Impact Of Development Projects Research Articles

Impact of Development Projects on Triple Bottom Line: A Study from the Perspective of Project Affected People of Kalinganagar Industrial Area, Odisha, India

Impact of Development Projects on Triple Bottom Line: A Study from the Perspective of Project Affected People of Kalinganagar Industrial Area, Odisha, India

The impact of development projects on the right to equality

Citizenship refers to the legal and political status of a person as a member of a state. The purpose of this article is to analyze how statesponsored resettlement resulting from development projects undermines the rights and equality of citizens. A project is the simplest independent action unit in a development investment process. Promoting equality during resettlement can prevent many socio-political and economic problems. This article will question why the citizens, despite having equal rights, are subject to social exclusion during development projects. The Deduru Oya development project has affected 584 families and they have been resettled in 04 areas. This article is based on field research conducted in the resettled village of Polgammana. The article is significant because there are very few studies based on the social, economic, and political rights of resettles. The article compares both the pre-and post- stages of a development project highlighting the importance of promoting the right to equality for Sri Lankan citizens. The article uses HT Marshall's theory of social citizenship, John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern’s theory of games and economic behavior, and the theory of legal rights as its theoretical basis.

Building State Capacity: What is the Impact of Development Projects?

Building State Capacity: What is the Impact of Development Projects?

Impact of Development Projects on Displaced Residents: A Case Study of Mwomboshi Dam in Chisamba District, Zambia

Impact of Development Projects on Displaced Residents: A Case Study of Mwomboshi Dam in Chisamba District, Zambia

The Use of Remote Sensing Analysis for Evaluating the Impact of Development Projects in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem

Remote sensing has long been valued as a data source for monitoring environmental indicators and detecting trends in ecosystem stress from anthropogenic causes such as deforestation, river dams and air and water pollution. More recently, remote sensing analyses have been applied to evaluate the impacts of environmental projects and programs on reducing environmental stresses. Such evaluation has focused primarily on the change in above-surface vegetation such as forests. This study uses remote sensing ocean color products to evaluate the impact on reducing marine pollution of the Global Environment Facility’s (GEF) portfolio of projects in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem. Chlorophyll concentration was derived from satellite images over a time series from the 1990s, when GEF projects began, until the present. Results show a 50% increase in chlorophyll until 2011 followed by a 34% decrease until 2019, showing a potential delayed effect of pollution control efforts. The rich time series data is a major advantage to using geospatial analysis for evaluating the impacts of environmental interventions on marine pollution. However, one drawback to the method is that it provides insights into correlations but cannot attribute the results to any particular cause, such as GEF interventions.

Examining the Impact of Development Projects’ on the Project Affected People: A Study in Kalinganagar Industrial Estate, Odisha, India

Examining the Impact of Development Projects’ on the Project Affected People: A Study in Kalinganagar Industrial Estate, Odisha, India

What does sampling tell us about the ecology of troglofauna?

Little is known about the ecology of the troglofauna species occurring outside caves – which we term landscape troglofauna – because of the difficulties associated with viewing and sampling the habitats of these species. Some of the important information missing for most landscape species is as basic as the depth and substrate in which they occur. For example, does a particular species occur relatively close to the surface, over a range of depths or is it always found quite deep? Does the species use detritals, bedrock habitats or both? In addition to being important for understanding the structure and resilience of subterranean communities, this information is very useful for determining the likely impact of development projects on troglofauna species and their habitat. Because animals are difficult to collect, species ranges within a development site, and beyond it, are often inferred from the extent of their known habitat. In this talk, we address four issues relevant to the ecology and sampling of troglofauna. First, we examine whether troglofaunal capture rates can be related to season, antecedent rainfall or other factors. Second, we examine the effect on sampling yield of setting multiple troglofauna traps. Third, we examine the depths at which various groups of troglofauna mostly occur and check whether there is a match between depth of occurrence and assignment to troglophile or troglobiont categories. Finally we use results of troglofauna sampling in holes for which we have drill logs to we illustrate how knowledge about species’ substrate types is used in environmental impact assessment. This work is a first step to improving our understanding of habitat preferences of troglofauna in Western Australia and some of the responses of troglofauna to environmental variables. It is hoped the work will lead to the framing of more detailed studies.

Development induced displacement of rural communities in India: A critical review

Abstract. This article analyses the impact of recent modernisation-led development on rural communities, emphasising particularly their loss of land and of access to common land. Displacement of rural communities from their natural habitats results in a host of socio-economic impacts. This study will focus mainly on farmers and tribal communities in India - as to how they have been affected by the modernisation process, especially since the adoption of neoliberal economic reforms. For a rural community the displacement is a traumatic both in terms livelihoods and from a cultural perspective. The paper analyses the issues of displacement of the villages that have been relatively isolated from the outside world. Modernisation-induced displacement becomes important due to its impact on the rural communities through land alienation which has resulted in protests by the affected communities. I find there is a gap in the literature regarding the impact of development projects on the socio-economic conditions of the rural communities. Keywords. India, Rural community, Modernisation, Land-displacement, Resettlement and sustainability. JEL. Q00, Q10, Q58.

IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON WOMEN

The move toward a borderless world in trade and industry has had adverse effects on women. Studies of the impact of globalization on the garments industry in which women workers predominate reveal changes in structure of the garments industry (e.g., by-passing of middle-level subcontractors) due to increased global competition; the Asian financial crises which led to only the big firms surviving; the shrinking of the domestic market due to the flood of cheaper imports and the introduction of new technologies such as computer aided embroidery have made women workers and homeworkers highly vulnerable, subject to lay-offs, loss of orders and other economic difficulties. In the Cordilleras, a study of open-pit mining (OPM) focused on the effects of OPM on women's workload, access to and control over resources and household decision-making among women from the Ibaloy and Kankanaey ethnolinguistic groups. The study found the effects to be catastrophic, not just on the women but on the economy, environment and culture of the region. The results of these pioneering studies call for more and continuing research on the impact of development projects on women in the context of globalization.

Ai de ti, Manaus: a “literatura menor” de Aldísio Filgueiras

Our objective is to analyze the imbrications between the work and the experience of Amazonas poet Aldisio Filgueiras, especially through the impact of development projects and authoritarianism. Representing his strained relationship with Manaus through a strongly political and collective content of deterritorialization, the artist can be seen as a producer of what Deleuze and Guattari called a “minor literature”.

Auditing poverty? Applied anthropologists and the discourse of development in post-apartheid South Africa

This article debates the opportunities and disadvantages attached to applied anthropology, specifically consultancy linked to development work, within the institutions and processes of the modern neo-liberal state. Located within political and applied anthropology, the article uses insights gained from two projects to assess the impact of development projects on displaced people, and to evaluate the actual process of producing reports. These cases illustrate how anthropologists deal with the conflicting demands of received knowledge (about development) and actual conditions on the ground during research. The paper argues that development outcomes mostly depend on classification, calculation and the displacement of people in order to motivate a particular type of development intervention by the state, and compares this with Foucault's use of “governmentality.” Ultimately, although this method of classification has strengthened the role of the South African state, it has also produced very static conceptions of citizenship, particularly in relation to the provision of housing for informal dwellers.

THE SHORT‐ AND LONG‐TERM EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: EVIDENCE FROM ETHIOPIA

AbstractThis paper examines the short‐term and long‐term impact of development projects on recipients' wellbeing in Ethiopia. Specifically, it compares the effects of five types of development projects—unconditional and conditional direct transfers, agricultural and social‐infrastructure knowledge transfers, and credit projects—on children's nutrition and on household consumption and income levels. The main finding is that knowledge transfers have the largest positive impact on children's nutritional status and household consumption, in both the short and the long term. The impact of direct transfers on children's health is also positive but less significant, whereas the effect of credit projects is here undetectable. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Adaptation to climate change as a development project: A case study from Northern Burkina Faso

The major droughts of the early 1970s and 1980s and the continued climate variability experienced in the Sahel have attracted immense international interest. A plethora of aid organizations and projects have entered the region, particularly the northern areas. In Biidi 2, a small Sahelian village in northern Burkina Faso, development projects began to arrive in the 1970s and 1980s and increased in number in the early 1990s. To understand the impact of development projects in the village, we take our theoretical point of departure in the critical development literature. By way of ethnographic fieldwork we show that the importance of projects in Biidi 2 is often unrelated to their aims and that local participation does not entail a negation of but rather an almost complete compliance with project aims. ‘Partnership’ between development projects and local populations is also seen elsewhere in the Sahel. A number of good explanations for this have been proposed. None have, however, placed this situation in a climate change context. In this article, we explore whether the development ‘partnership’ experienced in Biidi 2 is related to climate variation and conclude that there is a close correlation between climate change, the need to buy food and local participation in development projects.

Determination of Significance of Environmental Impacts of Development Projects: A Case Study of Environmental Impact Assessment of Indrawati-3 Hydropower Project in Nepal

The environmental impacts are commonly quantified in the EIA studies by rating, ranking and scaling. The National EIA Guidelines, 1993, Nepal provides a guideline to score the impacts in terms of magnitude, extent, and duration. This step is commonly known as impact prediction in the EIA process. The predicted scores are multiplied by the weightage value of the resource; likely to be affected. The application of the weightage transforms the predicted values of the impacts into their “significance”—a concept used in the environmental decision making. In other words the significance value entails assignment of relative judgment values to the impacts. The impacts, thus, can ranked based on their significance. The impact ranking is more useful in evaluating the socio-economic impacts. Unlike air, water and noise quality, which can be assessed against established standards; the socio-economic impacts do not have standard scale and are difficult to rank. Importance weighting of socio-economic impacts are commonly determined by the consensus obtained from the interaction with the local people, agencies, NGOs and experts. The impact ranking in the EIA process is unavoidable, firstly to prioritize the urgent environmental issues and design mitigation measures accordingly and also provide coherent linkages among the issues, and plan monitoring and auditing linkage with the proposed mitigation measures. Furthermore, it also provide strong basis of decision making, and thus facilitate the decision makers. The process of impact prediction, determination of significance and ranking were applied in the EIA of Indrwati-3 Hydroelectric Project, which is one of the successful cases of EIA in Nepal. The authors believe that the impacts predicted and quantified through this method are being focussed to more on the local concerns, since it seeks an active involvement of the local people who are likely to be affected.

POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS FOR AN EFFECTIVE EIA SYSTEM IN SUDAN

Assessing the potential impact of development projects in the Sudan dates back to the study of the Equatorial Nile Project conducted in the last century during the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies commenced in the early eighties of the last century with the establishment of the Institute of Environmental Studies in the University of Khartoum. The practice gathered momentum with the recent activities in the oil and roads sectors. Although the practice of (EIA) has only recently been legalized by the passing of the Environment Protection Act of 2001, the performance of EIA is often poor due to flaws in legislative, administrative, institutional and procedural frameworks. Effective implementation of the EIA process in the Sudan requires the institutionalization of the process within the legislative, administrative, political and education system in the country. Special emphasis is needed for the federal system of governance. Other issues include accreditation, sectoral regulations, establishing of a National Centre of EIA for advising the government and for training of human capacities. The paper calls for more involvement of stakeholders via effective popular participation in all steps of EIA. The expected influx of foreign investors following the Comprehensive Peace Accord of 2005 and the concentration of oil reserves in the ecologically rich and sensitive regions, call for an urgent improvement in the legislative, institutional and procedural aspects of the process.

Foreign Aid, Institutions, and Governance in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Introduction More than a decade ago, the World Bank argued that “underlying the litany of Africa’s development problems is a crisis of governance.” Poor quality institutions, weak rule of law, an absence of accountability, tight controls over information, and high levels of corruption still characterize many African states today. Aid levels have been reduced in many parts of Africa during the past decade. Yet in many of the countries with poor governance records, aid continues to contribute a very high percentage of government budgets. This article explores the institutional impact of these high levels of aid and the way that large amounts of aid are delivered. There are many reasons why governance is poor in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Colonialism did little to develop strong, indigenously rooted institutions that could tackle the development demands of modern states. Economic crisis and unsustainable debt, civil wars, and political instability have all taken their toll over the past 2 decades and more. It is difficult to separate the impact of these problems from the possible impact of foreign aid, which is often high in countries that suffer from precisely these problems. Theory provides conflicting guidance here. On the one hand, aid can release governments from binding revenue constraints, enabling them to strengthen domestic institutions and pay higher salaries to civil servants. Aid can provide training and technical assistance to build legal systems and accounting offices. In many countries, aid personnel (sometimes expatriate) manage important government programs, and the infusion of resources and technical assistance can give an important boost to the efficiency and effectiveness of governance, if only in a partial sense. Yet despite these likely benefits, it is also possible that, continued over

Economic Development in Tibet under the People's Republic of China

After 20 years of central government efforts that include generous state subsidies, the Tibet Autonomous Region remains China's poorest administrative unit. Growth rates over the past decade have exceeded the national average, while the average Tibetan is better fed and clothed than in the past. However, development has been extensive, resulting from higher subsidies, rather than intensive. Economic rates of return are low and dropping, raising fears that the TAR is becoming more dependent on external aid. There are also questions about the distribution of benefits between both Han versus Tibetans and urban versus rural dwellers; the impact of development projects on the environment; and their deleterious effects on traditional Tibetan culture.

Impact of Subarnarekha Multipurpose Project on three Singhbhum villages

The impact of development projects on displaced people particularly tribals have been one of the most important concerns in recent times. The paper has assessed the impact of Subarnarekha Multipurpose Project (SMP), in West Singhbhum district of Bihar and is based on a sample study. The paper brings out the problems of the people who have already been uprooted and are in various stages of resettlement and rehabilitation and also of those who are to face eviction in the future. The paper also brings out the feelings of the people that they have been misled, misinformed and cheated and in no way it has been for the benefit of the people.

Gender-sensitive participatory impact assessment: Useful lessons from the Caribbean

In this article, the writer draws on her extensive experience working in community development, with women in the Caribbean, and with using participatory methodology in training and research to examine the issues related to assessing the impact of development projects on men and women. She uses the example of training, research, and evaluation activities carried out with, and undertaken by, people in rural communities to illustrate how gender-sensitive impact assessment can be done.

Assessing the demographic impact of development projects: Conceptual, methodological and policy issues. By A. S. Oberai. (London, Routledge, 1992, pp. 143 £30, hardback.)

Assessing the demographic impact of development projects: Conceptual, methodological and policy issues. By A. S. Oberai. (London, Routledge, 1992, pp. 143 £30, hardback.)