Reviewed by: American Picturebooks from Noah's Ark to the Beast Within Joyce A. Thomas Bader, Barbara . American Picturebooks from Noah's Ark to the Beast Within. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1976. Published five years ago (and reviewed in an earlier ChLA Quarterly), Barbara Bader's American Picturebooks remains one of the best books of its type on children's literature. In some respects, as its title indicates, it is the definitive work, with Bader's subject being limited to one particular genre of children's literature and one particular country. Though not a misnomer, the title can be somewhat misleading: the American Picturebook cannot be treated as an isolated phenomenon, and Bader extends her survey to include foreign backgrounds and influences. Likewise, "picturebooks" undoubtedly calls forth different definitions from different readers, and it is the broadest of such definitions which Bader employs—a veritable potpourri of works ranging from wordless, alphabet and concept books to those designed for beginning readers and children of middle elementary school age. Every conceivable type of picturebook is covered, both fiction and non-fiction; every conceivable medium finds its representation and reproduction somewhere within these 615 pages. Given the broad scope and intent of American Picturebooks, the treatment afforded any one category of picturebook is necessarily of a summary nature. Thus the prospective reader should be forewarned that she might be frustrated by Bader's study—it all depends upon what one is looking for. The work is neither particularly incisive nor critical, but what it does offer is a comprehensive, extensive survey of the history of American picturebooks, with attention paid to twentieth century publishing trends and technology, the ongoing transformation of book design and media techniques, and the works of various illustrators. All of these subjects are well served by Ms. Bader. Of special interest are the separate chapters devoted to individual illustrators. These sections permit a somewhat more sharply focused view of the works, type, techniques and, in some cases, artistic growth of such popular illustrators (and authors) as Wanda Gag, Helen Sewell, Roger Duvoisin, Jean Charlot, "Dr. Seuss," Marcia Brown, and Maurice Sendak. Regrettably, these chapters are brief, but as an introduction to each illustrator, as an overview of his or her works, the chapters serve their purpose. As any sort of substantive critical analysis, however, they fall far short. The reader seeking such in-depth treatment will have to seek elsewhere. In fact, Bader gives little direct attention to critical criteria or standards of excellence by which to evaluate picturebooks: her role is to introduce us to innumerable books and illustrators; rarely does she pass judgment upon them. Of course, American Picturebooks does not purport to be a critical or deeply analytical work; it is first and foremost an historial study and survey. Recognizing this, I nonetheless feel more direct attention could have been given the relationship between the child and picturebook. Ms. Bader promises as much in her opening lines, A picturebook is text, illustrations, total design; an item of manufacture and a commercial product; a social, cultural, historical document; and, foremost, an experience for a child. While her first chapter, "Starting Points," [End Page 40] begins by considering the functions picturebooks serve—their pictorial translation of the world around us, their imagistic rendering of feelings, their creation of a contained context—it almost immediately leaves behind these considerations to discuss the history of artistry in picturebooks. Such considerations resurface in brief snippets peppered throughout 36 chapters, but they are snippets only: no where does Bader directly and fully address that admittedly amorphous yet basic concern of the child's experience of the picturebook. This reservation aside, American Picturebooks is an invaluable work, if for no other reason than that no other work quite accomplishes all that Bader's does. And the reasons extend beyond the obvious one of his historical study. American Picturebooks presents a comprehensive view of one genre of children's literature and the publishing field of which it is a part. Its concerns in turn embrace origins and audiences, individual illustrators and media, publishing technology and changes, the influence of other countries, markets, and times (as with the impact of cartoons, comics and...
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