Impact Of Economic Inequality Research Articles

Development of Smart Technologies in Education in the Context of Modern Neuroscience and the War in Ukraine

The article examines the problem of interdependence of post-industrial society and the level of education based on the study of scientific and periodical sources. The meaning of the concept of "smart education" is clarified, its main elements are described. Studying the development of smart education in different regions of the world, conclusions are made about the impact of economic inequality and objective negative processes such as war. On the other hand, if previously weaker states involved the elements of intelligent education at a slow pace, today the acceleration of this pace is dictated by the objective world situation. The topicality of the topic is confirmed by the global focus on education problems, since today the crisis demonstrated the practically underdeveloped mechanism of smart education in all countries, which in difficult conditions was the most unbalanced, and in some regions was absent at all. The practical significance of the article is that the conclusions about the application of neuroscientific analysis of smart technologies, especially foreign ones, can be used in the smart concept of our country.

The Impact of Economic Inequality on Social Disparities: A Quantitative Analysis

This quantitative study examines the complex relationship between economic inequality and social inequities, focusing on educational attainment. The study examines how Gini coefficient-measured economic disparity affects educational attainment in hypothetical countries. This study uses a linear regression model to examine how economic inequality affects social outcomes. A statistically substantial positive correlation exists between the Gini coefficient and educational attainment discrepancy. Educational attainment disparity increases by 2.5 years per unit rise in the Gini coefficient, according to the calculated coefficient. This supports the idea that economic inequality increases education gaps, prolonging cycles of disadvantage for vulnerable populations. The study underlines the intricacy of these processes by conceding that regression analysis cannot prove causation. Economic inequality affects educational attainment disparity through policy frameworks, institutional structures, and cultural norms. This highlights the necessity for extensive policy responses to address these issues. The policy ramifications of this study are significant. The findings emphasize the need for fair access to quality education, especially for disadvantaged communities. Targeted actions are needed to reduce economic inequality's impact on education and promote inclusivity. This study examined educational attainment, but its approach and findings are important. The association between economic inequality and social differences is multifaceted, begging for further study. This study adds to the debate between economic inequality and social inequality. This study emphasizes the need for educated and context-sensitive strategies to reduce gaps, enhance social mobility, and create more equitable society as societies face inequality.

Impact of economic inequality on Kaposi sarcoma of the lung: A retrospective cohort.

e18920 Background: Kaposi Sarcoma of the lung is a rare entity; it is unclear if a below-average household income has an impact on outcomes. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with Kaposi Sarcoma of the lung that were admitted to acute care from 2016 to 2020. Data is derived from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). We compared outcomes in 2 cohorts: those with household income < $50,000 versus those with > $50,000. The primary endpoint was differences in all-cause in-patient mortality. Secondary endpoints included differences in length of stay (LoS) and admission cost. Results: A total of 460 patients met inclusion criteria; 40% had income < $50K, and 60% > $50K (p < 0.001). There was a trend to male predominance (100% of < $50K, 95% > $50K; p 0.147) with a mean age of 39 (35 for < 50K, 41 for > 50K; p 0.015). Black patients were the most afflicted group (46%; 71% of < $50K, 29% > $50K; p < 0.001), followed by White patients (33%, 20% of < $50K, 43% of > $50K; p < 0.001). Additionally, patients with household income < $50K (40%; p < 0.001) and hospitals located in the South (43%, 48% of < $50K, 40% of > %50K; p < 0.001) and West (32%, 11% of < $50K, 46% of > 50K; p < 0.001) represented the largest group. Majority of patients were under Medicaid insurance coverage, however there was no relationship between Medicaid coverage and mortality (p = 0.709, CI 0.16-3.42). There was no difference in distribution based on primary payer, hospital bed size, hospital teaching status, and hospital ownership (p > 0.05). No differences in mortality were noted among groups (p 0.845). No differences in LoS were seen (p 0.560), but younger patients were more likely to have shorter LoS (p 0.033). Ultimately, no differences in hospitalization costs were noted (p 0.426). Furthermore, from the 460 patients with Kaposi lung sarcoma, 5 were post-transplant patients, and 130 were patients with HIV; in this sub-group of analysis, were no differences between ages. The mean age in patients with lung transplants was 39.5, and the HIV group was 40 years. The black population was the most affected, with an income below $50 000. Conclusions: Income did not impact mortality in patients admitted for Kaposi sarcoma of the lung. Black patients and patients with income < $50,000 represented the largest group. Nevertheless, more research is needed for better stratification and to elucidate many factors that play a role in the mortality of patients with Kaposi sarcoma of the lung.

Poverty as a matter of justice

Poverty is the outcome of the unequal distribution of resources reinforced by a legal, political, economic, and cultural model and is the central expression of social injustice. The impact of economic inequality on humanity’s quality of life can be better explained from the perspective of basic needs and their ties with rights, the unequal opportunities and their connection with the degree of autonomy that situated individuals effectively enjoy, and the effectiveness of public policy and the responsibilities and duties of the governments. This article discusses the close (and not visible) ties between justice, law, and poverty, emphasizing that the current legal framework -even the human rights system- legitimizes an unequal status quo that prevents real access to and enjoyment of rights and freedoms for people living in poverty conditions. Moreover, it also endangers democratic stability.

The impact of economic inequality on conspiracy beliefs

Previous literature highlights the crucial role of economic inequality in triggering a range of negative societal outcomes. However, the relationship between economic inequality and the proliferation of conspiracy beliefs remains unexplored. Here, we explore the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs as an outcome of objective country-level (Study 1a, 1b, 1c), perceived (Study 2), and manipulated economic inequality (Studies 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b). In the correlational studies, both objective and perceived economic inequality were associated with greater conspiracy beliefs. In the experiments, participants in the high (compared to the low) inequality condition were more likely to endorse conspiratorial narratives. This effect was fully mediated by anomie (Studies 3a, 3b) suggesting that inequality enhances the perception that society is breaking down (anomie), which in turn increases conspiratorial thinking, possibly in an attempt to regain some sense of order and control. Furthermore, the link between economic inequality and conspiracy beliefs was stronger when participants endorsed a conspiracy worldview (Studies 4a, 4b). Moreover, conspiracy beliefs mediated the effect of the economic inequality manipulation on willingness to engage in collective action aimed at addressing economic inequality. The results show that economic inequality and conspiracy beliefs go hand in hand: economic inequality can cause conspiratorial thinking and conspiracy beliefs can motivate collective action against economic inequality.

Conceptualizing and Measuring Political Inequality in a Cross-National Perspective

Abstract It is widely believed that economic inequality significantly affects political inequality, and vice versa. However, there has been a lack of empirical evidence about this relationship, particularly, in cross-national comparative research. This is largely because cross-national measures of political inequality are underdeveloped. To fill this gap, this study introduces a new way of conceptualizing and measuring political inequality and constructs the Political Inequality Index (PII), which is mainly based on objective indicators. Additionally, the Political Power Inequality Index (PPII) based on subjective indicators is presented as an alternative measure. This research then explores the features of these measures and investigates the impact of economic inequality on political inequality with the measures. The dynamic panel data analysis controlling for endogeneity provides little evidence that income inequality has a significant effect on political inequality, however.

The Impact of Economic Inequality on Entrepreneurship: Does a Society’s Stage of Development Make a Difference?

In recent studies linking inequality to the entrepreneurial process, some scholars claim that inequality creates entrepreneurial incentives, thereby increasing entrepreneurship, while others contend that inequality deters entrepreneurship by restricting market opportunities. Building on Kuznets’s inverted- U hypothesis on the inequality–development relationship, I posit that the nature of the inequality–entrepreneurship relationship is contingent on a society’s development level. Results from mixed-effects logistic regressions and 60 countries support this argument. Although inequality increases entrepreneurship overall, the results of this study show a curvilinear relationship between the inequality–entrepreneurship association and development. That is, the inequality–entrepreneurship association is weak at low levels of development, strengthens as development increases from low to intermediate levels, and lessens again at advanced development levels. I discuss the implications of these findings for future entrepreneurship research and policy initiatives aimed at mitigating adverse impacts of inequality on social welfare.

Investigation of the Trend in Adolescent Mental Health and its Related Social Factors: A Multi-Year Cross-Sectional Study For 13 Years.

We aimed to investigate the mental health change and associated social correlates in adolescents in terms of depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal attempt. In total, 978,079 students (12–18 years old, 7th–12th grade) participated in the survey for 13 years (2006–2018) by a multiple-year cross-sectional design (not a repeat measure for smaller group). Mental health outcome variables were assessed using self-report surveys with the independent variables of sex, age, economic status, school achievement, and parental educational level. Korean social indices of income inequality (Gini index, higher scores representing greater economic inequity with score range of 0–1), education (national proportion of tertiary education attainment), and actual suicides were investigated together as related social factors. The prevalence of depressive episodes, suicidal ideation, and suicidal attempt markedly dropped by 34.6%, 42.2%, and 48.3%, respectively. Moreover, the Gini index (from 0.314 in 2008 to 0.295 in 2015) and proportion of tertiary education (from 82.1% in 2006 to 69.7% in 2018) showed a decreasing tendency. These indices and adolescent mental health outcomes highly correlated with each other (Pearson’s r between Gini index and depressive episode = 0.789, suicidal ideation = 0.724, and suicidal attempt = 0.740; Pearson’s r between proportion of tertiary education and depressive episode = 0.930, suicidal ideation = 0.809, and suicidal attempt = 0.851). Adolescent mental health has improved in the last 13 years in Korea, and improvements in social inequality (decreased Gini index) and lessened burden of academic competition (decreased national proportion of tertiary education) were significantly associated with the improvement of adolescent’s mental health. However, the impact of parental educational level on children’s mental health was relatively minimal, compared with the impact of economic inequality and academic burden. Further studies are needed to reveal the underlying mechanism for the association between adolescent mental health and sociodemographic factors to save adolescents from psychological distress.

Construcción sociocultural de San Salvador de Jujuy, frontera simbólica de Argentina con Bolivia

Se analiza la ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy como espacio fronterizo y espacio de ciudad. Mediante la sistematización de estudios locales se busca considerar los elementos históricos, políticos, socioeconómicos, migratorios y simbólicos que crean la experiencia urbana de frontera. Este aporte se acota a reconstruir a la ciudad como una red de sentidos. Se profundiza en los flujos migratorios, la situación política reciente, la impresión en la urbanidad de las desigualdades económicas y, la relevancia de lo mediático y lo ritual en la configuración de los sentidos de ciudad dominantes; se consignan los factores que territorializan la diferencia y la desigualdad local y el proceso de periferización y pauperización del suelo. Por otro lado, se determinan los conflictos políticos recientes que inciden en la desarticulación regional y las disputas simbólicas que tensionan la pertenencia nacional frente a la alta incidencia andina.

The Impact of Economic Inequality on Children’s Development and Achievement

Child poverty leads to many challenges at both societal and individual levels, and the two levels are interrelated. It is critical to recognize the complex implications of poverty, including short-term and long-term effects for children and families. After reviewing both the societal (e.g., economic costs, segregation, and unequal opportunity) and individual (e.g., effects on children’s health, development, learning, and academic achievement) implications of poverty, this paper will describe a framework for action that incorporates multiple existing approaches, and offer an example of one intervention that aims to address the challenges associated with economic inequality for children in the United States in a comprehensive, multifaceted manner.

Migrants and health in the Nordic welfare states.

This article probes into the health of migrants with a focus on the situation in the Nordic universal welfare states. The Nordic welfare states are further compared to each other with a comparison to the EU28 if possible, including investigation of the differences among the four Nordic countries. This is done by analyzing central parameters related to access to and inequality in health care.The article concludes that ethnicity does not give rise by itself to differences in health care, including access to care, but can be seen as a marker of where health problems might arise due to other specific socioeconomic factors, such as the impact of economic inequality. Moreover, the healthy migrant paradox cannot be confirmed.

America's founding and the struggle over economic inequality

If, as many allege, attacking the gap between rich and poor is a form of class warfare, then the struggle against income inequality is the longest running war in American history. To defenders of the status quo, who argue that the accumulation of wealth free of government intervention is an essential feature of the American way, this book offers a forceful answer. While many of those who oppose addressing economic inequality through public policy today do so in the name of freedom, Clement Fatovic demonstrates that concerns about freedom informed the Founding Fathers' arguments for public policy that tackled economic disparities. Where contemporary arguments against such government efforts conceptualize freedom in economic terms, however, those supporting public policies conducive to greater economic equality invoked a more participatory, republican, conception of freedom. As many of the Founders understood it, economic independence, which requires a wide if imperfect distribution of property, is a precondition of the political independence they so profoundly valued. Fatovic reveals a deep concern among the Founders--including Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, and Noah Webster--about the impact of economic inequality on political freedom. America's Founding and the Struggle over Economic Inequality traces this concern through many important political debates in Congress and the broader polity that shaped the early Republic--debates over tax policies, public works, public welfare, and the debt from the Revolution. We see how Alexander Hamilton, so often characterized as a cold-hearted apologist for plutocrats, actually favored a more progressive system of taxation, along with various policies aimed at easing the economic hardship of specific groups. In Thomas Paine, frequently portrayed as an advocate of laissez-faire government, we find a champion of a comprehensive welfare state that would provide old-age pensions, public housing, and a host of other benefits as a matter of right, not charity. Contrary to the picture drawn by so many of today's pundits and politicians, this book shows us how, for the first American statesmen, preventing or minimizing economic disparities was essential to the preservation of the new nation's freedom and practice of self-government.

Creating social policy to support women's agency in coercive settings: A case study from Uganda

Many emphasise the need for policies that support women's agency in highly coercive settings, and the importance of involving target women in public deliberation to inform policy design. The Ugandan Marriage and Divorce Bill seeks to strengthen women's agency in marriage, but has faced many obstacles, including objections from many women themselves in public consultations. We explore key stakeholders’ accounts of the difficulties facing the Bill's progress to date, through focus groups with 24 rural and urban men and women, interviews with 14 gender champions in government, non-governmental organisations and legal sectors, and 25 relevant media and radio reports. Thematic analysis revealed an array of representations of the way the Bill's progress was shaped by the public consultation process, the nature of the Ugandan public sphere, the understanding and manipulation of concepts such as ‘culture’ and ‘custom’ in public discourse, the impact of economic inequalities on women's understandings of their gendered interests and low women's trust in the law and the political process. We discuss the complexities of involving highly marginalised women in public debates about gender issues and highlight possible implications for conceptualising agency, gender and social change as tools for gender policy and activism in extreme inequality.

The impact of economic inequalities on self-esteem and depression – a longitudinal study from Denmark

Background During the last five years, negative consequences of austerity politics (e.g. its impact on soft outcomes such as self-esteem and mental health) have been dismissed as being irrelevant as arguments against ‘necessary’ social reforms and cut backs in many European countries including Denmark. But how important are economic factors, e.g. childhood experiences of parental unemployment, poverty and difficulties participating in leisure time activities as antecedents for self-esteem and depression? Methods Information from a birth …

The Impact of Economic Inequality on Economic Freedom

This paper tests the hypothesis that the presence of economic inequality may lead to erosions of economic freedom. Using Economic Freedom of the World as a measure of free economic institutions, it finds that a one standard deviation increase in the gini coefficient reduces the presence of free economic institutions by 0.18 standard deviations. This effect is modest but not at all trivial, and the magnitude of the effect may be especially important in increasing the size of government. Surprisingly, the evidence is mixed for the effect of inequality on regulation, with modest evidence suggesting it may improve the regulatory environment. While many methods of reducing economic inequality involve restrictions on economic freedom, this evidence underscores the importance of stressing reforms free market proponents are confident will mitigate inequality.

Pathways of Economic Inequalities in Maternal and Child Health in Urban India: A Decomposition Analysis

Background/ObjectiveChildren and women comprise vulnerable populations in terms of health and are gravely affected by the impact of economic inequalities through multi-dimensional channels. Urban areas are believed to have better socioeconomic and maternal and child health indicators than rural areas. This perception leads to the implementation of health policies ignorant of intra-urban health inequalities. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explain the pathways of economic inequalities in maternal and child health indicators among the urban population of India.MethodsUsing data from the third wave of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS, 2005–06), this study calculated relative contribution of socioeconomic factors to inequalities in key maternal and child health indicators such as antenatal check-ups (ANCs), institutional deliveries, proportion of children with complete immunization, proportion of underweight children, and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). Along with regular CI estimates, this study applied widely used regression-based Inequality Decomposition model proposed by Wagstaff and colleagues.ResultsThe CI estimates show considerable economic inequalities in women with less than 3 ANCs (CI = −0.3501), institutional delivery (CI = −0.3214), children without fully immunization (CI = −0.18340), underweight children (CI = −0.19420), and infant deaths (CI = −0.15596). Results of the decomposition model reveal that illiteracy among women and her partner, poor economic status, and mass media exposure are the critical factors contributing to economic inequalities in maternal and child health indicators. The residuals in all the decomposition models are very less; this implies that the above mentioned factors explained maximum inequalities in maternal and child health of urban population in India.ConclusionFindings suggest that illiteracy among women and her partner, poor economic status, and mass media exposure are the critical pathways through which economic factors operate on inequalities in maternal and child health outcomes in urban India.

De rol van cultuur en sociale cohesie in de economische geschiedenis

TSEG (Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis) - The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History, is het Nederlands-Vlaamse vaktijdschrift op het gebied van de sociale en economische geschiedenis

Economic Inequality and Rule Performance in the Governance of Water Resources

This paper proposes a theoretical framework to analyze the impact of economic inequality on collective action through its effects on institutions. As suggested by the empirical research, institutions may crucially influence the success with which collective action is undertaken by shaping agents' returns from cooperation. The institutional channel is taken explicitly into account by modelling the relationship between inequality in land distribution and the performance of different water allocation rules. Our analysis offers a theoretical interpretation for the variety of findings in the case study literature. One prediction of the model is that the collective output generated by a specific rule depends on the degree of initial inequality in the economy, weighted by the strategic importance of agents' contributions to the realisation of the collective project.

Poverty, Equalities and Social Inclusion

This article explores the relationship between inequalities, exclusion and poverty and assesses the efforts of the Government and others to address them in an integrated way. It considers the failure of a radical vision of a poverty-free and socially inclusive society and attributes this failure, in part, to an unwillingness to take account of the extent of poverty and its impact on different social groups. The article identifies the need for an anti-poverty strategy and calls for non-government equalities groups to demonstrate greater awareness of the impact of economic inequalities on the solidarity and vitality of the communities they represent.

Homicide in Urban Canada: Testing the Impact of Economic Inequality and Social Disorganization

Homicide in Canada is regionally distributed, rising from east to west. This study demonstrates a reduction in the regional effect through a convergence in homicide rates between eastern, central, and western Canada in Census Metropolitan Areas with higher levels of inequality and social disorganization. The implications of the findings for research on homicide rates are discussed.