Impact Of Child Marriage Research Articles

Child Marriage Practices in Nepal: A Case of Kailali District

Child marriage in Nepal, a practice deeply rooted in cultural traditions, poses significant barriers to education and has profound impacts on the health and well-being of young girls, highlighting the urgent need for educational interventions to break this cycle and promote healthier life. The objective of this study was to assess the role of education on child marriage and the impact of child marriage on health in the context of Nepal. Specifically, the research concentrates on gathering information on the health status, education status, perceptions and the role of influencing factors on early marriage. The study used a sequential mixed-method design, including questionnaires completed by 125 women married before 18, two focus group discussions with 20 students (10 boys and 10 girls), and quantitative surveys for statistical analysis. This research shows that the role of education plays an important role before and after child marriage and it shows that society functions as the primary agent of socialization for child marriage. Apart from that, poverty, education, gender discrimination, cultural practice and lack of awareness are some of the factors (preventive measures) of child marriage. This study, therefore, seeks to depict the main components of child marriage pointing out the effect on girls’ health that increased risk for death during childbirth including obstetric fistulas, school dropout and domestic violence. This study concludes with possible strategies and programmes that must be implemented by all the representatives for education, raising awareness about women’s health through government and non-government organizations.

Resilience of Participatory Communication Adolescent Community Communities in the Prevention of Child Marriage in Sukabumi

This research has an urgency that participatory communication resilience can be formed in communities with young ages, namely adolescents who are members of adolescent communities. This research focuses on how resilience is formed in adolescent communities to prevent child marriage in Sukabumi Regency to improve the ability of adolescents and advocate for vulnerable peers trapped in child marriage. This research uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach to explore the experiences of adolescent members of 5 regional children's forums in Sukabumi as research subjects who actively participate in the prevention of child marriage through the Yes I Do program. The results showed that participatory communication of child communities in preventing child marriage in formal and informal peers showed the collaboration of child communities with diverse cross-communities (heteroglacia). In addition to heteroglacia, Wabinar Activities are open dialogue and sharing experiences and knowledge with peers (dialogue) Movie watching and business class activities are a process to unite some of the differences that exist into an understanding about the impact of child marriage (polypony). Youth Camp and Watch Together activities filled by the children's community are a form of fun participatory communication (carnival). The children's community builds meaning, persistence, self-confidence, patience, independence or what is referred to as peer resilience with peer education activities. Resilience in adolescents who are vulnerable to being trapped in child marriage is an important period and affects the basis of adulthood, individual changes and life development.

The Challenges in Maturing the Age of Marriage Among Teenagers in Bandar Village, Pacitan Regency: Reproductive Health Review

The age of marriage is still become a dilemma for Indonesian people, especially for them who live in rural areas with a thick local wisdom. The influence of local wisdom in deciding the marriage is so great in the society so that they do not pay any respect to the regulations that have been made by the government. The impact of child marriage can affect reproductive health, which is largely ignored by society. In fact, reproductive health is one of the factors in achieving the Indonesian government’s goal to have a golden generation in 2045. However, if the society’s knowledge about reproductive health is lacking, will Indonesia really get the golden generation as it dreams of? This research wants to reveal the problems that occur in Indonesian society, especially people who are living in rural areas. Using qualitative methods, this research was conducted through several stages, one of which was literature studies and in-depth interviews. The results of the study show that there are several factors influence the challenges of maturing child marriage, such as local culture of the society, family economic conditions, and lack of knowledge about reproductive health. Due to the lack of knowledge on reproductive health, people experience vulnerability to child marriage, marriage by accident, and end up on dropping out of school. This is an urgent condition that requires serious handling by various parties through collaboration to provide information related to reproductive health and maturing the age of marriage.

Impact of Child Marriage on the Girl-Child in Relation to Target 5 (3) of The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals

Child marriage is a societal quagmire that has been on the front burner at various public discourses in Nigeria for some time. Despite the fact that child marriage and betrothal are prohibited by National legislation, the socio-cultural practice and religious backing of the issue in some sections of Nigeria make it a necessary evil which continues to stare us in the face. This societal ill persists despite local and international attempts (Sustainable Development Goals and Millennium Development Goals) at curbing this menace aimed at the girl child. Early child marriage grossly and negatively affects the education process of the young girl and the economic wellbeing, advancement and development of any country where child marriages are being practised. This paper looks at the impact of early child marriages on the girl child and how this phenomenon grossly affects the girl child while making recommendations to assuage the situation.

Empowerment of Health Cadres to Prevent Child Marriage

Indonesia is the country with the highest child marriage after Cambodia. In addition, West Java Province has the highest absolute number of child marriages in Indonesia (273,300 child marriages). In addition, it also ranks first nationally for out-of-school children at the elementary, junior high, and high school/vocational school levels. Health cadres do not understand their duties and roles in reducing MMR, one of which is knowledge about the impact of child marriage. This activity aims to increase the knowledge and attitudes of health cadres through health education and to empower the potential of existing communities to prevent child marriage. This activity with Preparing, Participatory Programming, Reinventing Assets, Designing, Communicating, Implementing, and Evaluating. Results: The number of cadres who participated in counseling was 25 people. The potential that exists is the presence of midwives and community leaders. Youth of as many as 450 people, 20 children who dropped out of school had elementary school education, 18 had junior high school diplomas, and 4 cases of early marriage. Based on the SWOT analysis, Pondok Rajeg Kelurahan is in quadrant II which requires strategic diversification. Evaluation of activities revealed from the results of the Willcoxon test that there was an effect of health education using early marriage flyers on knowledge p-value = 0.002 (p-value <0.05) and attitude p-value = 0.002 (p-value <0.05 ). Health cadres understand one of their roles and duties from the influence of leaflets on increasing knowledge and positive changes in cadre attitudes to address the problem of early marriage. In addition, their commitment to implementing early marriage prevention and its impact.

Child Marriage and Its Impacts on the Education of Girls in the Rural Gambia: Focus on Niani District

Twenty-one percent of young women married before the age of eighteen. Approximately 650 million girls and women are married before their 18th birthday (UNICEF, 2020, 2021). States member of the United Nations, through its Sustainable Development Goals, has committed to ending child marriage globally through laws, legislation, and other means. Though the practice of child marriage is declining globally, it remains prevalent in Africa and Asia, particularly in the Gambia. This study looks at the impact of child marriage on girls' education in rural Gambia and the factors that encourage it. The researchers conducted qualitative case study research through documentation, Focus Group discussion (FGD), observation, and interviews to collect data. The study's findings indicate that child marriage has negative impacts on girls' education in rural Gambia. This reveals the fact that the percentage of girls enrolled in schools, especially high school, is lower than boys. Girls also face more difficulties than boys to complete, retain and transit to secondary or higher education. This leaves them with no future and excludes them from social or economic advantages. The factors that encourage child marriage are included: religion, poverty, culture, lack of meaningful opportunity, older men's desire for younger women to marry, and the failure of law enforcement. These factors mentioned repeatedly perpetuate the practice of child marriage, and undermine the educational opportunities for the majority of girls in the Niani district of Gambia. Therefore, the researchers recommend that the Gambian government enforce the existing laws and regulations to protect children’s fundamental rights and put into practice the necessary regulations on the prohibition and elimination of this phenomenon.

Child Marriage within the Sea Tribe of Kelumu Island: Issues and Problems

Sea Tribe is a group of indigenous people on Kelumu Island entrenched in the practice of child marriage. This study aims to analyze the law’s implementation on marriage and its impacts on the marine tribal community of Kelumu Island using empirical/socio-legal research methods. Furthermore, the primary legal data used are the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage, 35 of 2014, and Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection, and Number 20 of 2003 on Marriage, Child Protection, and National Education System. The Theory of Legal Effectiveness by Soerjono Soekanto was also used. The results showed that the implementation of the marriage law in the Sea Tribe community of Kelumu Island has not yet been classified as adequate. The implementation of the marriage law in the marine tribal community is classified as ineffective when measured by Soerjono Soekanto’s Theory of Legal Effectiveness. This is due to the weakness of several existing factors, namely legal factors, law enforcement, infrastructure, maturity and local communities. Meanwhile, the impact of child marriage is the loss of the children’s right to education and health.

The Reconstruction of Aisyah’s Marriage Age as a Resolution For Child Marriage Practices Phenomenon

The Reconstruction of Aisyah’s Marriage Age as a Resolution For Child Marriage Practices Phenomenon. The marriage of Aisyah bint Abu Bakr at a young age with the Prophet Muhammad is often used to legitimize the permissibility of marrying small children in the Islamic world. This is what makes the practice of child marriage difficult to eradicate in Muslim-majority countries. This study aims to see how the impact of child marriage on children, the efforts of Muslim scientists in eradicating the practice of child marriage through the reconstruction of Aisyah's marriage age as well as the government's efforts to eliminate the practice of child marriage during the pandemic. This study is library research using a qualitative approach. The results show that Aisyah's marriage at the age of 6 years was not relevant to the existing evidence. Second, it is true that Aisyah bint Abu Bakr married the Prophet Muhammad at a very young age of 9 or 10 years, but that age was considered appropriate for marriage in the cultural context of people around the world at that time. Third, the government's action to increase the age of marriage to 19 years for men and women is something that is in line with the objectives of Islamic law (maqāshid al-sharī'ah). Based on these findings, the practices of early child marriage should be prevented, and even prohibited because it is against Islamic Law.

Child marriage and its association with morbidity and mortality of under-5 years old children in Bangladesh.

Child marriage is a significant social and health concern in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This harmful practice violates children's rights and continues to be widespread across developing nations like Bangladesh. This study investigated the mortality trend among Bangladeshi children and the impact of child marriage on under-5 children morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. A sample of 8,321 children under-5 years old was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques collected from the recent 2017-18 BDHS data. Chi-square test and logistic regression (unadjusted and adjusted) were used to determine the influence of covariates on the target variable. Results revealed that child mortality was significantly higher among children whose mothers married at an early age than their counterparts. Although the general trend in the prevalence of different childhood mortality in Bangladesh was declining gradually from 1993 to 2018, it was still high in 2018. Also, marriage after 18 years lessens likelihood of diarrhea (adjusted OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.76-1.16) and cough (adjusted OR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.78-1.17) among children. Furthermore, findings reveal that likelihood of different child mortality is higher among early married women. Immediate intervention through rigorous enforcement of policies and different programs to raise the age at marriage and by lessening socioeconomic disparities can combat the prevalence of high morbidity and mortality of under-5 years old children. Findings from this study will be helpful to accelerate strategies for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to child and maternal health by 2030.

Child Marriage Solution Model

This research aimed to describe the solution model for child marriage. This research took place in Malang Regency. The subjects in this research were married couples who married at the age of children, parents from the woman’s side (wife), and community leaders. Research data obtained through observation and in-depth interviews, then analyzed with interactive techniques. The impact of child marriage that occured in Malang Regency caused the family to not function properly, so a solution was needed to overcome it. “Gerakan Sadar Kespro” was a solution model for the phenomenon of child marriage by integrating education, health, counseling, and life skill development services. “Gerakan Sadar Kespro” was implemented in two stages of intervention, including prevention intervention and intervention on the impact of child marriage. Integration of education and health services was a preventive strategy to prevent the practice of child marriage. At the stage of the impact on child marriage, the integration between counseling services and the development of life skills was in the domain of curative strategies for perpetrators of child marriage and their parents.

Pilih Sekolah atau Nikah? Self Awareness dan Edukasi Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak di Desa Cinangneng, Kabupaten Bogor

The child marriage rate is quite high above 40% during the 2019 period in Bogor Regency. This community service aims to educate school-age children to have an awareness that education is important for their future. Children should be given sufficient knowledge about the impact of child marriage which does not guarantee a better future for them. The impact of child marriage is the threat to reproductive health due to giving birth at a young age. The method of implementing the service is face-to-face, giving directions, counseling and simulations to school-age children who are vulnerable to child marriage and asking questions and exploring their opinions about child marriage and education so that it is expected that self-awareness will arise on the importance of education and delaying marriage at a young age. The results of this service activity show that school-age children are able to understand the material presented by the speaker and know that education is important for their future. This can be seen from the questions submitted by the participants and the presence of community leaders who support the importance of education.
 Keywords: Child, School-age Children, Child Marriage, Self Awareness

Determinants and Impact of Child Marriage on the Bride in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze variables thought to be determinants and effects of child marriage on the bride.The design of this study was a case-control study. The number of samples was 116 brides consisting of 58brides married at age <18 years old as a case group and 58 brides who got married at age> 18 years old as acontrol group. There were 23 variables thought to be determinants and nine variables suspected as the impactof child marriage. The variables that were significantly associated with child marriage were 1) the ethnicof the bride, 2) father’s education, 3) mother’s education, 4) the occupational of the bride, 5) education ofthe bride and 6) the purpose of marriage was to lived happily (psychological). While the variables that weresignificantly affected the child marriage were: 1) the bride’s education and 2) the purpose of marriage wasto lived happily (psychological). Variables that significantly to the impact of child marriage were women’sindependence or women’s autonomy. The determinants of child marriage were the bride’s education, andthe purpose of marriage was to lived happily (psychological). The impact of child marriage was women’sautonomy.

Dispensasi Perkawinan Anak Setelah Adanya Perma Nomor 5 Tahun 2019

Ratification of Law Number 16 of 2019 which regulates increasing the minimum age of a person to get married is an attempt to prevent child marriage. Because child marriage is a violation of children’s right. However child marriage still often happen in Indonesia and still many parents who apply marriage dispensation with an urgent reason. But in the practice, there is no specific regulation about this marriage dispensation there is no equality in adjudicating dispensation of marriage. This article use normative judicial research metodhs and use statute approach. The purpose of this research is to find answers about how the impact of child marriage on children’s right and analyze about judge’s consideration in adjudicating child marriage dispensation after there is Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019. Based on the results of this research were found that child marriage make children difficult to get their rights. Because they have new responsibility to take care of their marriage life. Eventhough there was a regulation that regulate about child’s right but it’s implementation not maximal yet, especially for who married in the child age. Then now regulation about marriage dispensation has been specially regulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 about guidelines for adjudicating applications for marriage dispensation that can used for every judge in the court which prioritize the best interests of child principle.

Impact of child marriage on nutritional status of women from suburban and urban areas of West Bengal

Background: Child marriage is a substantial barrier to social and economic development of a country and a primary concern for women’s health. In West Bengal, the practice of early marriage is still running especially in Muslim community. The present study was aimed to find out the impact of child marriage on nutritional status of mother in terms of BMI.Methods: 117 Muslim women from both North and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal were studied. All of them were from economically lower middle class group. Height, weight, age, age at marriage, age at 1st child birth, number of children, family income and other information were recorded.Results: During the study, the average age of 117 Muslim women was 28.4±3.7 years with a range of 21-41. Average age was 18.0±1.9 years when the Muslim women got married. 83.6% women who got married in childhood were in underweight category of which 15.8% were in severe thinness category. But 86.9% women who got married after 18 year were in normal weight category. Only 5.3% women of this group were in underweight category.Conclusions: Thinness of the mother was might be due to marriage before 18 year. Thus from the above study it could be concluded that child marriage had a negative impact on mother’s nutritional status in terms of BMI.

Girls should be Girls: The Impact of Child Marriage on Human Development

Child marriage is a violation of Human Rights and an impediment to social and economic development, it is strongly rooted in gender inequality. In Brazil, this practice has a predominantly informal and consensual quality, they often involve adult men married to girls in early puberty. The objective of this study is to synthesize the literature on the impact of child marriage on the most diverse indicators of human development - such as education, labor market, health, fertility, violence and female empowerment. In summary, the literature reveals that child marriage has a negative impact on these indicators, and this corroborates the urge to eliminate this phenomenon, which will ensure women’s right to a full economic and social life.

Working with Married Girls: the Experiences of Ghanaian Professionals on the Causes, Impact, and Interventions Pertaining to Child Marriage

The prevalence of child marriage in Ghana has declined over the past decade. This may be due to the efforts of organizations working to curb the practice. This paper presents the perceptions of nine staff of governmental and non-governmental organizations in the Northern Region of Ghana who work to prevent and reduce the impact of child marriage in practicing communities. Participants were purposively and conveniently sampled and engaged in a focus group discussion on their perceptions of child marriage and experiences in working with married girls. Analysis of data revealed that child marriage was perceived to be caused by lack of parental control, in addition to other child-driven and sociocultural factors. Findings also indicated that interventions were being implemented at the primary and secondary intervention levels. The challenges that prevent the success of those interventions and recommendations for improving the intervention for the community and affected girls are discussed.

EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION WITH THE PLAYING SNAKES AND LADDERS METHOD TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF ADOLESCENT ABOUT THE IMPACT OF CHILD MARRIAGE

Background: Child marriage is a marriage carried out through civil, religious or customary law, and with or without official registration of records, where one or both partners are children under the age of 18 (BKKBN, 2017). Child marriage in Indonesia is ranked seventh in the world (UNICEF EAPR, 2017).
 Objective: To determine the effect of health education on adolescent knowledge about the impact of child marriage in SMP N 2 Paliyan Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta
 Methods: Pre-experimental research design with the One Group Pretest Posttest Technique. The population in this study were Paliyan SMP N 2 students totaling 106 people.The number of respondents was 33 people. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. With bivariate data analysis using paired t test.
 Results: The results showed that the average knowledge before being given health care was 13.03, SD 2.11 and 95% CI with lower 12.28 and upper 13.78. After being given a penkes, the results obtained were an average of 14.45, SD 1.25 and 95% CI with lower 14.01 and upper 14.90. An increase in the average knowledge before and after being given health education is 1.42.
 Conclusions: There is an influence of health with the method of playing snakes and ladders to the knowledge of adolescents about the impact of child marriages in SMP N 2 Paliyan Gunungkidul Yogyakarta, proven by the p value of 0,000 <α = 0.05. Health education for adolescents using the snake and ladder play method on the effects of child marriages has an effect on increasing knowledge, with an increase in mean or average knowledge before and after health care is given is 1.42.
 

Impact of child marriage on nutritional status and anaemia of children under 5 years of age: empirical evidence from India

ObjectiveDespite several international commitments and national policies to eliminate the practice of girl child marriage, it remains pervasive in India. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between child marriage and nutritional status and anaemia in children aged below 5 years. Study design and methodsWe have used the data from the latest round of the Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS), conducted in 2015–2016. For this study, the sample was limited to 80,539 living children aged below 5 years born to 60,003 ever-married women aged 15–24 years. We have considered children's stunting, wasting, underweight and anaemia as outcomes variables and child marriage (married below 18 years) as the exposure of variables of interest. Pearson's Chi-squared test and binary logistic regressions were applied to assess the associations. ResultsAbout 58% of sample women were married before 18 years of age. The prevalence of children's stunting, wasting and underweight were 37%, 23% and 36%, respectively. More than half of the sample children (62%) were anaemic. Regression analysis revealed that child marriage (<18 years) was significantly associated with increased likelihood of stunting (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.10) and underweight (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00–1.08) even after controlling for relevant confounding variables. Child marriage had no significant association with children being wasted and anaemic in crude analyses. However, it is found that child marriage significantly increases the risk of childhood anaemia in adjusted analyses (AOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.03–1.13). ConclusionsThe findings of our study suggest that there is a need for effective policies and programmes to end the practice of child marriage and targeted intervention should be made to improve nutritional outcomes of children born to women married in childhood.

Socio-Culture Impact of Child Marriage in Red Sea State

The research aims to highlight cultural values and norms that are impeding practices related to child marriage in Red Sea State. The paper focuses on the concept and analytical approach to assess child marriage as one form of the various forms of marital relations. The paper analyzed the interaction relationship between early marriage practices in certain RSS localities with local community perceptions and traditional beliefs. The methodology to achieve the objectives were based on descriptive analytic approaches based on interviews, case studies and questionnaires for households in three localities namely, Sinkat, Haya and Toker. Research for early marriage are linked to the desire of relatives to preserve wealth, purity and fear of shame which girls may be subjected to with delayed marriage. It is seen as simple, non costly marriage which goes hand in hand with other values of rural areas. The impact of early marriage on social and cultural fabric was not clearly understood by locality inhabitant as 60% of the society reflected positively on the advantages of the phenomena. Fifty nine percent of the questionnaire recipient advocate that suitable marriage age is 12-18 years. The after-effects of early marriage on health and death during pregnancy are thought to decrease with education and nutrition. Evidence from localities reflect that women empowerment is low and as a consequence, social development factors are also affecting cultural fabric.

Child Marriage, Education, and Agency in Uganda

ABSTRACTThis contribution relies on four different approaches and data sources to assess and discuss the impact of child marriage on secondary school enrollment and completion in Uganda. The four data sources are: (1) qualitative evidence on differences in community and parental preferences for the education of boys and girls and on the higher likelihood of girls to drop out of school in comparison to boys; (2) reasons declared by parents as to why their children have dropped out of school; (3) reasons declared by secondary school principals as to why students drop out; and (4) econometric estimation of the impact of child marriage on secondary school enrollment and completion. Together, the four approaches provide strong evidence that child marriage reduces secondary school enrollment and completion for girls with substantial implications for agency.