Impact Of Age-related Decline Research Articles

A mechanism underlying improved dual-task performance after practice: Reviewing evidence for the memory hypothesis.

Extensive practice can significantly reduce dual-task costs (i.e., impaired performance under dual-task conditions compared with single-task conditions) and, thus, improve dual-task performance. Among others, these practice effects are attributed to an optimization of executive function skills that are necessary for coordinating tasks that overlap in time. In detail, this optimization of dual-task coordination skills is associated with the efficient instantiation of component task information in working memory at the onset of a dual-task trial. In the present paper, we review empirical findings on three critical predictions of this memory hypothesis. These predictions concern (1) the preconditions for the acquisition and transfer of coordination skills due to practice, (2) the role of task complexity and difficulty, and (3) the impact of age-related decline in working memory capacity on dual-task optimization.

Theoretical foundations of the educational module aimed at providing students with a complex of knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for understanding the specifics of color communication of elderly people

The goal of the paper is to present the theoretical foundations of a unique training program aimed at providing students with a complex of knowledge, skills and abilities needed to understand the specifics of color communication in old and very old age. The objectives of the paper include an analytical review of the sources that have defined the program content, the structure of the educational module, and its methodological basis. The selection of research sources was carried out through the RSCI, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science systems. In the process of work the methods of theoretical and comparative analysis, systematization and generalization of materials were used. The authors provide a detailed analysis of the sources, which represent the dynamics of age-related physiological changes in color vision and examine their impact on color communication of elderly people. Each of the theoretical models included into the review makes a special contribution to the development of the problem. The experiments with colored glasses of K. Ishihara et al. provide an opportunity to feel the impact of age-related decline in visual ability on everyday life and habits of an aging person. The research of D.T. Lindsay and A.M. Brown helps to understand how aging of the eye influences perception of individual shades. The method of M.F. Hassan's research group simulates how elderly people see different color combinations and complex images. An optical google of T. Suzuki et al. enables young people to experience senile miosis in any environment in real time under different illuminance conditions. J.L. Hardy's et al. experiment explains why elderly people often do not realize that their color perception is changing. In the complex, all the studies presented in the review help students to better understand the specifics of color communication in old and very old age, and thus to form a sustainable complex of knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for improving the quality of color design projects, creating by young professionals for elderly people

Autoimmune diseases and reproductive aging

As the population ages, more individuals with autoimmune diseases are experiencing reproductive senescence. Understanding the impact of menopause and age-related androgen decline on disease onset and course, as well as the potential for hormonal interventions, is critically important. In men, lupus erythematosis (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with lower androgen levels. However, the impact of age-related declines in testosterone, as well as of testosterone replacement, on disease course remains underexplored. In women, the course of all three diseases with onset after the age of menopause differs from that with onset before menopause. Early age at menopause is associated with increased disease risk, and after menopause, disease course changes in SLE and RA. Less is known about MS. This article summarizes what is known about the relationship between reproductive aging and autoimmune diseases in men and women, and highlights areas for further investigation.