Impact Of Coronavirus Infections Research Articles

Management of Allergic Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

In addition to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is another pandemic on Earth, which is inexorably gaining momentum. The World Health Organization has called the XXI century the “century of allergy”. An increase in morbidity is recorded everywhere (up to 40 % of patients), every third inhabitant of the planet suffers from allergic rhinitis and every tenth — from asthma. Currently, it is known that allergic reactions are observed in 0.2–20.4 % of patients with coronavirus infection. Allergic symptoms in those infected with coronavirus manifest themselves in different ways and can serve as markers of the severity of the disease. This article provides information about the possible impact of coronavirus infection on the course of the most common allergic conditions, such as bronchial asthma and urticaria. The search for publications was carried out in Russian and English in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary.ru and “CyberLeninka” from January 1, 2019 to April 1, 2023, using keywords: “bronchial asthma”, “urticaria”, “COVID-19”, “coronavirus infection”. In accordance with the inclusion criteria, 29 studies have been included in the review. The results of a systematic analysis of the literature are presented, with a description of the pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical aspects. The data obtained can serve as a basis for a more in-depth understanding of the role of atopy as a premorbid background for infectious diseases during a pandemic.

Поражение сердца у юных элитных спортсменов, перенесших COVID-19

The impact of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) on cardiac output in underage athletes is uncertain. The study was aimed to determine heart disease in young elite athletes having a history of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). A retrospective analysis of the results of the developed three-phase medical assessment of 236 elite athletes aged 14–17 (16 ± 1), who had had SARS-CoV-2 infection, was performed. The first phase of assessment involved examination, ECG, ECHO, bicycle ergometry (BEM), creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB tests. During the second phase 22 athletes (9.3%) underwent a more thorough assessment that included Holter monitoring (HM) with heart rate turbulence (HRT), microvolt T–wave alternans (MTWA), heart rate variability (HRV) estimation, high-resolution ECG (HRECG), determination of myocardial damage biochemical markers (troponin, NТproBNP) due to alterations revealed. Seven athletes (32%) having alterations revealed during this phase were referred to gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (the third phase). Myopericarditis was diagnosed in four cases (1.7% of 236) based on the results. Thus, low (below 2%) myocardial involvement has been revealed in young elite athletes, who have a history of SARSCoV-2 infection. Cardiovascular assessment algorithm has been developed for such athletes. Detection of cardiac arrhythmias by ECG, BEM, and HM is the most informative. HRECG, HRV, HRT, and MTWA can be used as additional methods to determine indications for MRI as a gold standard of the diagnosis of myocarditis.

Ten-year incidence and impact of coronavirus infections on incidence, etiology, and antimicrobial resistance of healthcare-associated infections in a critical care unit in Western Qatar.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in critical patients affect the quality and safety of patient care as they impact morbidity and mortality. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the incidence rate was reported worldwide. We aim to describe the incidence of HAI in the intensive care unit (ICU) during a 10-year follow-up period and compare the incidence during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. A retrospective observational study of HAI in the medical-surgical ICU at The Cuban Hospital was conducted. The data collected include the annual incidence of HAI, its etiology, and antimicrobial resistance, using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions, except for other respiratory tract infections (RTIs). A total of 155 patients had HAI, of which 130 (85.5%) were identified during COVID-19. The frequency of device-associated infections (DAI) and non-DAI was higher during COVID-19, except for Clostridium difficile infections. Etiology was frequently related to species of Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas in both periods, and a higher frequency of Acinetobacter, Enterococcus, Candida, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was noted during the COVID-19 period. Device utilization ratio increased by 10.7% for central lines and 12.9% for ventilators, while a reduction of 15% in urinary catheter utilization ratio was observed. DAI incidence was higher during the COVID-19, with a 2.79 higher risk of infection (95% CI: 0.93-11.21; p < 0.0050), 15.31 (2.53-625.48), and 3.25 (0.68-31.08) for CLABSI, VAP, and CAUTI, respectively. The incidence of DAI increased during the pandemic period as compared to the pre-pandemic period, and limited evidence of the impact on antimicrobial resistance was observed. The infection control program should evaluate strategies to minimize the impact of pandemics on HAI.

STATE OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AFTER COVID-19 (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The first case of a coronavirus infection called SARS CoV-2 and the disease caused by this virus, COVID-19, was recorded on December 8, 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. On December 31, 2019, a death from a respiratory disease of unknown origin was registered and reported to WHO. The outbreak of this infection has reached pandemic proportions.&#x0D; Information available in the available literature about the impact of coronavirus infection on the female and male reproductive system is limited and contradictory.&#x0D; Research rationale. That the available data on the effect of SARS-CoV 2 on the female and male reproductive system are few and contradictory, which requires further study of the problem&#x0D; The purpose of the research. Conduct a systematic analysis of available modern literature on the impact of COVID-19 on the reproductive system of women and men.&#x0D; The materials and methods. The literature analysis was carried out on the basis of available scientific sources of the last years 2019-2023. The search strategy was related articles related to the impact of the transmitted SARS-CoV-2 infection on the female reproductive system by manual search in Pub-Med and Google Scholar databases.&#x0D; Research results. To date, there is no reliable data on the infection of ovarian tissue and endometrium, which affects oogenesis, embryo implantation processes, early embryogenesis, pregnancy in natural cycles and DRT programs. When infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the following mechanisms are possible: damage to the female reproductive system: damage to the ovarian tissue with a violation of ovulatory function, damage to the oocytes with the formation of aneuploid oocytes, damage to the endometrium with a violation of the embryo implantation process. In the available sources of literature at the moment, there are no reliable data confirming infection of ovarian tissues or endometrium affecting oogenesis, embryo implantation processes, early embryogenesis, onset of pregnancy in a natural cycle or DRT programs. Long-term follow-up of patients with COVID-19 is necessary to obtain reliable data. On the basis of experimental studies, it is possible to assume the possibility of the SARS CoV-2 virus affecting the reproductive system of a woman as follows: infection of ovarian tissue, violation of ovulatory function, and the formation of infected oocytes with reduced fertilization potential. Infection of oocytes with the SSARS CoV-2 virus affects the female reproductive system in the following ways: infection of ovarian tissues, violation of ovulatory function, formation of infected oocytes with reduced fertilization potential. Infection of oocytes with the SARS CoV-2 virus can contribute to the formation of aneuploid oocytes incapable of fertilization. Infection of the endometrium with the SARS CoV-2 virus can contribute to the disruption of embryo implantation processes. Despite the significant lack of publications on the effects of the SARS CoV-2 virus on the female reproductive organs in the available literature sources, there are more studies on the effects of this virus on the male reproductive system.&#x0D; Conclusions. Understanding the mechanisms of the impact of the SARS CoV-2 virus on the reproductive system will contribute to the development of ways to prevent infertility, reproductive losses and pregnancy complications in women who have experienced COVID-19. It should be noted that the available data on the impact of SARS-CoV 2 on the female and male reproductive system are also few and contradictory, which requires further study of the problem.

The Impact of Coronavirus Infection on Health-Related Quality of Life in Amateur CrossFit Athletes

The aim of this study was to assess how the disease, developing over the course of coronavirus infection, affects the quality of life of athletes practicing amateur sports who are not burdened with comorbidities. The study included 102 amateur CrossFit athletes (54 (53%) women and 48 (47%) men) who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, but were not hospitalized. The training experience of the respondents ranged from 1.5 to 15 years (average: 6.7 ± 3.8 years). The quality of life was assessed with EQ-5D-5L and Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), which was used to assess the quality of life specific to the respiratory system, and the severity of dyspnea was assessed using the MRC questionnaire. The training experience did not differ statistically significantly between men and women (p = 0.595). The quality of life in men according EQ-5D-5L was statistically significantly higher than in the case of women (0.979 ± 0.028 vs. 0.942 ± 0.073 (p < 0.001), respectively), and in EQ-VAS it was significantly higher in men than in women (85.64 ± 10.4 vs. 72.5 ± 19.36 points (p < 0.001)). The assessment of dyspnea by means of mMRC showed its higher intensity in women than in men. The differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.195). In men, a significantly lower result of the quality of life was noted in the CCQ questionnaire: 0.71 ± 0.57 vs. 1.14 ± 0.84 points (p = 0.009). The HRQOL, which surveyed amateur CrossFit after COVID-19, was higher in men than in women. People practicing strength- and strength-endurance-based sports rated their quality of life as the highest. Most of the subjects observed a slight intensification of dyspnea. The findings can be used for future healthcare measures to be applied in the population of CrossFit athletes.

The Impact of Corona Virus Infection on Economy of Russia in General and on Certain Regions of the Country (illustrated by the Krasnodar area)

A great number of enterprises of small and medium business (SMB) and a big variety of company specializations increase competitiveness of economy. A serious drop in the number of micro- and small enterprises in 2020 with a simultaneous increase in the number of medium enterprises testify to the fact that some organizations ceased their work, while others, on the contrary, integrate in order to expand and reach a new level of economic development. As 2020 was marked by the period of the corona virus infection, some organizations took a decision to merge and change their specialization to such area that were supported by the government during the pandemic to continue their business in such a complicated situation thanks to the state aid. In general, a key reason for cutting the number of SMB entities during this period is restrictive measures introduced in 2020 due to the corona virus infection. A lot of enterprises suffered losses during the pandemic and were forced to stop working. Recommendations worked out by the author on the basis of research findings can produce a favorable impact on the development of economic potential of small business enterprises.

Impact of coronavirus infection on asthenic syndrome in patients with ischemic stroke

It is known that the presence of asthenic syndrome is characteristic of ischemic brain damage. At the same time, patients with acute cerebral ischemic stroke, who have been diagnosed with a laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infection with a mild and asymptomatic course without signs of damage to other organs, are of particular interest. The aim of the research was to identify and study the severity and duration of asthenic syndrome in patients with ischemic stroke under conditions of the coronavirus infection in order to determine the effect of asthenia on the quality of life in the post-COVID period. The subjects were patients with acute cerebral ischemic stroke with the NIHSS neurological deficit score of 12.0 [9.0;15.0], whose mean age was 58.82±3.29 years [Me=54; Mo=60.0]. The main group (38 people) included patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infection without signs of damage to other organs; the comparison group (31 people) consisted of patients with AMI only, comparable to the main group in all respects, including the set of vascular risk factors. All patients underwent a clinical and neurological examination, an examination by a general practitioner and / or a cardiologist, CT using an angio mode, the MFI-20 questionnaire, A. M. Wein questionnaire, Spielberger and Khanin scale. Quality of life was assessed using a short version of the MOS SF-36‑ltem questionnaire. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out via statistical programs Microsoft Office Excel 2007 (USA) and Statistica for Windows, v. 10.0. It has been established that the coronavirus infection aggravates the course of asthenic syndrome in patients with acute ischemic stroke, has a long-term effect on the recovery process, remains relevant in the post-COVID period, and is accompanied by anxiety and vegetative disorders. Organic symptomatic asthenia largely determines the course of the pathological process, affecting the general condition, performance, social adaptation and, as a result, the quality of life of the patient.

Клінічна та лабораторно-інструментальна характеристика мультисистемного запального синдрому в дітей

Purpose - to improve diagnostics and making multisystem inflammatory syndrome diagnosis in children based on the study of the clinical course and determination of laboratory and instrumental features. Materials and methods. 15 cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children who were hospitalized in the Infectious Diseases Boxed Department No.1 of the Vinnytsya Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital in 2021 were analyzed. Results. The most common symptom was fever. Gastrointestinal disorders (53.33%), neurocognitive and vegetative symptoms (86.67%) were also found in children. Arthralgias, myalgias and pains in the lower extremities were in 33.33% of children, respiratory symptoms - in 20.00% of ones. Almost half of the children had skin rashes at physical examination. Scleritis and conjunctivitis was also noted in the quarter children. Leukocytosis was detected in 8 children (53.33%) in the results of blood count. Majority of children had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. D-dimer was increased in all children. 46.67% of children, according to chest ultrasound had fluid in the pleural cavity up to 7-10 mm, signs of interstitial pulmonary edema, increased echo-signals along the axillary line and the consolidation zone in the middle right lung from 3 mm to 6 mm. 60.0% of children had enlarged liver, spleen, fluid in the abdomen and enlarged multiple mesenteric lymph nodes according abdominal ultrasound. Conclusions. The diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome should be made according to the main criteria. It requires differential diagnosis with a number of infectious and systemic diseases. Prolonged fever and neurocognitive symptoms were the most common symptoms in hospitalized patients. Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders, skin rashes prevailed. Typical laboratory changes were elevated markers of inflammation, evidence of coagulopathy and markers of previous coronavirus infection. Significant features among echosonographic changes were enlargement of parenchymal organs and signs of effusion in the cavities. Child protection from the impact of coronavirus infection should be improved. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Keywords: multisystem inflammatory syndrome, MIS-C, SARS-CoV-2, children.

Особливості перебігу коронавірусної хвороби у вагітних та частота виникнення перинатальних ускладнень залежно від ступеня тяжкості захворювання

Purpose - to analyze clinical and laboratory changes in women with mild to moderate coronavirus disease, the frequency of gestational complications depending on the course of the disease. Materials and methods. 120 pregnant women of the main group with coronavirus disease were involved in the clinical and laboratory examination. The control group consisted of 40 women with gestational age from 22 to 41 weeks, whose pregnancy was not complicated by coronavirus disease. The course of the disease and the impact of coronavirus infection on the course of pregnancy were evaluated by the results of general - clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations. Results. The surveyed women underwent treatment in the period from 2021 to 2022 at the Communal Non-profit Enterprise «Kyiv City Center for Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine». The mild course of disease had 48 (40%) pregnant women, the course of coronavirus disease of moderate severity had 72 (60%) pregnant women. Symptoms of coronavirus disease observed in pregnant women: hyperthermia - body t≥37.0oC (85 (70.8%) women), general weakness (103 (85.8%) women), loss of smell and taste (27 (22.5%) women), catarhal phenomena (69 (57.5%) women). Decrease in saturation to 92-94% was noted at 18 (15%) pregnant women. The following complications of pregnancy were observed: the threat of premature birth, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, fetal growth retardation, structural changes in the placenta according to ultrasound examination of the fetus, violation of fetal-placental blood flow I-II centuries. Conclusions. Given the data of the analysis, it is possible to identify certain features of clinical and laboratory manifestations of coronavirus disease. The most common clinical manifestations are hyperthermia and general weakness. Features of changes in laboratory blood parameters are as follows: leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, increased C-reactive protein and D-dimer, decreased activated partial thromboplastin time, increased prothrombin time, increased total fibrinogen. The most common complications in pregnant women with mild to moderate coronavirus disease: the risk of premature birth, structural changes of the placenta and oligohydramnios. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the author. Keywords: coronavirus disease, pregnant women, extragenital pathology, complications of pregnancy.

Estrogen and Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Potential Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19 and Breast Cancer

Owing to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we need to pay a particular focus on the impact of coronavirus infection on breast cancer patients. Approximately 70% of breast cancer patients express estrogen receptor (ER), and intervention therapy for ER has been the primary treatment strategy to prevent the development and metastasis of breast cancer. Recent studies have suggested that selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a potential therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. With its anti-ER and anti-viral combined functions, SERMs may be an effective treatment for COVID-19 in patients with breast cancer. In this review, we explore the latent effect of SERMs, especially tamoxifen, and the mechanism between ER and virus susceptibility.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ОТРАСЛИ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ЛОГИСТИКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПАНДЕМИИ И РОСТА E-COMMERCE

The article traces the chain of factors leading to an increase in delivery rates. A comprehensive description of the transport industry in Russia in the context of a pandemic and accelerated growth of e-commerce, factors influencing the industry, including government actions, is given. Recommendations have been developed to improve the current situation. The prevailing methods of analysis are: construction of analogies, information analysis, synthesis, comparison. An assessment of the impact of coronavirus infection on the situation of the transport industry is given, a comparison with 2019 is made. The current situation of transport in the Russian industry is twofold: traffic volumes are growing, the consequences of the pandemic are being eliminated, at the same time the situation is complicated by the shortage of semiconductors and the tense political situation around Russia. The authors call for more active measures of state support for the industry.

Impact of coronavirus infection on cognitive functions in elderly patients

Impact of coronavirus infection on cognitive functions in elderly patients

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) in COVID-19 Infection and the Role of Cardiac Biomarkers: A Systematic Literature Review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020 [[1]WHO Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation Report-1. Available.https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=20a99c10_4Date: 2020Google Scholar]. The impact of coronavirus infections on the cardiovascular system has been previously documented during the outbreaks of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [[2]Wei J.F. Huang F.Y. Xiong T.Y. Liu Q. Chen H. Wang H. Huang H. Luo Y.C. Zhou X. Liu Z.Y. Peng Y. Acute myocardial injury is common in patients with COVID-19 and impairs their prognosis.Heart. 2020; 106: 1154-1159Crossref PubMed Scopus (116) Google Scholar]. Several diverse cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 have been identified [3Zheng Y.Y. Ma Y.T. Zhang J.Y. Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system.Nature Rev Cardiol. 2020; 17: 259-260Crossref PubMed Scopus (1909) Google Scholar, 4Huang C. Wang Y. Li X. Ren L. Zhao J. Hu Y. et al.Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.Lancet. 2020; 395: 497-506Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (27324) Google Scholar, 5Guo T. Fan Y. Chen M. Wu X. Zhang L. He T. et al.Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).JAMA Cardiol. 2020; 5: 811-818Crossref PubMed Scopus (2366) Google Scholar]. This rapid systematic review aimed to examine the role of cardiac biomarkers in predicting cardiac disease in coronavirus infection and investigate whether the magnitude of raised cardiac biomarkers can be used to predict more severe disease outcomes. A systematic literature review was performed according to PRISMA principles to identify relevant published studies between January 2000 to June 2020. Additionally, we searched Google Scholar for grey literature. The initial search identified 3,665 publications of which 3,515 were excluded. In the 150 included studies, results from 33,805 patients (44.9% female) were included, amongst which there were 3,553 deaths (mortality rate 10.51%). Patients with pre-existing conditions, including hypertension (n=7,425) and diabetes (n=4,980), were more likely to have increased troponin, and were at higher risk of experiencing adverse outcomes, including death. Patients with COVID-19 are at risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This risk is further enhanced in the presence of pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities. Additionally, cardiac biomarkers may have a role in predicting adverse outcomes, including death, in this population.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КОРОНАВИРУСА НА ТУРИСТИЧЕСКИЙ СЕКТОР АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОГО ТУРИЗМА В ПОСТПАНДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРИОД

One of the sectors most affected by the new coronavirus pandemic globally is the tourism sector. Due to the closure of the borders and the suspension of flights, in 2020, four times fewer foreigners and stateless persons visited Azerbaijan compared to 2019. In 2020, the turnover of mutual tourism services decreased by 4.3 times and there was a deficit as a result of the excess of imports over exports of tourism services. The crisis has caused serious economic losses not only in the tourism sector, but also in other related sectors. This study assesses the authors’ predictions about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism sector and the expected recovery period. Suggestions are made on the changes that will occur in the post-pandemic period and the level of Azerbaijan’s preparedness for it. The study aims to investigate the impact of coronavirus infection on the world economy and the country’s economy, to examine existing problems and current development scenarios. It is also necessary to explore the possibility of using alternative types of tourism during the post-pandemic period. The research methodology is comparative analysis, a systematic approach and statistical analysis. According to analytical results, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism was generalized and the implementation of the measures to be taken in the post-pandemic period for the tourism sector was justified. In order to eliminate the problems caused by the virus, it is necessary to apply a number of new travel rules in the tourism sector, which may apply to the visa regime, vaccinations, and insurance. The necessity to maintain physical distance can also change the organizational form of tourism, and tourism companies may have to switch from mass tourism to individual or small group travel. The State Program on the Restoration and Sustainable Development of the Territories of the Republic of Azerbaijan Liberated from Occupation for 2021–2025 project considers it expedient to give a special role to the development of tourism. In the study, the authors summarized the problems created by the pandemic in the tourism sector, analyzed various scenarios for the future development of tourism, made a number of proposals for travel companies in the post-pandemic period. The potential of alternative types of tourism was investigated and appropriate proposals were made for the development of tourism in the territories liberated from occupation.

Влияние коронавирусной инфекции на уровень безработицы

Влияние коронавирусной инфекции на уровень безработицы

Влияние коронавирусной инфекции на мировую экономику

Влияние коронавирусной инфекции на мировую экономику

ВПЛИВ НОВОЇ ЕПІДЕМІЇ КОРОНАВІРУСНОЇ ПНЕВМОНІЇ НА МІЖНАРОДНІ ВІДНОСИНИ

The article considers the theoretical aspects of the impact of coronavirus infection on the international economic structure, outlines the methods of functioning of the advanced states of the world in the context of solving the epidemiological problem. The essence of globalization factors of the economy in the process of formation of international relations in the context of care for the life and health of the population, as well as in the field of environmental security of world powers. Recommendations for improving modern international economic relations in the situation of the spread of the epidemic are proposed and ways to improve the international mechanism of health care management are modeled.