while intensity has decreased. Additionally, both industrial LAP emissions and intensity have decreased. (2) The main factor influencing industrial CO2 and LAP emissions is the proportion of industrial value added above the scale. Additionally, the proportion of R&D internal expenditure in GDP and total trade imports and exports are the main influencing factors of industrial CO2 emissions. The industrial fume and dust removal rate mainly affects industrial LAP emissions. (3) There is a clear non-linear relationship between industrial CO2- and LAP-influencing factors and emissions, which can be attributed to the scale effect factor, the lagging effect of R&D expenditure, and the inappropriate treatment of the “three wastes” by relevant departments that is non-linear. The urban agglomerations of PRD and YRD should prioritize the reduction of carbon emissions, upgrading and transforming their industrial structures, promoting the impact of foreign trade on pollution and carbon reduction, and achieving a balance between sustainable economic development and environmental protection.

Impact of foreign trade and foreign direct investment on economic growth: Empirical insights from Nepal

This study aims to examine the impact of foreign trade and foreign direct investment on Nepal’s long-term economic growth. It uses secondary data from 1989/90 to 2021/22 collected from various economic surveys of the Ministry of Finance of Nepal. Descriptive and explanatory research designs are used in this study. The trace, max-eigen tests, and fully modified least square methods search the long-run co-integration and impact between response and predictor variables. Trace and max-eigen tests consistently point toward the long-run co-integration between dependent (gross domestic product) and independent (import, export, total trade, and foreign direct investment) variables. Exports and imports are found to be negative and statistically significant to explain Nepal’s economic growth. One unit increase in exports results in a 0.748 unit decrease in Nepal’s economic growth. Similarly, total trade volume and foreign direct investment positively impact economic growth. Each unit increase in foreign direct investment results in a 0.0036 unit increase in GDP in Nepal. Foreign trade has a multiplier effect on Nepal’s GDP growth. The 76.35 percent variation in economic growth depends upon total foreign trade volume, exports, imports, and foreign direct investment. To promote sustainable economic growth, policymakers should prioritize policies encouraging increased total foreign trade and foreign direct investment while carefully managing the potential negative impact of excessive reliance on import dynamics.

Empirical Analysis of The Growth Effects of International Trade in Nigeria

This role of foreign trade in driving growth in the domestic economy and boosting the potential of a country to foreign exchange earnings has remained a subject of interest in economic literature, thus provoking investigation into the claim that international trade is growth-enhancing. This study centred on the impact of foreign trade on economic growth. The specific objectives of this study are to explore the effects of net export, exchange rate and government capital expenditure on economic growth. This study covered a period of 35 years (1980-2015) and the source of data for the variables is the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The error correction model (ECM) was utilized as a technique for data analysis. The Phillips-Perron unit root test shows that the variables are stationary upon first differencing. Thus, the series are integrated of order zero. The Johansen cointegration test result indicates that the variables are cointegrated. Therefore, this reveals that the variables have a long-run relationship. The cointegrating regression result shows that net export has a significant positive impact on economic growth. The exchange rate on the other hand is found to significantly and negatively influence economic growth. The long-run impact of government capital expenditure on economic growth is negative and insignificant. The Wald test for coefficient restrictions shows that net export, exchange rate and government capital expenditure are statistically significant in explaining changes in economic growth. Based on the findings, it is recommended that government should adopt trade policies that promote export and reduce the incidence of importing competing goods to ensure that Nigeria optimizes the benefits that foreign trade creates.

The Impact of Foreign Trade on Employment and Regional Differences: An Empirical Study Based on EU and UK Panel Data

The Impact of Foreign Trade on Employment and Regional Differences: An Empirical Study Based on EU and UK Panel Data

The impact of foreign trade on achieving economic growth in Iraq for the period from (2008-2023).

The impact of foreign trade on achieving economic growth in Iraq for the period from (2008-2023).

The essential role of international trade on economic growth

Purpose- One of the most fundamental elements of the world economy is international trade. International trade is important in terms of supporting the development and economic growth of countries. In this context, the most important goal of countries is to increase their exports and reduce their imports. However, the impact of foreign trade on economic growth may vary in the short and long run. In addition, determining the quantitative effects of these variables on each other may be important for the development of national economies. Methodology- In line with these objectives, in this study, growth, export and import figures of G-20 countries for the last 25 years are taken. Co-integration tests are used to examine the long-run relationship between the variables. In addition, Wald Tests were used to investigate the short-run relationship. The mutual causality relations of the variables were analyzed with causality tests. Findings- According to the findings of the study, the effect of exports and imports on economic growth has been proven. With these results, it is clearly stated by co-integration tests that the export and import development of countries can support their economic growth in the long run. Moreover, in the short run, there is a bi-directional causality relationship between exports and economic growth and between imports and economic growth. Conclusion- The relationship between economic growth and foreign trade is multifaceted and affected by many factors. However, the importance of foreign trade for the national economy is seen in the short and long run. Keywords: Economic growth, foreign trade, exports, imports, GDP, co-integration. JEL Codes: B17, F40, F63

A Study on Impact of Foreign Trade on the Economic Growth of India

This research paper examines the impact of foreign trade on the economic growth of India. It analyzes the relationship between international trade, including both exports and imports, and various economic indicators such as GDP growth, employment, investment, and productivity. By studying the trends in India's foreign trade, exploring the theoretical underpinnings, and analyzing empirical evidence, this research aims to provide insights into the significance of foreign trade for India's economic development.

Under the Framework of a Green Economy: A Study on the Prospects of China's International Trade Development

China has made significant progress in green economic development, but it also faces challenges such as green trade. This study provides an overall analysis of the development pattern of green trade in eastern, central, and western China. It then focuses on the eastern region, using specific foreign trade data from the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai areas to analyze the impact of foreign trade on the efficiency of the green economy. The study aims to explore the prospects of China's international trade development in the context of a green economy. The research reveals that China has made positive strides in both import and export trade and environmental protection. However, there is still a need to enhance trade balance, promote trade development in central and western regions, and strengthen environmental management and regulation by businesses in terms of ecological benefits.

The Impact of Foreign Trade in the Graduation Process of Asian Least-Developed Countries (LDCs)

AbstractThe importance of development studies comes from the need to assess and solve economic problems. Graduation from LDC status represents an important milestone in their development path. This research tries to deepen on the relationship between the fulfillment of the “graduation criteria” established by the United Nations and the evolution of the foreign trade indices of a group of Asian LDCs about to graduate (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Laos, Timor-Leste, Nepal, and Myanmar), checking how trade, one of its engines for economic development, has involved during the last years and, specifically, on their way to graduation. First, the characteristics of the LDCs and the criteria to exclude them from the list are analyzed. Second, a set of indices are presented to find out the trade flows throughout the period observed. Finally, conclusions and future lines of research are proposed. The results show that all the countries studied have succeeded in expanding their share in world trade. The high participation of Bangladesh is justified by the size of its economy and its weight within the textile trade. Regarding diversification, all of countries present a highly concentrated pattern of exports and their exchanges are carried out with few countries. This lack of trade diversification places them in a vulnerable position. The relative trade balance index indicates that all of them are competitive with their trading partners in the products analyzed and the six have comparative advantage. To conclude, the analysis confirms that the trade structure of the LDCs considered has improved, but with differences due to their characteristics.

IMPACT OF FOREIGN TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDIA IN THE POST REFORM PERIOD: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

Foreign trade plays an important role in the economic development of a nation. It is called engine of growth. It signifies trade between one country and other countries. Until 1991, India’s development strategy was mainly import substitution and self-reliance oriented. India has moved from a protectionist policy toward trade liberalization since 1991. The importance of foreign trade has increased in India due to liberalization, privatization and globalization, known as LPG reforms of 1991. These policies opened the Indian economy for foreign trade. During the reform period, Indias GDP has substantially increased. Today, India is one of the fasted growing economies in the world. Both exports and imports have also increased substantially in the post reform period in India. However, exports are lower than imports in India implying that Indias trade balance remains negative in the post liberalization period. This may be due to the fact that India is one of the largest importers of crude oil. The present paper examines the impact of foreign trade on India’s economic growth by applying regression. The study reveals that exports have significant positive impact on economic growth in India. KEY-WORD: Foreign trade, Export, Import, Regression, Economic growth

"the Impact of Foreign Trade on The Numerous of Economic Sectors in Iraq for The Period (2003–2021)"

"the Impact of Foreign Trade on The Numerous of Economic Sectors in Iraq for The Period (2003–2021)"

Study on Whether International Trade Has Increased the Inequality in China's Domestic Income Distribution

Inequality in income distribution is a major problem faced in China's and even global development, and has traditionally attracted much academic attention. How to reduce the income distribution gap and achieve common prosperity has also been an important concern of the government for a long time. Meanwhile, foreign trade plays a pivotal role in China's economic development, and along with the changes in the external trade environment and internal economic policies, the country is witnessing a new situation of full openness in all regions. Based on the above background, this paper investigates whether there is an impact of foreign trade on China's income distribution. The empirical results show that foreign trade has increased the income distribution inequality in China, and the impact of export trade on intra-regional income inequality is greater than that of import trade on intra-regional income inequality; the impact of export trade on income inequality in coastal cities is greater than that in inland cities, when viewed by coastal and inland. Finally, based on the empirical results, this paper puts forward three suggestions on narrowing the inequality of domestic income distribution: reasonable guidance of foreign investment, optimization of industrial structure, and increasing the cultivation of talents.

Studying the Impact of Foreign Trade on Economic Growth of Afghanistan during 2003-2021

In this research, the effects of import and export in foreign trade on the economic growth of Afghanistan during the years 2003 to 2021 have been studied. The import and export data were used from official reports of the Ministry of Trade and Industry Afghanistan, and the information related to economic growth was obtained from the World Bank website. The methodology is a multivariate regression model, which is used to estimate the parameters of the model by Ordinary Least Squares methods which were impossible; the problem of their unit root was solved by difference. Results show that there is no significant relationship between Afghanistan's economic growth and foreign trade, and the reason for the lack of correlation between the variables of foreign trade and economic growth may be the low volume of imports and exports of the Afghanistan economy, and on the other hand, economic growth of Afghanistan have the high dependence of foreign aids in the last 18 years.

Intensive and Extensive Margins of Export: Determinants of Economic Growth in Russian Regions under Sanctions

The impact of foreign trade on the Russian economy’s growth remains debatable. In 2014, the economy faced initial sanctions, leading to export restructuring and affecting growth. In 2022, a second unprecedented wave of sanctions necessitated export restructuring and intensified the challenge of sourcing economic growth. This study evaluates the impact of intensive and extensive export margins on Russian regions’ growth from 2015 to 2021 and discusses post-2022 implications. It is hypothesised that new export goods and markets are vital for economic growth in Russian regions. The study shows that both intensive and extensive margins are positively related to the level of development in Russian regions, and developed regions with diversified economic structures had higher values of export margins. The methodology uses panel regression with random and fixed effects. The empirical results show Russian regions’ market share in the products they export and in the countries where they export (i. e. intensive product and geographic margin) is important for the economic growth of Russian regions, while the results for extensive margin are ambiguous. The obtained findings have implications for industrial policy, which should prioritise the development of measures aimed at supporting existing exporting companies in expanding their presence in familiar markets. The task of export diversification should primarily be addressed through working with existing exporters and export products, while the export of innovative products should be viewed as a gradual evolutionary process within the framework of long-term planning.

The impact of foreign trade on the competitive environment

The impact of foreign trade on the competitive environment

Analysis of the Impact of Foreign Trade and Foreign Direct Investment on Kazakhstan’s Economic Growth

Identification of relationships between macroeconomic indicators is essential in economic growth. Because in order to create effective economic solutions in a market economy, it is necessary to be able to evaluate them using mathematical statistics and other applied mathematical methods. As a result of the literature review, various points of view on the relationship between macroeconomic indicators showed the absence of a single general opinion in the literature. The article conducted a study to identify the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and applied the methods of correlation and regression analysis to identify quantitative relationships between indicators. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between economic indicators and assess the impact of foreign trade and foreign direct investment on the gross domestic product of Kazakhstan. In the course of the study, the relationship between exports, imports, foreign trade and foreign direct investment and gross domestic product was determined by the correlation method, and to determine the relationship of these economic indicators with the gross domestic product, the multivariate regression method was used. As a result of the study, it was found that exports affect the change in the gross domestic product of Kazakhstan at a higher level than the indicators of foreign trade and imports, foreign direct investment has a negative impact on the gross domestic product. The result of the regression analysis on the ratio of exports, imports, foreign trade, and foreign direct investment to gross domestic product was 0.96%. This shows the practical significance of the formed regression model.

Disaggregated Impact Analysis of Trade on Growth: The Role of Financial Openness in Nigeria

This paper decomposes and estimates the impact of foreign trade on economic growth and evaluates the relevance of financial openness in the relationship in Nigeria using annual time series data between 1987 and 2020. The key findings of the paper are that although trade positively drives economic growth, the effect is due largely to the contribution of the non-oil export component in the long run and short run. This, however, does not rule out the fact that non-oil import over the long run and short run or the overall value of import in the long run lead to a high economic growth in the economy provided higher degree of financial openness is tolerated. In that, subject to broadening the scope of financial openness, Nigeria’s participation in international trade will result in rapid economic growth both in the long run and short run.

The Impact of Foreign Trade on Health Inequality in China: Evidence From China Family Panel Studies (CFPS).

Objectives: To assess the health inequality caused by foreign trade in China using individual self-rated health data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Methods: The GMM model was used to explore the direct and indirect effects of foreign trade on health level, and the concentration index method was then used to decompose the contribution of foreign trade to health inequality. Results: The direct effect of foreign trade does not contribute to the current health inequality, although the indirect effects of trade contribute to health inequality through inequalities in income and healthcare utilization. The indirect pollution effect of trade does not cause health inequality. Subsequently, the direct effect of trade aggravates the dynamic expansion trend of health inequality, whereas the indirect effects of trade alleviate the increasing trend of health inequality. Conclusion: Although foreign trade improves the overall health level in China, it contributes to health inequality. Optimizing product structure of trade, adjusting income distribution, and enhancing medical securities for low-income groups are necessary to alleviate the health inequality caused by foreign trade.

Emissions-foreign trade nexus: establishing the need to harmonize environment and economics in RCEP

PurposeThis article investigates the impact of foreign trade on carbon emissions of the member countries of the largest trade bloc, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).Design/methodology/approachThe aggregate bilateral trade with members of RCEP during the period 1991–2020 was considered for analysis. The study also examines the impact of foreign trade (between member countries) on economic development, represented by GDP per capita. Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel Granger causality test was conducted to understand the impact of foreign trade on GDP per capita and carbon emissions.FindingsResults indicate that though foreign trade is heterogeneously Granger causing GDP per capita, it also aggravates carbon emissions in RCEP bloc.Originality/valueThe study is of significance to the policymakers in the member countries as it provides evidence to include climate impact in trade agreements. The wealthier RCEP member countries can support the green transition of low-income countries through transfer of eco-friendly technologies.