Impact Of Compatibility Research Articles

A Comprehensive Review of Coptidis Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex Drug Pair and Their Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Effects and Pharmacokinetics Analysis.

Herbal pairs are unique combinations of two relatively fixed herbs that are used in clinical practice. This is the most fundamental and straightforward form of multiple herbal treatment that aims to attain specific efficacy through unique methods. Coptidis Rhizoma ("Huanglian" in Chinese) and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex ("Houpo" in Chinese) which are commonly used in combination and could also be used as important components of other prescriptions to treat damp-heat dysentery, splenic and stomach disorders, and qi stagnation in clinical practice. However, there is currently no summary on the compatibility of Huanglian and Houpo about traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activity. It was found the combination or separate extraction of the two drugs may affect the main active components, and new components may be produced after the combined extraction. At the same time, Huanglian and Houpo herb pair exhibited antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and other pharmacological effects. At present, research mainly focuses on the indicator components of Huanglian and Houpo, such as berberine, magnolol, and magnolol. The models used for pharmacological validation are limited, mainly including ulcerative colitis, pneumonia, bacterial infections, etc. In order to verify the pharmacological activity of the combination of Huanglian and Houpo, it is necessary to try more in vitro and in vivo models. It's still need to study the compatibility mechanism of the Huanglian and Houpo drug pair, including but not limited to the interactions between different components and the impact of compatibility on efficacy, bioequivalence studies, and the impact of different dosage forms on pharmacokinetics in the future. It's believed that the systematic review provided comprehensive information for the study of Huanglian-Houpo drug pair, which will help highlight the importance of the Huanglian-Houpo herb pair and provide some clues for future research on this herb pair.

The impact of compatibility on innovation in markets with network effects

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the relationship between compatibility and innovation in markets with network effects using a model of competition with endogenous R&D, commercialization and compatibility. Compatibility is a mutual decision between firms and demand is partially dependent on overall consumption across compatible networks. Incumbent acquisition of an innovation or profit from entry provides entrepreneurs with an incentive for developing technological improvements and entrepreneurs receive greater returns if larger incumbents offer compatibility with their installed base. But for sufficiently weak network effects a large incumbent increases demand for its own product by denying compatibility to rivals. As a result, a credible threat of incompatibility reduces the entrepreneur's reserve to sell an innovation, but can also increase offers from smaller incumbents to acquire the innovation if it also avoids an incompatibility response from a larger incumbent. In response, entrepreneurs adjust their research effort in order to target a favourable compatibility regime that maximizes profit from entry or offers to acquire the innovation from incumbents. This leads to a complex relationship between the strength of network effects, innovation incentives, the entrepreneur's ambition for improvement and potentially disrupting the compatibility regime.

تقییم الغلاف الخارجی للمبانی السکنیة فی مدینة نجران السعودیة من منظور بیئی

The trend towards environmental designs that contribute in reducing energy consumption and adapting to the environment is a major challenge for city planners, architects and all members of the community, so that most of the world is going to re-evaluate the current and future status of buildings and their suitability to the surrounding environment. Residential buildings in Najran are an important part of the city's built environment. The neglect of the environmental dimension in the design of the outer envelope of this type of buildings is the reason for increasing energy consumption and distortion of the visual image of buildings. The main reason for this is often incorrect decisions in handling the environmental and social aspects of this type of building. The study aims mainly at studying the design of the outer envelope of residential buildings in Najran city and its suitability to the surrounding environment in order to improve the internal environment of the residential spaces. This is done by assessing the outer envelope of these buildings environmentally and socially; to identify the most important problems faced, and to propose and evaluate treatments; to come up with a number of recommendations that will help the designer in making future decisions; in addition to providing treatments that improve the status. To achieve a better residential environment and the impact of compatibility with the environment in which they are located; Using the analytical approach and field visits through which the current situation is analyzed and evaluated

SMEs' tax compliance costs and IT adoption: the case of a value-added tax

The objective of this study is to examine the factors behind the adoption of a tax-compliant accounting system among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using the technological–organizational–environmental (TOE) framework, particularly the role of tax compliance costs in fostering the adoption of this system. This study makes a novel contribution by attempting to link the influence of tax compliance costs to the information technology (IT) adoption literature. Questionnaires were distributed to 401 SMEs, and data were analyzed using partial least squares. The results suggest that the TOE framework is useful for examining factors that affect SMEs' IT adoption decisions; the influence of perceived compatibility, complexity, relative advantage, and mimetic and regulatory pressure is important for the adoption of a value-added tax (VAT)-compliant accounting system. Moreover, the impact of compatibility, learning from external sources, and perceived coercive pressure on the adoption of a VAT-compliant accounting system is moderated by tax compliance cost.

Optimal privatization policy in the presence of network externalities

This article explores the optimal privatization policy for industries with network externalities in consumption, such as the telecommunications industry. The optimal degree of privatization depends crucially on the scale of network externality, the degree of compatibility (which, in the telecommunications industry, corresponds to the level of standardization that facilitates compatibility across different networks), and the cost type. A positive network externality will decrease the optimal degree of privatization, providing the rate of increase of marginal cost remains below a threshold. The impact of compatibility on optimal privatization is less straightforward. For instance, if the scale of network externality is low, a higher compatibility will increase optimal privatization if the rate of increase in marginal cost is also low. However, given a high network externality, optimal privatization initially increases, but then decreases as compatibility increases. Furthermore, optimal privatization with complete incompatibility may even be lower than that with complete compatibility.

Impact of compatibility on the organization of mutualistic networks

Distinct relationships such as activation, inhibition, cooperation, and competition are not established independently but in a correlated manner in complex systems. Thus the patterns of one type of interaction may reflect the impacts of other classes of interactions, but its quantitative understanding remains to be done. Referring to the plant-pollinator mutualistic networks, here we propose and investigate the structural features of a model bipartite network, in which the mutualistic relationship between two different types of nodes is established under the influence of the compatibility among the nodes of the same type. Interestingly, we find that the degree distributions obtained for extremely broad compatibility distributions are similar to those for a constant compatibility, both of which deviate from those for the Gaussian compatibility distributions. We present the analytic arguments to explain this finding. Also the dependence of the topological similarity of two nodes on their compatibility is illustrated. We discuss the application of our findings to complex systems.

The Challenge of Compatibility in Systems Planning

This paper was presented at the G-AES Luncheon, NAECON 1970, Dayton, Ohio, May 19, 1970, where Mr. Hansel received the 1970 Pioneer Award (see page 721 of the September 1970 issue of this TRANSACTIONS). The author offers some personal obserivations on the challenge of compatibility in systems planninig with special reference to civil aviation He discusses VOR accuracy and RF spectrum utilization as typical compatibility problems and also as particularly timely and important challenges to planners who seek compatible evolution toward higher performance goals and efficient use of an important and limited natural resource. He notes several lessons to be learned about the challenge of compatibility in systems planning. 1) Major improvements of mature systems can be accomplished with minimum compatibility impact only if we plan and act boldly and early and with a long range perspective. 2) Many years are required to implement a major change in the fixed plant portion of a large system. This gives us time to introduce design changes in newly manufactured subscriber equipments long before any practicable deadline for full system implementation. By deadline time the relatively few older unchanged subscriber equipments still in service will be a minor fraction of the total in service. These remaining older equipments can then either be used without benefit of higher performance, or can be retrofitted or replaced at a cost which is an acceptable price for essential progress. 3) We have an often unrecognized obligation to the future as we plan both new systems and improvements and extensions of existing systems. This is the obligation to plan, from the outset, for progressive evolutionary compatibility, not only with existing equipments, but also with future performance requirements and with efficient use of the RF spectrum. 4) Near term compatibility requirements need not be and must not be permitted to become a deadening and stagnating constraint on future progress.