Impact Of Denial Of Service Attacks Research Articles

Event-Triggered Distributed Secondary Control With Model-Free Predictive Compensation in AC/DC Networked Microgrids Under DoS Attacks.

This article presents an event-triggered distributed secondary control with predictive compensation based on the model-free predictive control under Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks in ac/dc-networked microgrids. First, models of ac/dc networked microgrids in both electric network and communication network are established. On this premise, event-triggered distributed secondary control is proposed to solve the problems of strong communication burden and low-power distribution accuracy. Besides, aiming at the impact of DoS attacks on distributed secondary control, a compensation algorithm based on model-free predictive control is designed to estimate the control variables when the DoS attack occurs, which can improve the control performance and maintain the stable operation without a specific system structure system. Then, the convergence of event-triggered distributed secondary control with the condition of whether DoS attacks happen are analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control is verified on the hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation platform consisting of the RT-LAB simulator, MATLAB/Simulink simulation model, and DSP controller.

Consensus Control of Multiagent Systems Under Switching Topology and Denial-of-Service Attacks

This article studies the consensus problem of multiagent systems (MASs) under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and switching topology. Compared with the previous papers, under the switching topology, the impact of DoS attacks on the MAS is considered, and thus, the difficulty of consensus protocol design is further increased. First, a piecewise resilient consensus protocol is proposed to ensure that the MAS can achieve consensus under switching topology and DoS attacks. Then, by considering the different convergence rates caused by the switching topology in each sleep period of DoS attacks, a piecewise Lyapunov–Krasovskii function is established. The sufficient conditions on the global convergence of the system are obtained under switching topology and DoS attacks. In the meantime, the lower bound of average dwell time of the switching topology is determined under DoS attacks. The relationship between average dwell time and the parameters of DoS attacks is discussed. Finally, the simulation example is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Switched-type unknown input observer-based fault-tolerant control for cyber-physical systems in the presence of denial of service attack

The problem of security control for cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is gradually becoming a popular research topic. In the presence of the denial-of-service (DoS) attack, this paper investigates the switched-type unknown input observer-based fault-tolerant control problem for multi-channel CPSs. Firstly, based on the sampling mechanism, a switched-type unknown input observer (SUIO) which can discard the outdated information is designed to obtain state/fault estimations, and converting the estimation error system stability analysis under DoS attack into that under SUIO. Then, to compensate the effect of actuator fault, an SUIO-based fault-tolerant controller is designed. And the input-to-state stability of the CPSs is analyzed. In comparison with the existing UIO studies, this paper considers the case of DoS attack affecting the transmission channel, and the impact of DoS attack on estimation effect can be effectively reduced by introducing the switching mechanism. Finally, based on the simulation results of the given experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated.

A DoS Attack-Resilient Grid Frequency Regulation Scheme via Adaptive V2G Capacity-Based Integral Sliding Mode Control

The latest developments in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology enable electric vehicles (EVs) to participate in frequency regulation (FR), reducing the impact of uncertain power fluctuations in highly penetrated renewable resources. However, the performance of FR is threatened by cyber attacks that compromise control communications. Considering denial of service (DoS) attacks on EV communications, this paper proposes a resilient FR scheme via adaptive V2G capacity-based integral sliding mode control (ISMC). The proposed scheme utilizes ISMC to mitigate uncertain disturbances from renewable resources and loads and the impact of DoS attacks. A periodic event-triggered mechanism (PETM) is integrated into the ISMC to reduce communication burden. Importantly, an adaptive mechanism of V2G frequency regulation capacity (FRC) is proposed in ISMC to adapt to the estimated attack intensity to prevent DoS attacks from further deteriorating FR performance. The proposed adaptive mechanism recommends using a conservative V2G FRC profile to improve FR performance under high-intensity attacks. Two case studies of the IEEE-39 bus system illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed scheme.

H∞ Control for the Nonlinear Markov Networked Control System in the Presence of Data Packet Loss and DoS Attacks via Observer

The H∞ control issue for nonlinear Markov networked control systems in the presence of data packet loss and periodic denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks is researched in this paper. First, two Bernoulli random variables are used to describe the packet loss between sensor to controller and controller to actuator. Considering the impact of DoS attacks, the probability of packet loss is set to be different during the attack sleeping interval and the attack active interval. Secondly, an observer is constructed on the controller side, and a comprehensive mathematical model including packet loss and DoS attacks is established. The sufficient conditions for the stochastic stability of the system are derived by the Lyapunov theory, and the design method of the controller and the minimum disturbance suppression performance index are also provided. Finally, a numerical example is utilized to reveal the applicability of the approach.

An Optimal Combining Attack Strategy Against Economic Dispatch of Integrated Energy System

An optimal attack strategy combining denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and false data injection (FDI) attacks against the economic dispatch of integrated energy system (IES) is proposed in this brief. Firstly, the operation process of the distributed double consensus algorithm (DDCA) under DoS attacks is given, and the impact of DoS attacks on the economic dispatch of IES is qualitatively analyzed. Subsequently, an optimal stealthy DoS attack scheme consisting of the optimal attack sequence and the optimal attacked nodes is proposed. Furthermore, in order to enhance the economic destruction ability of DoS attacks, FDI attacks against measurement devices and communication links, respectively, are employed. The additional FDI attacks can minimize the power valley value in the optimal DoS attack scheme, and the explicit form of the vector to inject initial values is deduced. Finally, the proposed combining attack strategy that can maximize the operating cost is demonstrated by simulation cases on a 39–32 power-heat integrated energy system.

Adaptive event-triggered scheme for load frequency control of smart grid under DoS attacks

This paper studies the load frequency control (LFC) problem of smart grids under aperiodic denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. First, a switching observer model is constructed to deal with the unavailability of system status. Second, an adaptive event-triggered LFC scheme is proposed, which effectively reduces the update frequency of control signals and reduces the impact of aperiodic DoS attacks simultaneously. Third, by considering the impact of DoS attacks and event-triggered mechanisms at the same time, the system is modelled as a switching model. Then, by constructing a suitable piecewise Lyapunov functional, sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the exponential stability of the system with performance. In addition, the joint design method of observer and controller is also developed. Finally, a single-area power system is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

State prediction using LSTM with optimized PMU deployment against DoS attacks

The denial-of-service (DoS) attacks block the communications of the power grids, which affects the availability of the measurement data for monitoring and control. In order to reduce the impact of DoS attacks on measurement data, it is essential to predict missing measurement data. Predicting technique with measurement data depends on the correlation between measurement data. However, it is impractical to install phasor measurement units (PMUs) on all buses owing to the high cost of PMU installment. This paper initializes the study on the impact of PMU placement on predicting measurement data. Considering the data availability, this paper proposes a scheme for predicting states using the LSTM network while ensuring system observability by optimizing phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement. The optimized PMU placement is obtained by integer programming with the criterion of the node importance and the cost of PMU deployment. There is a strong correlation between the measurement data corresponding to the optimal PMU placement. A Long-Short Term Memory neural network (LSTM) is proposed to learn the strong correlation among PMUs, which is utilized to predict the unavailable measured data of the attacked PMUs. The proposed method is verified on an IEEE 118-bus system, and the advantages compared with some conventional methods are also illustrated.

Impact of Denial-of-Service Attack on Directional Compact Geographic Forwarding Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Directional Compact Geographic Forwarding (DCGF) routing protocol promises a minimal overhead generation by utilizing a smart antenna and Quality of Service (QoS) aware aggregation. However, DCGF was tested only in the attack-free scenario without involving the security elements. Therefore, an investigation was conducted to examine the routing protocol algorithm whether it is secure against attack-based networks in the presence of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. This analysis on DoS attack was carried out using a single optimal attacker, A1, to investigate the impact of DoS attack on DCGF in a communication link. The study showed that DCGF does not perform efficiently in terms of packet delivery ratio and energy consumption even on a single attacker.

Impact of DoS Attack in Software Defined Network for Virtual Network

A virtual network is a computer network which does not contain any physical link between two computational nodes instead they connect through the virtual links. In recent years the virtual network is managed by Software Defined Network (SDN). SDN is one of the most emerging network technologies in the current trends. Most of the companies configure their networks in SDN. It has been found important to understand the security issues that are being raised in any large scale developments from any new technologies that have been raised in recent years. Though the system acquires lot of benefits from SDN the system have to do some little work in security phase. This work confers four kinds of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks that are specific to networks in the OpenFlow SDN in different layers. Those attacks are Ping of Death, HTTP Unbearable Load King, SYN flood and Smurf attack. We introduced these attacks in SDN. These have been emulated on Mininet and an analysis is provided that was obtained on the consequence of these attacks. The DoS attack that is more severe than others has been found out and a suitable prevention techniques for that DoS attack is suggested.