Impact Of Financial Incentives Research Articles

The impact of financial incentives on research production: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

The impact of financial incentives on research production: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

The Impact of Behavioral and Economic Drivers on Gig Economy Workers

Problem definition: Gig economy companies benefit from labor flexibility by hiring independent workers in response to real-time demand. However, workers’ flexibility in their work schedule poses a great challenge in terms of planning and committing to a service capacity. Understanding what motivates gig economy workers is thus of great importance. In collaboration with a ride-hailing platform, we study how on-demand workers make labor decisions; specifically, whether to work and work duration. Our model revisits competing theories of labor supply regarding the impact of financial incentives and behavioral motives on labor decisions. We are interested in both improving how to predict the behavior of flexible workers and understanding how to design better incentives. Methodology/results: Using a large comprehensive data set, we develop an econometric model to analyze workers’ labor decisions and responses to incentives while accounting for sample selection and endogeneity. We find that financial incentives have a significant positive influence on the decision to work and on the work duration—confirming the positive income elasticity posited by the standard income effect. We also find support for a behavioral theory as workers exhibit income-targeting behavior (working less when reaching an income goal) and inertia (working more after working for a longer period). Managerial implications: We demonstrate via numerical experiments that incentive optimization based on our insights can increase service capacity by 22% without incurring additional cost, or maintain the same capacity at a 30% lower cost. Ignoring behavioral factors could lead to understaffing by 10%–17% below the optimal capacity level. Lastly, our insights inform the design of platform strategy to manage flexible workers amidst an intensified competition among gig platforms. Funding: This study was supported by The Jay H. Baker Retailing Center, The William and Phyllis Mack Institute for Innovation Management, The Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, and The Fishman-Davidson Center for Service and Operations Management. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1191 .

The Impact of Financial Incentives in Last-Mile Operations: An Empirical Investigation

The Impact of Financial Incentives in Last-Mile Operations: An Empirical Investigation

Optimal sizing of a grid-connected photovoltaic-based system considering different incentive strategies

In the most countries, there are a variety of policies and incentives to encourage investors to develop photovoltaic (PV) systems. In this paper, the impact of financial incentives is investigated on the optimal sizing of a grid-connected PV-based power supply system located in Iran. To optimally design the system, the installed PV surface and percentage of the deficit power purchased from the electricity grid are determined to minimise net present cost and keep reliability at the desired level with two incentive strategies: rebating investment cost (RIC) and feed-in tariff (FIT). As an efficient optimiser, the harmony search algorithm is applied to find an optimal solution. In the case study, based on the simulation results, when the RIC incentive strategy is regarded, it is seen that at the current electricity price, it is not beneficial to use the PV technology. If the electricity price increases by around 80%, the installation of a PV system becomes cost-effective. When the FIT incentive strategy is considered, it is not beneficial to use the PV technology unless the electricity price considerably increases.

The impact of financial incentives on COVID-19 vaccination intention among a sample of U.S. adults

Financial incentives are one of several strategies that have been explored to enhance COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Although widely discussed, it is unclear how much of an incentive and for which subset of individuals incentives would be effective. This study explored the impact of hypothetical $600 or $1200 incentives on COVID-19 vaccination intention. From a nationally representative panel of U.S. adults, 346 individuals reported hesitance towards COVID-19 vaccination and were then asked about their willingness to accept a vaccine if offered hypothetical incentives. Results indicated 26.89% would get vaccinated if offered $600, and 30.06% if offered $1200. In the multivariable model that included sociodemographic and attitudinal predictors of vaccine uptake, those classified as ‘wait-and-see’ compared to those classified as non-acceptors were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccines when given financial incentives, and those who believed more strongly in the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines were more likely to accept a vaccine when first offered hypothetical $600 and then $1200 incentives. Individuals unsure if they ever had COVID-19 were significantly less likely to be willing to get the vaccine for $1200 as compared to those who believed they previously had COVID-19. These results suggest that financial incentives can increase intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.

The impact of financial incentives on HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa, a cluster randomised trial

IntroductionIncentives conditional on school attendance or on remaining free of sexually transmitted infections have produced mixed results in reducing HIV incidence.MethodsHIV-negative adolescent girls and young women aged 15–22%–50% of whom...

Incentivizing Excellence: the Impact of Financial Incentives on Patient-Centric Nursing Care

This article explores the role of financial incentives in the implementation of patient-centric care from a nursing perspective. Recognizing the pivotal influence nurses wield in shaping patient experiences, the study investigates how financial motivators impact the adoption of patient-centric practices. The article employs a mixed-methods approach to analyze the effectiveness of financial incentives, shedding light on both quantitative outcomes and qualitative insights from nursing professionals. The findings Contribute To The Ongoing Discourse On Optimizing Patient-Centric Care Strategies Within healthcare settings.

Financial incentives to increase stool collection rates for microbiome studies in adult bone marrow transplant patients.

In order to study the role of the microbiome in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), researchers collect stool samples from patients at various time points throughout HCT. However, stool collection requires active subject participation and may be limited by patient reluctance to handling stool. We performed a prospective study on the impact of financial incentives on stool collection rates. The intervention group consisted of allogeneic HCT patients from 05/2017-05/2018 who were compensated with a $10 gas gift card for each stool sample. The intervention group was compared to a historical control group of allogeneic HCT patients from 11/2016-05/2017 who provided stool samples before the incentive was implemented. To control for possible changes in collections over time, we also compared a contemporaneous control group of autologous HCT patients from 05/2017-05/2018 with a historical control group of autologous HCT patients from 11/2016-05/2017; neither autologous HCT group was compensated. The collection rate was defined as the number of samples provided divided by the number of time points we attempted to obtain stool. There were 35 allogeneic HCT patients in the intervention group, 19 allogeneic HCT patients in the historical control group, 142 autologous HCT patients in the contemporaneous control group (that did not receive a financial incentive), and 75 autologous HCT patients in the historical control group. Allogeneic HCT patients in the intervention group had significantly higher average overall collection rates when compared to the historical control group allogeneic HCT patients (80% vs 37%, p<0.0001). There were no significant differences in overall average collection rates between the autologous HCT patients in the contemporaneous control and historical control groups (36% vs 32%, p = 0.2760). Our results demonstrate that a modest incentive can significantly increase collection rates. These results may help to inform the design of future studies involving stool collection.

The impact of financial incentives and restrictions on cyclical food expenditures among low-income households receiving nutrition assistance: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest anti-hunger program in the United States. Two proposed interventions to encourage healthier food expenditures among SNAP participants have generated significant debate: financial incentives for fruits and vegetables, and restrictions on foods high in added sugar. To date, however, no study has assessed the impact of these interventions on the benefit cycle, a pattern of rapid depletion of SNAP benefits that has been linked to worsening nutrition and health outcomes over the benefit month.MethodsLow-income households not currently enrolled in SNAP (n = 249) received benefits every 4 weeks for 12 weeks on a study-specific benefit card. Households were randomized to one of four study arms: 1) incentive (30% incentive for fruits and vegetables purchased with study benefits), 2) restriction (not allowed to buy sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet baked goods, or candy using study benefits), 3) incentive plus restriction, or 4) control (no incentive or restriction). Weekly household food expenditures were evaluated using generalized estimating equations.ResultsCompared to the control group, financial incentives increased fruit and vegetable purchases, but only in the first 2 weeks after benefit disbursement. Restrictions decreased expenditures on foods high in added sugar throughout the benefit month, but the magnitude of the impact decreased as the month progressed. Notably, restrictions mitigated cyclical expenditures.ConclusionsPolicies to improve nutrition outcomes among SNAP participants should consider including targeted interventions in the second half of the month to address the benefit cycle and attendant nutrition outcomes.Trial registrationClinicalTrial.gov, NCT02643576. Retrospectively registered December 22, 2014.

Money also is sunny in a retiree\u2019s world: financial incentives and work after retirement

This paper assesses the impact of financial incentives on working after retirement. The empirical analysis is based on a large administrative individual career data set that includes information about 2% of all German employees subject to social security or in marginal employment until age 67 and their employers in the period 1975–2014. We use the classical labor supply model and differentiate between the impact of (potential) labor and non-labor (pension entitlements) income. A Heckman-type two step selection model corrects for endogeneity. We show that labor income has a positive and non-labor income a negative impact on the decision to work after retirement. Especially individuals who can substantially increase their earnings in comparison to their pension entitlements accordingly have a higher probability to work. Men are more attracted by labor earnings incentives than women. Also individuals who work until retirement are easier attracted to work after retirement by higher labor income than those with gaps between employment exit and retirement. Our results allow the calculation of the impact of changes in taxes on labor and non-labor income and changes in earnings offers by employers on work after retirement for different demographic groups.

Impact of financial incentives on green manufacturing: Loan guarantee vs. interest subsidy

This paper studies the impact of government support on the production and green investment of a manufacturing firm with financing needs. Two financial stimulus policies are explored: loan guarantee and interest subsidy. Based on game-theoretic models that incorporate the manufacturer's operations and the bank's risk preference, we attempt to explore the implications for the economic and environmental performance of government interventions. Our results reveal that: (1) both policies are effective in scaling up production volume and economic performance, but loan guarantee policy is ineffective in boosting green investment; (2) the downside risk the bank bears under the loan guarantee policy is not less than that under an interest subsidy policy, due to limited intervention from government; (3) it is optimal for the government to intervene in the manufacturer's financing activity when the environmental value is above a certain level. Further, we demonstrate that whether loan guarantee policy outperforms interest subsidy depends on consumers’ green awareness, green investment efficiency, environmental value, as well as bank's attitude toward risk. Finally, we test the robustness of our findings by extending the base models to other scenarios and find that the main results still hold in these extensions.

The Impact of Financial Incentives on Service Engagement Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness and Mental Illness: A Pragmatic Trial Protocol

Background: People experiencing homelessness and mental illness have poorer service engagement and health-related outcomes compared to the general population. Financial incentives have been associated with increased service engagement, but evidence of effectiveness is limited. This protocol evaluates the acceptability and impact of financial incentives on service engagement among adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness in Toronto, Canada.Methods: This study protocol uses a pragmatic field trial design and mixed methods (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03770221). Study participants were recruited from a brief multidisciplinary case management program for adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness following hospital discharge, and were randomly assigned to usual care or a financial incentives arm offering $20 for each week they attended meetings with a program provider. The primary outcome of effectiveness is service engagement, measured by the count of participant-provider health-care contacts over the 6-month period post-randomization. Secondary health, health service use, quality of life, and housing outcomes were measured at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential modeling including Poisson regression and generalized estimating equations. A subset of study participants and other key informants participated in interviews, and program staff in focus groups, to explore experiences with and perspectives regarding financial incentives. Qualitative data will be rigorously coded and thematically analyzed.Conclusions: Findings from this study will contribute high quality evidence to an underdeveloped literature base on the effectiveness and acceptability of financial incentives to improve service engagement and health-related outcomes among adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness.

The impact of financial incentives on SNAP transactions at mobile produce markets

BackgroundOffering financial incentives promotes increases in fruit and vegetable purchases in farmers’ markets and supermarkets. Yet, little is understood about whether food-insecure adults purchase more fruits and vegetables as a result of receiving financial incentives in mobile produce market settings.MethodsIn 2018–2019, Food on the Move provided a 50% discount to customers using Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits to purchase fruit and vegetables from 16 market locations in Rhode Island (n = 412 market occasions). We used mixed multivariable linear regression to estimate the difference in total dollar sales per transaction per month between SNAP transactions and non-SNAP transactions. We also estimated the difference in out-of-pocket dollar sales per transaction per month between SNAP and non-SNAP transactions, less the 50% discount. This reflects the actual amount spent on fresh fruits and vegetables purchased per visit. In both models, we controlled for the number of market sites per month, with fixed effects for quarter and year. We estimated random intercept variance for date of transaction and market site to adjust for clustering.ResultsIn 2018–2019, the majority of market transactions (total n = 13,165) were SNAP transactions [n = 7.988 (63.0%)]. On average, customers spent $17.38 (SD = 16.69) on fruits and vegetables per transaction per month. However, customers using SNAP benefits spent significantly more on FVs per transaction per month [$22.01 (SD = 17.97)] compared to those who did not use SNAP benefits [9.81 (SD = 10.68)] (β = $10.88; 95% CI: 10.18, 11.58). Similarly, out-of-pocket dollar sales per SNAP transaction per month (i.e., less the 50% discount) were significantly higher [$11.42 (SD = 9.44)] relative to non-SNAP transactions [$9.40 (SD = 9.33)] (β = $1.85; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.27).ConclusionsFinancial incentives contributed to higher fruit and vegetable purchases among low-income customers who shop at mobile produce markets by making produce more affordable. Higher spending on fruits and vegetables may promote healthy diet behaviors and reduce chronic disease risk among food-insecure adults.

What is the impact of financial incentives on the quality of health care provided by primary care physicians?

What is the impact of financial incentives on the quality of health care provided by primary care physicians?

The Impact of Financial Incentives on Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To evaluate the effects of financial incentives on physical activity (PA). MEDLINE, Embase, 7 other databases, and 2 trial registries until July 17, 2019. Randomized controlled trials with adults aged ≥18 years assessing the effect of financial incentives on PA. Any comparator was eligible provided the only difference between groups was the incentive strategy. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality. Of 5765 records identified, 57 records (51 unique trials; n = 17 773 participants) were included. Random-effects models pooling data for each of the 5 PA domains. Financial incentives increase leisure time PA (gym or class attendance; standardized mean difference [95% CI], 0.46 [0.28-0.63], n = 5057) and walking behavior (steps walked; 0.25 [0.13-0.36], n = 3254). No change in total minutes of PA (0.52 [-0.09 to 1.12], n = 968), kilocalories expended (0.19 [-0.06 to 0.44], n = 247), or the proportion of participants meeting PA guidelines (risk ratio [95% CI] 1.53 [0.53-4.44], n = 650) postintervention was observed. After intervention has ceased, incentives sustain a slight increase in leisure time PA (0.10 [0.02-0.18], n = 2678) and walking behavior (0.11 [0.00-0.22], n = 2425). Incentives probably improve leisure time PA and walking at intervention end, and small improvements may be sustained over time once incentives have ceased. They lead to little or no difference in kilocalories expended or minutes of PA. It is uncertain whether incentives change the likelihood of meeting PA guidelines because the certainty of the evidence is low.

867 The Effect of Financial Reward on Opioid Use After Thermal Injury to the Upper Extremity

Abstract Introduction The widespread use of opioids for the treatment of pain has come under progressive scrutiny in an attempt to address multiple unintended consequences. Despite multiple psychological, social, biological, and legal factors that contribute to pain management strategies, narcotics remain a mainstay for the treatment of burn-pain. As efforts are underway to test novel methods for mitigating pain, it is essential to clearly define models for testing these tools and strategies. This study examines the impact of financial incentives alone on the use of opioids at a single center. Methods Patients with thermal injury to the upper extremity, managed as outpatients, no more than three days from the date of injury and were prescribed the state-encouraged narcotic dosage of no more than 4 tablets (oxycodone, 5mg) per day for no more than 7 days were included. Enrolled patients (n=33) then answered a series of descriptive questions, completed the QuickDASH and had grip strength measurements of each hand. Patients were randomized to one of two groups. Both groups were offered a financial incentive to return a completed pill diary. One group (Incentivized- IC) was offered the possibility of additional financial incentive for each unused oxycodone tablet returned at one week follow up. Only patients who presented a completed pill diary were included in analysis (n=23). Results The Unincentivized (UIC)(n=13) and IC (n=10) were similar age, gender race, ethnicity, mean burn size (1.72% TBSA) and completed level of education. Mechanism of injury was predominantly scald burns (17 scalds, 5 flame injuries, 1 contact injury). Mean difference in grip strength between hands was similar between study groups at enrollment for both UIC and IC patients (-16.60 ±15.92lbs p=0.32,-16.45 ± 12.681lbs p=0.21). The initial QuickDASH scores (15.6lbs, SD 24.6 vs. 7.3lbs SD±10.4 p=0.01) were significant between groups. At one week follow up the difference between grip strength in each hand had improved similarly in each group (-13.16 ±19.71lbs p = 0.51vs. 3.07 ±19.44 lbs, p=0.87 and the increase in QuickDASH score was similar (34.83 SD 23.90 vs.46.09 SD 30.67 p=0.33). The UIC group used a mean of 2.5 tablets/day (±1.5 tab/day) versus the IC group used 2.1 tablets/day (±1.5 tab/day), p=0.46. Conclusions Modest financial incentives do not appear to alter opioid use for acute pain from thermal injury involving the upper extremity. These results support the use of financial rewards, which may encourage participation in future studies without independently affecting opioid use. Finally, it also appears that our state’s encouragement of more stringent prescription practices is appropriate for this mechanism of injury. Applicability of Research to Practice Ongoing research is needed to identify the best tools to decrease use of opioids in acute injury.

The impact of financial incentives on utilization and outcomes of diabetes prevention programs among Medicaid managed care adults in New York state

Diabetes prevalence has risen rapidly and has become a global health challenge. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) has been shown to prevent or delay the development of diabetes among individuals with prediabetes. Yet, diabetes prevention studies within the Medicaid population are limited and results are mixed. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different financial incentive strategies on the utilization of the DPP for Medicaid managed care adults in New York State.A four-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted among Medicaid managed care adult enrollees diagnosed with prediabetes and/or obesity. Study participants were offered a 16-week DPP with various incentive strategies based on class attendance and weight loss as follows: Attendance-Only, Weight-Loss Only, and both Attendance and Weight-Loss. A control group was offered DPP with no incentives for attendance or weight loss. We evaluated the impact of incentives on achievement of the program completion and weight-loss milestone.Participants who received incentives for the Attendance-Only class were least likely to be lost to follow-up, more likely to complete the program, and had two times higher percentage of meeting the weight-loss milestone compared to the control group. Results for the other incentive cohorts were mixed. A strong positive association was observed for participants who attended 9 or more classes and weight-loss regardless of incentive strategies.Providing monetary incentives for DPP class attendance had a positive impact on program completion and achieving the weight-loss milestone. However, the results from this study indicate that participant enrollment and retention remained challenges despite the incentives.

Financial Incentives to Increase Stool Collection Rates for Microbiome Studies in Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Patients

<h3>Introduction</h3> In order to learn more about the role of the microbiome in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), researchers collect stool samples from patients at various time points throughout HCT. However, unlike blood samples or skin swabs, stool collection requires active subject participation, particularly in the outpatient setting, and may be limited by patient aversion to handling stool. <h3>Objectives</h3> By providing study participants with compensation for their stool samples, we hypothesize that we can significantly increase stool collection rates. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a prospective cohort study on the impact of financial incentives on stool collection rates for microbiome studies. The intervention group consisted of allo-HCT patients from 05/2017-05/2018 who were compensated with a $10 gas gift card for each stool sample. The intervention group was compared to a historical control group consisting of allo-HCT patients from 11/2016-05/2017 who provided stool samples before the incentive was implemented. To control for potential changes in collections over time, we also compared a contemporaneous control group of auto-HCT patients from 05/2017-05/2018 with a historical control group of auto-HCT patients from 11/2016-05/2017; neither auto-HCT groups were compensated. Allo-HCT patients were required to give samples at pre-HCT, day 0 (the day of HCT), and days 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, and 90 post-HCT. Auto-HCT patients were required to give samples at pre-HCT and days 7, 14, and 90 post-HCT. Collection rates were defined as the number of samples provided divided by the number of time points for which we attempted to obtain samples. <h3>Results</h3> There were 35 allo-HCT patients in the intervention group, 19 allo-HCT patients in the historical control group, 142 auto-HCT patients in the contemporaneous control group, and 75 auto-HCT patients in the historical control group. Allo-HCT patients in the intervention group had significantly higher average overall collection rates when compared to the historical control group allo-HCT patients (80% vs 37%, p<0.001), as well has significantly higher average outpatient collection rates (84% vs 23%, p<0.001) and average inpatient collection rates (71% vs 46%, p=0.04). In contrast, there were no significant differences in overall average collection rates between the auto-HCT patients in the contemporaneous control and historical control groups (36% vs 32%, p=0.28), as well as the average outpatient collection rates (30% vs 28%, p=0.54) and the average inpatient collection rates (46% vs 59%, p=0.25). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results demonstrate that even a modest incentive can significantly increase collection rates. While this study uses a specialized HCT patient population, these results may be generalizable to informing the design of future studies and aid other researchers in obtaining stool samples needed for future microbiome studies.

Additionality in Agricultural Conservation Programs and Extension Services

ABSTRACT We present in this article estimates of the extent to which conservation cost-share programs and extension services are additional, using farm-level survey data from Louisiana. Farmers’ adoption decisions for 12 soil conservation practices on agricultural land are analyzed, using the propensity score matching approach. We find a varying impact of financial incentives and technical assistance across different soil management practices. Results reveal positive additionality for farm-specific conservation plans, conservation tillage, and zero-grade fields. Payment to avoid the burning of crop residue is nonadditional. These findings guide funding agencies in making conservation investments cost-effective while also attaining environmental goals.

The Impact of Financial Incentives on Crowdsourced Delivery

The Impact of Financial Incentives on Crowdsourced Delivery