Impact Of Environmental Pollution Research Articles

How environment and technology affect the regional manufacturing industry development

To help the manufacturing industry achieve high-quality development, it is urgent to identify the factors that affect the development of regional manufacturing. Compared to previous regression models, this article attempts to discover the nonlinear effects of different factors on regional manufacturing industry development (RMID) and their future impact trends. Based on the theory of new structural economics, we used order parameter analysis to examine the impact of environmental pollution and technology on RMID. The results indicate that: (1) The half of the cities promote industrial growth, but there are still three other situations: development slow down (3/21), a slight downward trend (5/21), and recession (2/21). (2) The two-thirds of cities adopt green development to promote industrial growth, while the development of other cities slows down (3/21), and some cities have a slight downward trend (4/21). The conclusion is as follows: (1) Through comparison, it is found that the impact of environment and technology on the RMID remains roughly synchronous, but currently the environmental promotion effect is greater. (2) We have found four technological development paths and can extend three green development models, effectively promoting RMID's green technology development. These suggestions will lay the foundation for promoting RMID.

Impact of environmental pollution on ant (Camponotus japonicus) development and labial gland disease

Metallic pollutants can have harmful impacts on ant morphology and physiology. We studied the occurrence of labial gland disease in Camponotus japonicus from two polluted areas (traffic pollution and industrial pollution) and one non-polluted area. We further analyzed the metal levels (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and morphological characteristics (head width, body mass, and other morphological traits) of both diseased and healthy workers. Our results showed that labial gland disease was only present in polluted areas, indicating that pollution stress makes ants more vulnerable to infections. Our research revealed that diseased ants in polluted areas accumulate higher levels of metals in their bodies and have lower dry weight and residual body mass compared to healthy ants in non-polluted environments, negatively impacting their development. We evaluated the importance of these elements and found that Cu has the greatest impact on the health risk of C. japonicus. Our study underscores the significant impact of environmental pollution on ant morphology and physiology and raises concerns about the broader ecological implications.

What public health challenges and unmet medical needs would benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration in the EU? A survey and multi-stakeholder debate.

In the past decade, significant European calls for research proposals have supported translational collaborative research on non-communicable and infectious diseases within the biomedical life sciences by bringing together interdisciplinary and multinational consortia. This research has advanced our understanding of disease pathophysiology, marking considerable scientific progress. Yet, it is crucial to retrospectively evaluate these efforts' societal impact. Research proposals should be thoughtfully designed to ensure that the research findings can be effectively translated into actionable policies. In addition, the choice of scientific methods plays a pivotal role in shaping the societal impact of research discoveries. Understanding the factors responsible for current unmet public health issues and medical needs is crucial for crafting innovative strategies for research policy interventions. A multistakeholder survey and a roundtable helped identify potential needs for consideration in the EU research and policy agenda. Based on survey findings, mental health disorders, metabolic syndrome, cancer, antimicrobial resistance, environmental pollution, and cardiovascular diseases were considered the public health challenges deserving prioritisation. In addition, early diagnosis, primary prevention, the impact of environmental pollution on disease onset and personalised medicine approaches were the most selected unmet medical needs. Survey findings enabled the formulation of some research-policies interventions (RPIs), which were further discussed during a multistakeholder online roundtable. The discussion underscored recent EU-level activities aligned with the survey-derived RPIs and facilitated an exchange of perspectives on public health and biomedical research topics ripe for interdisciplinary collaboration and warranting attention within the EU's research and policy agenda. Actionable recommendations aimed at facilitating the translation of knowledge into transformative, science-based policies are also provided.

Biodegradation Potential of Cyanide and Nitrile using Bacteria of The Genus Rhodococcus

Cyanides and nitriles, characterized by their R-CN chains, are known for their toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity, posing significant threats to environmental and human health. This study aims to explore the biodegradation capabilities of Rhodococcus sp. in breaking down cyanide and nitrile bonds. Rhodococcus pyridinivorans strain I-benzo was isolated from tanning waste and cultured in mineral media with a 20 mM benzonitrile substrate. The activity of this strain was tested using substrates such as benzonitrile, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, benzamide, acetamide, and acrylamide, revealing positive reactions of nitrile hydratase and amidase enzymes through the Nessler measurement method, which indicated the production of ammonia and carboxylic acids. Furthermore, the degradation tests showed that the Vmax values for the biodegradation of potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide were 0.56 ppm/minute and 0.21 ppm/minute, respectively. These findings highlight the potential application of Rhodococcus pyridinivorans strain I-benzo in mitigating the environmental impact of cyanide and nitrile pollutants through efficient biodegradation.

Research on Overvoltage Caused by Long Cable of Converter

Abstract Due to the impact of energy crisis and environmental pollution, wind power generation has developed rapidly as a clean and renewable energy source. The direct drive wind power system has attracted the attention of the country and wind power enterprises due to its simple structure and good reliability. This article conducts in-depth analysis on the overvoltage generated at the input end of the converter in the direct drive wind power generation system, and concludes that there are two reasons for the overvoltage: (1) there is a certain stray inductance in the direct drive wind power generation system. When the IGBT inside the converter is turned off too frequently, the induced electromotive force generated at both ends of the converter overlaps with the DC voltage, resulting in overvoltage pulses; (2) The long cable connection between the converter and the generator causes voltage reflection and generates overvoltage at the converter end. Therefore, if not suppressed in a timely manner, it will cause damage to the converter and generator. In order to prevent overvoltage damage, this article designs a new filtering circuit at the input of the converter to suppress overvoltage. A simulation model is built using Matlab simulation software to verify the advantages and disadvantages of the new filtering circuit. Finally, a comparative analysis of its simulation waveform shows that the new filtering circuit effectively suppresses the overvoltage at the input end of the converter, And the low energy consumption and wide filtering range effectively protect the safe operation of the converter.

Construction of three-dimensional aerogels from electrospun cellulose fibers as highly efficient and reusable oil absorbents

The escalating environmental impact of oil pollution has necessitated the development of efficient and sustainable absorbent materials. Considering the large surface area and good flexibility of electrospun fibers, in this work, we aim to construct three-dimensional interconnected porous structures by using electrospun cellulose fibers as building blocks to allow highly efficient and repeatable oil absorption. Specifically, electrospun cellulose fibers were dispersed in water and assembled by covalently crosslinking, followed by a silanization process to improve the hydrophobicity of the fibrous matrices. The structure and properties of the assembled aerogels were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, water contact angle (WCA) measurement, and compression test. All the aerogels exhibited multiscale morphological structures composed of major pores (up to 20 μm), minor pores (up to 1 μm), and semi-micron scaled fibers as the building blocks, and were capable of absorbing diversified oils and organic solvents owing to their three-dimensional interconnected porous structures (porosity > 93.5 %). In particular, Aerogel 1–1 exhibited exceptional oil absorption capacities (up to 37.82 g/g) and superior reusability as evidenced by the minimal changes in its absorption capacity and compressive strength after 20 absorption-compression cycles. Therefore, this work highlights the potential of the electrospun cellulose fiber-constructed aerogels for efficient oil pollution remediation and industrial wastewater treatment.

A Glimpse of Research Trends and Frontiers in the Etiology of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency via Bibliometric Analysis.

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is the most common reproductive aging disorder in women of reproductive age, which is characterized by decreased ovarian function in women before the age of 40. Etiology research of POI has garnered interest and attention from scholars worldwide over the past decades. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive survey with bibliometric analysis has been conducted yet on the research trends of POI etiology. This article aimed to analyze current scientific findings on the etiology of POI, offering innovative ideas for further research. Research articles on the etiology of POI from 1994 to 2023 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. A total of 456 research articles were included, and the total number of publications increased annually. We used VOSviewer and bibliometric.com to analyze the keywords, terms, institution, publication country/region, author name, publication journal, and the sum of times the articles have been cited. This study has shown that a research hotspot is the genetic etiology of POI; however, there is still a lack of research on the impact of epigenetic alterations, iatrogenic injuries, environmental pollution, social stress, and unhealthy lifestyles on the pathogenesis of POI. The factors illustrated here represent potential future directions for POI etiology research and warrant more attention from researchers.

Environmental efficacy of polyethylene microplastics: Enhancing the solidification of CuO nanoparticles and reducing the physiological toxicity to peanuts

Microplastics and metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are environmental pollutants that have attracted significant attention. However, there have been relatively few studies on the combined pollution of these substances in the soil-plant system. To investigate the environmental impact and interaction mechanisms of these two pollutants, a pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of soil exposure on peanut growth. The experiment results revealed that polyethylene (PE) had a minimal effect on peanut growth, while CuO NPs significantly inhibited peanut growth. Peanut biomass decreased by over 50 % in all Cu treatments. The presence of PE significantly impacted the dissolution and absorption of CuO NPs. When 0.5 % PE was present, the dissolution and transformation of CuO NPs were limited, resulting in a total Cu concentration of 458 mg/kg. Conversely, when 5 % PE was present, the dissolution and transformation of CuO NPs were promoted, leading to a DTPA-Cu concentration of 141 mg/kg, the highest level observed. The distribution of trace elements in peanut stems also responded to the differences in Cu concentration. Both pollutants significantly disrupted soil bacteria, with CuO NPs having a more pronounced effect than PE. Throughout the entire growth cycle of peanuts, no chemical adsorption occurred between PE and CuO NPs, and CuO NPs had no significant impact on the aging rate of PE. In summary, this study provides insights into the environmental impact and transport mechanisms of composite pollution involving microplastics and metal-based nanoparticles in the soil-peanut system.

Benefits and costs: Understanding the influence of heavy metal pollution on environmental adaptability in Strauchbufo raddei tadpoles through an energy budget perspective

Understanding the impact of environmental pollution on organismal energy budgets is crucial for predicting adaptive responses and potential maladaptation to stressors. However, the regulatory mechanism governing the trade-off between energy intake and consumption remains largely unknown, particularly considering the diverse adaptations influenced by exposure history in realistic field conditions. In the present study, we conducted a simulated field reciprocal transplant experiment to compare the energy budget strategies of Strauchbufo raddei tadpoles exposed to heavy metal. The simulated heavy metal concentrations (0.29 mg/L Cu, 1.17 mg/L Zn, 0.47 mg/L Pb, 0.16 mg/L Cd) mirrored the actual environmental exposure concentrations observed in the field habitat. This allowed for a comparison between tadpoles with parental chronic exposure to heavy metal pollutants in their habitat and those without such exposure. Results revealed that under heavy metal exposure, tadpoles originating from unpolluted areas exhibited heightened vulnerability, characterized by reduced food intake, diminished nutrient absorption, increased metabolism cost, reduced energy reserves, and increased mortality rates. In contrast, tadpoles originating from areas with long-term heavy metal pollution demonstrated adaptive strategies, manifested through adjustments in liver and small intestine phenotypes, optimizing energy allocation, and reducing energy consumption to preserve energy, thus sustaining survival. However, tadpoles from polluted areas exhibited certain maladaptive such as growth inhibition, metabolic suppression, and immune compromise due to heavy metal exposure. In conclusion, while conserving energy consumption has proven to be an effective way to deal with long-term heavy metal stress, it poses a threat to individual survival and population development in the long run.

Correction: Haseeb et al. Impact of Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution, and Energy Consumption on Health Expenditure and R&D Expenditure of ASEAN Countries. Energies 2019, 12, 3598

To allow the original publication to be better understood [...]

Developmental toxicity of the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin to the larvae of the crustacean Decapoda, Penaeus vannamei

The developmental toxicity effects of neonicotinoid pesticides such as clothianidin have not been fully explored in agricultural applications. This is particularly noteworthy because such pesticides significantly impact the survival rates of invertebrates, with arthropod larvae being particularly vulnerable. This study aimed to address this research gap by specifically investigating the toxicological effects of clothianidin on the developmental stages of the larvae of the economically important aquaculture species Penaeus vannamei. In these experiments, shrimp eggs were exposed to seawater containing different concentrations of clothianidin beginning at N1, and each phase was observed and analyzed to determine its toxic impact on larval development. These results revealed that clothianidin induces an increase in deformity rates and triggers abnormal cell apoptosis. It also significantly reduced survival rates and markedly decreased body length and heart rate in the later stages of larval development (P3). Transcriptomic analysis revealed disruptions in larval DNA integrity, protein synthesis, and signal transduction caused by clothianidin. To survive prolonged exposure, larvae may attempt to maintain their viability by repairing cell structures and enhancing signal transduction mechanisms. This study offers the first empirical evidence of the toxicity of clothianidin to arthropod larvae, underscoring the impact of environmental pollution on aquatic health.

Environmental pollution and extreme weather conditions: insights into the effect on mental health.

Environmental pollution exposures, including air, soil, water, light, and noise pollution, are critical issues that may implicate adverse mental health outcomes. Extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, floods, wildfires, and droughts, may also cause long-term severe concerns. However, the knowledge about possible psychiatric disorders associated with these exposures is currently not well disseminated. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on the impact of environmental pollution and extreme weather conditions on mental health, focusing on anxiety spectrum disorders, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and depression. In air pollution studies, increased concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 were the most strongly associated with the exacerbation of anxiety, schizophrenia, and depression symptoms. We provide an overview of the suggested underlying pathomechanisms involved. We highlight that the pathogenesis of environmental pollution-related diseases is multifactorial, including increased oxidative stress, systematic inflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and epigenetic dysregulation. Light pollution and noise pollution were correlated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, the impact of soil and water pollution is discussed. Such compounds as crude oil, heavy metals, natural gas, agro-chemicals (pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers), polycyclic or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), solvents, lead (Pb), and asbestos were associated with detrimental impact on mental health. Extreme weather conditions were linked to depression and anxiety spectrum disorders, namely PTSD. Several policy recommendations and awareness campaigns should be implemented, advocating for the advancement of high-quality urbanization, the mitigation of environmental pollution, and, consequently, the enhancement of residents' mental health.

#2767 Micro(nano)plastics are exposed and bioaccumulated in human fetus—the first evidence from neonatal umbilical cord blood and urine

Abstract Background and Aims At present, the world population problem is increasingly serious, and the impact of environmental pollution on the health of pregnant women and fetuses is a global research focus. Among them, micro(nano)plastics (MNPs), as an emerging pollutant, has been confirmed by several animal experiments and in vitro human cell experiments to have biotoxic effects. Recent studies have shown that MNPs are found in human placenta, amniotic fluid, meconium, and other samples, but there is still a lack of direct evidence that MNPs can enter and bioaccumulate in the fetus. Method To initially explore the actual situation of neonatal exposure to MNPs, this study collected umbilical cord blood samples and postnatal urine samples from 6 healthy fetuses in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, and used pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and laser direct infrared spectroscopy (LDIR) to detect and analyze MNPs in samples. Results With an average abundance of 81.15 (40.71) μg/g, MNPs were found in 6 umbilical cord blood samples by Py-GC/MS. Polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and polyamide 66 (PA66), 4 different types of MNPs were found, with PE content being the highest among them. By using LDIR, MNPs were found in 5 umbilical cord blood samples, with an average abundance of 17.39 (18.91) particles/g. Three different types of MNPs were found, they are acrylates (ACR), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP). MNPs particles were detected in 6 urine samples by PY-GC/MS, and the average abundance was 8.42 (4.70) μg/g. Two kinds of MNPs, PE and PVC, were detected, and the content of PE was higher. Conclusion The findings demonstrated that the contents and types of MNPs in umbilical cord blood samples were higher than those in urine samples. The levels of MNPs were correlated with the living habits of pregnant mothers, such as the frequency of ordering take-out food. In this study, through the detection of MNPs in umbilical cord blood and neonatal urine samples, we found the direct evidence of MNPs in the fetus for the first time, further confirmed that MNPs can enter the urine through renal metabolism, preliminarily explored the exposure and bioaccumulation effect of MNPs in the fetus, and analyzed the possible risks and related factors of exposure of MNPs during pregnancy, which provided a theoretical basis for in-depth study of the health impact of MNPs on pregnant women and fetuses.

Unveiling the Spatial Dimensions of Light Pollution in Pakistan: An Emerging Environmental Challenge

The study aims to investigates about the growing and serious concern of light pollution as an emerging environmental challenge in Pakistan. The study also attempts to analyze the spatial dimensions of this issue, including its implications for biodiversity and public health. The study also attempts to analyze the spatial dimensions of this issue, including its implications for biodiversity and public health. In Pakistan, a notable research gap exists regarding the environmental impact of light pollution. Despite the absence of policies regulating artificial lighting, and a lack of public awareness on this issue, there is a pressing need for comprehensive research to address and mitigate the adverse effects of excessive artificial light in the country. This descriptive study employs spatial mapping techniques to investigate and highlight the pervasive issue of light pollution in Pakistan. Utilizing geographic information, the research analyzes and visually represents the spatial distribution of artificial lighting, providing a comprehensive understanding of the extent and intensity of light pollution across the country. It is found that the most light-polluted regions in Pakistan encompass the northern, eastern, and central sectors of Punjab, the southwestern and central areas of Sindh, the central part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and the western region of Baluchistan. The study indicate that artificial sources of nightlight primarily cause light pollution in urban areas. This heightened light pollution coincides with major urban centers such as Rawalpindi, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Multan, Karachi, Hyderabad, Peshawar, and Quetta situated in these areas. Due to strong spatial effects, the light pollution extends from urban regions to their neighboring rural areas and depleting their dark spaces. Similarly, it is observed that, this strong spatial effect also causing light pollution alongside Indian border, substantiate the fact that light pollution from the urban regions of India creating light pollution in Pakistan. Furthermore, the study recommends comprehensive policy measures, including zoning regulations, public awareness campaigns, and technological solutions, to mitigate the adverse effects and spatial spread of light pollution.

Examining the Impact of Environmental Pollution and Life Expectancy on Economic Growth in the European Union

Examining the Impact of Environmental Pollution and Life Expectancy on Economic Growth in the European Union

A New Synthesis Method and Characterization of Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for the Leather Tanning Process

Environmental pollution caused by wastes generated from chrome tan is a major concern nowadays. This study aimed to develop an eco-friendly alternative tanning agent using graphene oxide (GO) based nanocomposite materials. GO was synthesized by a new approach with modification of the Hummers method. Two types of GO-based nanocomposites, GO-TiO2 (GT) and GO-TiO2-PEG (GTP) were prepared by adding TiO2 nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as surface modifiers. They were successfully applied to leather tanning processes at different concentrations (2%, 4%, and 6%). Both synthesized GO, GO-nanocomposites, and the resulting tanned leathers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Different physico-mechanical properties of leathers tanned with nanocomposites were evaluated and the results were compared with chrome-tanned leathers. The tensile strength of chrome-tanned leather was 223 (kg/cm) whereas the maximum tensile strength was found at 228 (kg/cm) and 233 (kg/cm) in 6% GO-TiO2 and GO-TiO2-PEG tanned leathers respectively. The environmental pollution impact of the effluents generated by the new tanning process was assessed. The COD of effluents generated from chrome tanning was 4800 ppm which was significantly reduced to 2400-1440 ppm and 2880-1920 ppm when GO-TiO2 (GT) and GO-TiO2-PEG (GTP) were applied in leather tanning respectively. The TDS and BOD were found at 183.8 and 200 ppm in conventional chrome-tanned wastewater which were significantly reduced to the range of 47.5-18.3 and 100-50 ppm respectively in liquid wastes obtained from the GO-composite tanning process. The maximum reduction of COD, BOD, TDS, and TSS in leather waste liquid was found with the application of 2% GO-nanocomposites in tanning. The results revealed that leathers tanned with nanocomposites possess characteristic properties which were very similar to those observed in chrome-tanned leathers whereas the new tanning agents drastically reduced the intensity of pollutants in leather effluents. The application of new nanocomposites in the leather tanning process is an innovative effort. This new nanocomposite-tanning method showed minimal consequences regarding environmental pollution with the generation of less toxic effluents from the respective tanning process.

Water-energy-food(WEF) nexus efficiency of dynamic slack-based measure in 31 provinces and regions in China

In recent years, China's rapid economic growth has positioned it as the world's second-largest economy by 2011. Despite emphasizing energy efficiency and environmental protection since the 1990s, China still grapples with resource wastage and environmental pollution in its development. Consequently, controlling negative environmental impacts is an important issue in achieving balanced development in China, as well as in other economies around the world. This study collected crucial Water-Energy-Food Nexus (WEF Nexus) variables from 31 Chinese provinces and regions between 2016 and 2020. It utilized the Dynamic Slack-Based Measure (DSBM) model to assess the overall WEF Nexus efficiency across these provinces and regions. Empirical results show: a) After incorporating pollutant emissions, the WEF Nexus total efficiency declined from 0.5703 to 0.5124, indicating the impact of pollutant emissions on overall efficiency. This suggests a potential need for enhanced efforts across Chinese provinces to reduce emissions. b) Among the studied provinces and regions, ten, including Beijing, Guangdong, Hainan, and Jiangsu, exhibited a WEF Nexus total efficiency value of 1, while Hebei, Guangxi Zhuang, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions showcased the poorest overall efficiency. c) China's population growth has created pressure on WEF Nexus resource and environmental configurations, leading to substantial pollutant generation alongside the pursuit of rapid GDP growth, affecting living environments. This study emphasizes crucial variables related to WEF Nexus and environmental pollution in urban development. It not only aids decision-makers in effectively allocating input and output resources for sustainable resilient urban planning but also highlights the impact of environmental pollution on the overall efficiency of WEF Nexus.

Impact of environmental pollution on adrenocortical carcinoma in Italy

Impact of environmental pollution on adrenocortical carcinoma in Italy

Eco-endocrinological dynamics: Unraveling dexamethasone's influence on the interrenal axis in juvenile carp Cyprinus carpio

This study delves into the eco-endocrinological dynamics concerning the impact of dexamethasone (DXE) on the interrenal axis in juvenile carp, Cyprinus carpio. Through a comprehensive analysis, we investigated the effects of DXE exposure on oxidative stress, biochemical biomarkers, gene expression, and bioaccumulation within the interrenal axis. Results revealed a concentration-dependent escalation of cellular oxidation biomarkers, including 1) hydroperoxides content (HPC), 2) lipid peroxidation level (LPX), and 3) protein carbonyl content (PCC), indicative of heightened oxidative stress. Concurrently, the activity of critical antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), significantly increased, underscoring the organism's response to oxidative insult. Notable alterations were observed in biochemical biomarkers, particularly Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, with GGT displaying a significant decrease with increasing DXE concentrations. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of stress and inflammation response genes, as well as those associated with sensitivity to superoxide ion presence and calcium signaling, in response to DXE exposure. Furthermore, DXE demonstrated a concentration-dependent presence in interrenal tissue, with consistent bioconcentration factors observed across all concentrations tested. These findings shed light on the physiological and molecular responses of juvenile carp to DXE exposure, emphasizing the potential ecological implications of DXE contamination in aquatic environments. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for assessing the environmental impact of glucocorticoid pollutants and developing effective management strategies to mitigate their adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems.

Optimizing the Implementation of Carbon Tax in Reducing the Impact of Environmental Pollution

Carbon taxes are one of the climate control tools that help achieve sustainable economic growth. It is a market-based instrument that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by making it more expensive to emit carbon dioxide. The Indonesian government has shown its seriousness in reducing global warming by establishing carbon tax regulations, including a provision in Law No. 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations. Despite implementing carbon taxes in several countries, their implementation must be reconsidered to ensure the objective is achieved. Therefore, this research aims to optimize the implementation of a carbon tax to reduce the impact of environmental pollution. This paper will investigate whether or not the carbon tax has already reduced emissions or if it is not affected at all. Three factors could cause carbon emissions: Coal, vehicle, and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, conducting an expectation study encompassing these policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers can gain insights into the potential outcomes and impacts of optimizing the implementation of a carbon tax in reducing environmental pollution. It can inform decision-making processes and help guide the designing and refining adequate and equitable environmental policies.