Impact Of Breastfeeding Duration Research Articles

Impact of Breast Feeding Duration on the Presence of Candida in Relation to Nonnutritive Sucking Habit among Group of Iraqi Children

Impact of Breast Feeding Duration on the Presence of <i>Candida</i> in Relation to Nonnutritive Sucking Habit among Group of Iraqi Children

The Impact of Breastfeeding Duration on the Development of Normal Occlusal Features of the Primary Dentition among Baghdad Preschool Children

Background: Normal occlusal features of primary dentition are crucial for normal development of the permanent dentition. Breastfeeding is an important factor for both general and dental health of children. Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the breastfeeding duration on the prevalence of normal occlusal features of the primary dentition among preschool children in Baghdad. Materials and Methods: The sample was 630 Iraqi children (270- boys, 360 girls), aged 3-5 years selected from four kindergartens in Baghdad city. The study was carried out through questionnaire and clinical examination. Normal occlusal features were examined as the presence or absence of interincisive spaces (IS) and primate spaces (PS), terminal relationship of the primary second molar that classified as: Flush terminal (FT), mesial step (MS) and distal step (DS). The presence or absence of ideal incisor overbite was also recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (version 21). Chi square and z test were used in data analysis. Result:s A significant relation was present between the duration of breastfeeding and the presence of: primate and interincisive spaces, flush terminal plane, mesial terminal plane and ideal incisor overbite. Conclusion Breastfeeding duration has a positive impact on the development of normal occlusal features of the primary dentition. Efforts should be taken to enhance the knowledge of the community, especially the mothers, about this impact to encourage them to practice exclusive breastfeeding for more than 12 months.

Associations of Apgar score and size at birth with lipoprotein subclasses in juvenile obesity

Background/aim: Juvenile obesity is associated with several metabolic abnormalities, one of them being atherogenic dyslipidemia. Suboptimal fetal growth is associated with obesity risk in childhood, but also with increased rate of metabolic diseases in later life. This study investigated associations of neonatal data (Apgar score, birth weight and birth length) with low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) subclasses in a group of obese children, as well as a possible impact of breastfeeding duration on obesity-associated lipoprotein subclasses distributions.Materials and methods: We included 42 obese children, aged 14.2 ± 2.1 years. LDL and HDL subfractions were separated by gradient gel electrophoresis and biochemical parameters were assessed by routine methods.Results: Compared with obese children with Apgar ≥ 9, the group with Apgar < 9 had significantly higher percentages of small, dense LDL particles (P < 0.05), due to reduced LDL I (P < 0.01) and increased LDL III subclasses (P < 0.05). Birth weight was positively associated with the proportions of LDL I particles (P < 0.001), whereas birth height positively correlated with the amount of HDL 2b subclasses (P < 0.05). The group of never or less than 3 months breastfed children had significantly smaller LDL size (P < 0.01) and lower proportion of HDL 2a particles (P < 0.05) than their ≥3 months breastfed peers.Conclusion: The results showed significant associations of neonatal characteristics with LDL and HDL particle distributions in obese children. In addition, our results point toward positive aspects of longer breastfeeding duration on lipoprotein particle distributions in obese children.

168 The Impact of Breast-Feeding Duration and Mode of Delivery on Allergic Rhinitis in Korean Children

BackgroundThere is much interest in the possibility that environmental factors may influence the risk of allergic rhinitis in early life. We investigated simultaneously the effect of mode of delivery and breast-feeding duration on the development of allergic rhinitis in Korean children.MethodsData from 878 children of Cohort of Allergic Rhinitis in Korea (COAR-Korea) Study were analyzed. Children with rhinitis were recruited from 14 centers located in 6 provinces of South Korea between April 2008 and September 2010. All subjects were divided into allergic rhinitis (AR) group and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) group according to skin prick test response. Data on environmental factors, including mode of delivery and breast-feeding duration, were collected using a questionnaire. Relationships were analyzed using logistic regression analyses.ResultsWe found that 77% of the population with rhinitis had AR, whereas 23% had NAR. Compared with never breast-fed, breast-feeding for ≥ 12 month was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of AR (aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41-0.99). Children who were born by Cesarean section showed a higher prevalence of AR compared with those born by vaginal delivery (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.05-2.09). However, after adjustment for confounders under study, this difference was lost (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.90-2.20). Children born by Cesarean section were shown significantly lower rates of breast-feeding initiation (70.5% vs. 78.9%, P = 0.005) and lower rates of longer (for ≥ 12 months) breast-feeding maintenance compared with those born by vaginal delivery (35.5% vs. 48.4%, P = 0.005).ConclusionsAmongst environmental factors, longer duration (for >12 months) of breast-feeding seems to be the most powerful protective factor against the risk of developing AR in young children. However, breast-feeding behavior seemed to be affected by mode of delivery and must be considered as a strong confounding factor in evaluating the correlation between environmental risk factors and development of allergic diseases.

Breast-feeding programs and lactational amenorrhea: evaluation using event history analysis

The purpose of this paper is to present an approach toward evaluating the effectiveness of breast feeding programs in relation to their impact on the duration of post partum amenorrhea. The current emphasis on improving reproductive health through family planning services is likely to increase the use of LAM as a birth spacing method. As a result, evaluation of the net impact of breast feeding duration on the length of post partum amenorrhea is essential for designing an effective family planning program. We present event history analysis as an useful tool in evaluating the effectiveness breast feeding programs on post partum amenorrhea. Data from NFH survey (India) of the State of Rajasthan are used to illustrate the event history approach toward outcome evaluation.