Impact Of Depopulation Research Articles

Promoting age-friendly community of support and care in Japan's aging neighborhood: The Nagayama model

Since 2007, Japan has been experiencing an aging and shrinking population as a consequence of rapid rate of aging and a persistently low birth rate. The impact of depopulation is apparent not only in rural areas, but also in new towns in the urban suburbs mostly built in the 1970 s to house the extensive flow of population to big urban centres. From the case study of a depopulated neighborhood in a new town in Tokyo suburb, this paper examines how the neighbourhood regeneration effort has resulted in a ground-up model of the community-based integrated care system promoting aging in place. Through fieldwork comprising participant observations and interviews, we examine the process and the neighbourhood services established that have led to the so-called ‘Nagayama method’. The involvement of multi-stakeholders from local government, non-profit and business sectors have shown concerted efforts in the care and support of older residents contributing towards a conducive environment for one to age safely and meaningfully in the community. In discussion, the case study is examined with reference to Fallov's concept of the ‘third way’ path in neighborhood regeneration recognizing the significance of local conditions and existing capabilities in contributing to the successful adoption of a ground-up system. By focusing on a depopulated urban neighbourhood through the lens of multi-stakeholders’ efforts in making a difference to the everyday lives of older adults in local community, the study brings attention to diversity in aging environments and implications for policy and practice for the Decade for Health Aging initiative.

The Impact of Depopulation on Reduction of the Peaks of Torrential Floods in Selected Watersheds of the Southeastern Serbia

The processes of emigration, depopulation and deagrarization in hilly-mountainous border areas in Serbia have intensified in last several decades. These processes have resulted in land use changes which means that anthropogenic impact on environment has diminished so the agriculture areas have decreased and have made room to the other land use types. These changes should entail lower soil erosion, slower generation of surface runoff during rainfall episode as well as reduction of the peak discharges and destructiveness of a torrential flood event. In this paper, we quantified the influence of land use changes on surface runoff indicators for 15 watersheds in the Southeastern Serbia. The greatest reduction of the curve number (CNR) happened in the Toplodolska watershed (2.34), then the Korbevačka (1.98) and the Dojkinačka (1.60) watersheds. The decrease of maximal discharge of 100-year return period is presented on example of a small watershed of the Ravna reka and it equals to 11%. It is expected that noticed land use changes will have the same trend, meaning that CN numbers will continue decreasing. Alongside these spontaneous positive anthropogenic impact on lowering the peaks of torrential floods, there should be a set of other preventive measures implemented.

Can Depopulation Stop Deforestation? The Impact of Demographic Movement on Forest Cover Changes in the Settlements of the South Banat District (Serbia)

The key problem of rural settlements in the South Banat district lasted into the 21st century through the spread of depopulated areas. Considering that settlements give a cultural landscape its basic features, that they are the main bearers of functional organization, and the hotspots of geo-spatial transformation, based on quantitative-qualitative indicators this paper analyzes the spatial-demographic determinants of the development of 94 settlements, and the impact of depopulation on the changes in the surrounding forest cover. The time span included in the analytical-statistical research of the demographic components and forest dislocation lasted from 1990 to 2018. Geo-spatial data for forest areas were taken from the Corine Land Cover database. The data obtained were then turned into visual representations, or maps, using the GIS ArcMap 10.8. software. The results indicated that total depopulation has been an ongoing, 30-years process in this area on the one hand, while the forest cover in the depopulated settlements located on the outskirts of the Deliblato sands (a special nature reserve) has decreased, and the forest cover in the depopulated settlements in the zone of the Vršac mountains has increased, on the other. These analyses are useful for obtaining more detailed insight into the state of forested areas in this part of Serbia, which is the least afforested one.

Impact of Depopulation on Political Life and Legitimacy of Unrecognized States (a Case Study of Transnistria)

Impact of Depopulation on Political Life and Legitimacy of Unrecognized States (a Case Study of Transnistria)

Влияние депопуляции на политическую жизнь и легитимность непризнанных государств (на примере Приднестровья)

Rapid depopulation, which affected vast regions of Central and Eastern Europe, has long-term consequences not only for their socioeconomic, but also political development. For the unrecognized polities, the ability to retain the population has become an important criterion for successfully competing with the parent states for the loyalty of citizens, the legitimacy of political regimes and claims to sovereignty. The objective of the paper is to consider the impact of depopulation on the socioeconomic situation and political life of the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria, PMR) in comparison with the Republic of Moldova (RM). On the basis of official statistics, the authors compare the rates, factors and reasons for the population decrease in the PMR and RM. Shown are the consequences of depopulation typical for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and specific for Transnistria and Moldova. The assessment of migration losses in general for these territories and for their regions demonstrates that the population outflow in Transnistria began earlier and was more intensive than from the RM. In Moldova, depopulation intensifies the identity crisis and contradictions between the “Moldovenists” and supporters of unification with Romania, in the PMR— instability of political life, uncertainty of the region's prospects and the growth of a critical attitude towards the authorities.

Ecological consequences of post-Columbian indigenous depopulation in the Andean-Amazonian corridor.

European colonization of South America instigated a continental-scale depopulation of its indigenous peoples. The impact of depopulation on the tropical forests of South America varied across the continent. Furthermore, the role that indigenous peoples played in transforming the biodiverse tropical forests of the Andean-Amazonian corridor before AD 1492 remains unknown. Here, we reconstruct the past 1,000 years of changing human impact on the cloud forest of Ecuador at a key trade route, which connected the Inkan Empire to the peoples of Amazonia. We compare this historical landscape with the pre-human arrival (around 44,000-42,000 years ago) and modern environments. We demonstrate that intensive land-use within the cloud forest before European arrival deforested the landscape to a greater extent than modern (post-AD 1950) cattle farming. Intensive indigenous land-use ended abruptly around AD 1588 following a catastrophic population decline. Forest succession then took around 130 years to establish a structurally intact forest-one comparable to that which occurred before the arrival of the first humans to the continent. We show that nineteenth-century descriptions of the Andean-Amazonian corridor as a pristine wilderness record a shifted ecological baseline-one that less than 250 years earlier had consisted of a heavily managed and cultivated landscape.

The impact of depopulation in urban areas on the development of built-up suburban areas – the case of Poznań and Skórzewo

Abstract The Poznań Conurbation is a place where the suburbanisation process is appearing. The spatial transformation of suburban areas indicates that the application of research-based solutions, which in theory are supposed to reduce unfavourable trends, in practice appears to be a complicated task. Problems that remain unresolved for many years, as well as mistakes that often cancel efforts to solve these problems, are the obvious confirmation of that thesis. An important factor, which affects the poor spatial situation in suburban areas, is the lack of central urban planning indices. Although each municipality that is part of the Poznań Conurbation has its own up-to-date statutory land use policy study and other documents defining the local spatial planning policy, their records frequently contain solutions that are not beneficial to the public interest or sustainable development. Problems that are mentioned in producing them, as well as the unachieved aspirations and needs of space users, contribute to increased criticism of complex urban structures, while the strong position of developers in suburban areas raises the question as to whether the area of land dedicated to new buildings, especially residential ones is not too excessive when compared with current needs. This paper presents the results of research that concerns the relationship between the depopulation of Poznań and the increase of the built-up area in the neighbouring village of Skórzewo, which is a place of massive development of residential buildings and rapidly developing enterprises. The aim of this research is to introduce a tool for a more precise prediction of future spatial development in suburban areas.

Depopulation in rural areas of Dobrudza Region and its impact on the school network

Depopulation is a serious demographic problem. This process gives negative trends in rural areas. Closed schools and students decreased in others. These processes in the Dobrogea area are strongly negative. This article examines these processes in analytical and spatial order. Use the most current statistics data. The main goal is to reveal the causes of depopulation. Also cumulative effect of it on other social processes. Demonstrates the role of the school network to preserve the social fabric of rural areas. On the other hand: the impact of depopulation on the school network. Methods used are: analysis of statistical data, field studies, interviews and personal observations of the authors. Used territories at the level of municipalities. They more accurately and correctly reveal the underlying statistical data

Sytuacja rozwojowa wsi w województwie opolskim w warunkach depopulacji

In 1975 rural areas in the Opolskie Voivodship were inhabited by approx. 559 thous. citizens, i.e. 13.9% more than in 2014. Decrease of population is unequally distributed. Nineteen communes lost more than 20% of their inhabitants and in six among them the decrease exceeded 30% ( up to 36.2%). Only five communes experienced a slight increase of population. According to the demographic prognosis, in 2050 rural areas are expected to be inhabited by approx. 385 thous. people –19.6 % less than now. These changes are going to be a continuation of the already consolidated depopulation processes, which have started about 40 years ago. Such condition distinguishes the Opolskie Voivodship and predestines it to becoming an experimental ground for demographic transformation research and forming of conclusions to counteract the inevitable impact of depopulation. The regional strategy Special Demographic Zone Programme – ‘Opolskie for a family’ does not take into consideration the problem of village vanishing, although the existence of such process is implied by the scale of population decrease. The village vanishing process, depicted by the Wilkow village case study, corresponds with the model of a negative development spiral, formulated in Austria by G. Weber in 2006. This process after occurrence of an triggering factor, e.g. lack of jobs, manifests itself as a sequence of multiple negative feedbacks. The author distinguishes phases of this sequence indicating factors, e.g. financial transfers from job emigration and EU structural funds, which have slowed down the process in the Opolskie Voivodship. Between 2002 and 2012 inhabitants number decrease took place in 3/4 of villages. In 244 villages it exceeded 1% per year. In 1/3 of villages between 2008 and 2013 no flat was built. These numbers depict to what extent villages in the region are endangered by vanishing. In the final parts of this article perspectives of further rural transformations in the region were discussed and a counteract strategy was outlined.

Living on Past Glories and Future Dreams The Effects of Depopulation on Early Modern Urban Development in the Former Castle Town of Kanazawa

AbstractDepopulation of urban areas is a serious issue in twenty-first century Japan, as shown by the recent large-scale amalgamation of municipalities and programmes to combat declining central city areas. However, this is not the first time depopulation has had a significant effect on urban development: the decline in castle towns after the Meiji Restoration of 1868 had profound effects on both urban form and development concepts. Kanazawa, once one of the largest cities in Japan, suffered from an initial and long-lasting drop and then a more insidious decline as its Japan Sea coast location cut it off from the bulk of industrial and trade development. This article uses a two-fold approach to examine depopulation: first, an examination of the physical effects of depopulation based on statistical analysis of pre-war land registers shows the patterns of decline and regrowth throughout the modern period. Second, the impact of depopulation on the city's image of itself is examined through period documents such as council records and local newspapers. The need to regain status through population rank became an overarching goal of the urban leaders, and formed the basis of Kanazawa's reactions to the modern era and eventually towards imperialism.