Impact Of Absence Research Articles

Examining the effects of parental migration on youth mental health and substance use: a qualitative study in rural Yucatán, México.

Parental migration is common in Mexico and Latin America, where individuals pursue work to improve their family's economic opportunities and children remain home in their community under the care of the remaining parent or extended family. A research gap remains about the impact of parental migration on mental health and substance use in children who remain at home. The current study explored risk and resilience factors relating to mental health and substance use among Mexican youth remaining at home when one or more parents migrate. This qualitative study applied attachment theory and thematic analysis to analyze 26 in-depth interviews with youth (17-21 years old), parents, and a focus group with high-school teachers in a town with history of migration both domestically and internationally (Yucatan, México). Respondents across groups perceived that parental migration was related to 1) less parental/caregiver oversight and support due to family demands on the remaining parent and 2) the deterioration of youth mental health. Lack of youth oversight and the poor mental health of youth were perceived as drivers of youth seeking out and consuming alcohol and substances. In terms of parental remittances, youth reported observing among their peers increased access to material goods such as clothing and technology (e.g., smartphones) and increased access to alcohol. Resilience factors included parental awareness of the role of good communication with youth and teachers and youth access to and utilization of self-care resources such as mutual aid meetings for substance use recovery. Poor mental health and substance use among youth and parents were perceived to be related to parental absence, stressors on the remaining parent or family, and undermined healthy parent-child attachment. Youth themselves are a source of insight for recommendations on interventions to reduce youth isolation and substance use risk. We recommend the intentional engagement of youth in developing intervention research and tailoring evidence-based interventions to mitigate parental absence's impact and promote parent-child attachment for youth and families remaining at home.

Loitering with (research) intent: Remote ethnographies in the immigration tribunal

AbstractCourt ethnographies have commonly relied on the physical presence of the ethnographers. This paper explores the opportunities and the challenges of conducting court ethnographies without this physical presence. Specifically, it examines what it means to conduct remote ethnographies of legal processes where neither the ethnographer nor the other hearing participants are physically co‐present. The sudden shift towards remote hearings in fieldwork conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic presented an opportunity to compare in‐person and remote ethnographic methods. Through a case study of bail hearings in the immigration tribunal in the UK, this paper explores the value and challenges associated with conducting remote ethnographies and asks how they can help to shed light on the impact of absences in legal events.

Experiences of dog theft and spatial practices of search/ing

AbstractPublic responses to an ‘upward trend’ in recorded dog theft offences in England and Wales led to the creation of the Pet Theft Taskforce in May 2021, followed by a policy paper recommending the development of a new ‘pet abduction’ offence. Despite this, the experiential nature of dog theft, what impact this has on victims, and how they go about searching for their stolen dogs have been overlooked. Building on interdisciplinary research on dog theft, and wider literature on the impact of absence and loss on human victims, this paper explores the experiential dimension of this crime and the spatial and temporal practices of search/ing. Drawing on 15 semi‐structured interviews with victims of dog theft (10) and community resolution groups (5), key themes emerged from our analyses: (i) more‐than‐human families and (ii) spatial and temporal practices of search/ing. The dogs in this study occupy an absent presence, their bodies not visibly present but occupying a space in the minds and words of their humans. From the realisation of loss through to ongoing searches to possible reunite, participant experiences are filled with emotions that reflect a traumatic experience and ‘ambiguous absence’. With expectations of police support rarely met, victims started physically searching themselves, moving from the local to regional and national, while connecting with animal professionals and community resolution groups. Virtual space was seen as vital, with social media amplifying the virtual presence of specific stolen dogs. Conceived as a more‐human‐focused animal geography, the research brings together an empirical example at the potential intersection of animal geographies and policing. The experiential evidence in this paper suggests changes to organisational practices (standardised police approach; centralised microchip database; mandatory microchip‐scanning by animal professionals) and national government policy interventions (‘pet abduction’ offence) might have a positive impact on victim experiences.

Can Islamic banking revive Somalia’s ailing economy?

The study aims to evaluate the Islamic banking prospects in Somalia and the role it can play in reviving the country’s ailing economy. Somalis were recruited through purposive sampling techniques. Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been adopted to analyze the data collected using SmartPLS. The findings have shown a negative and insignificant impact of absence of a functioning financial system, lack of funding and expertise, and effect of bank absence on businesses. Financial and political infrastructure significantly affected the Islamic banking system of Somalia. Law and order measures show a significant impact on suitability of banking and financial systems of Somalia. Sharia compliant finance shows a positive but insignificant impact on Islamic banking in Somalia. Standalone new banks in Somalia have fewer chances of success due to the absence of personnel with the necessary skills and qualifications.

Use of Nasal Nitric Oxide in the Diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis and Nonallergic Rhinitis in Patients with and without Sinus Inflammation

Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) has been evaluated in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. However, nNO levels in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) have shown conflicting results in previous studies. To evaluate the value of nNO in diagnosing AR and NAR and the impact of absence or presence of sinus inflammation (SI). A total of 173 consecutive patients scanned with high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and 46 normal controls (NCs) were included in our study. Patients were evaluated according to their medical history, nasal symptoms, endoscopic examinations, and skin prick test results. On the basis of CT scans (Lund-Mackay score >2), all patients were subgrouped as AR with SI (ARwSI) and AR without SI (ARsSI), or NAR with SI (NARwSI) and NAR without SI (NARsSI). nNO levels were measured with the NIOX, and eosinophils in nasal smears were evaluated simultaneously. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed for differential diagnosis of AR, NAR, and subgroups. Ninety-four patients were diagnosed with AR and 79 patients with NAR. The levels of nNO were significantly higher in patients with AR and in NCs compared with patients with NAR (939 ± 335 in AR and 813 ± 272 in NCs vs 670 ± 188 in NAR; P < .001 for both), and significantly higher in patients with AR compared with NCs (P < .05). On the basis of sinus CT scans, 49% patients with AR (46 of 94) were defined as ARwSI and 51% patients with NAR (40 of 79) were defined as NARwSI. Patients with ARsSI showed the highest nNO levels (1180 ± 289) compared with other subgroups (P < .001), and patients with NARwSI showed the lowest nNO levels (522 ± 120) compared with other subgroups (P < .001). nNO could be used to discriminate AR, NAR, and subgroups with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, patients with nasal smear eosinophilia had lower nNO levels than did patients with NAR (P < .05). nNO levels are different between patients with ARwSI/ARsSI and NARwSI/NARsSI, and may be used to discriminate these phenotypes.

The Short- and Long-Run Impacts of Secondary School Absences

We provide novel evidence on the causal impact of student absences in middle and high school on state test scores, course grades, and educational attainment using a rich administrative dataset that includes the date and class period of each absence. Our identification strategy addresses potential endogeneity due to time-varying student-level shocks by exploiting the fact that in a given year, there exists within-student, between-class variation in absences. We also leverage information on the timing of absences to show that absences that occur after the annual window for state standardized testing do not appear to affect test scores, which provides a further check of our identification strategy. We find that absences in middle and high school harm contemporaneous student achievement and longer-term educational attainment: On average, missing 10 math classes reduces math test scores by 7% of a standard deviation, math course grades by 19% of a standard deviation, the probability of on-time graduation by 8%, and the probability of college enrollment by 7%. Similar results hold for absences in English Language Arts classes. These results suggest that absences in middle school and high school are just as harmful, if not more so, than absences in elementary school. Moreover, the timing of absences during the school year matters, as both the occurrence and the impact of absences are dynamic phenomena.

Relative contribution ratio: A quantitative metrics for multi-parameter analysis

In many applications, the objective function is determined by several parameters simultaneously. Properly assessing the relative contribution of each parameter can give the decision maker a better understanding of the problem. However, widely used assessing methods are qualitative or semi-quantitative. In this paper, a new concept, relative contribution ratio (RCR), is proposed. The concept follows the idea of proof by contradiction, and estimates the impact of absence of each parameter, based on the fact that the absence of a parameter with more contribution will bring more divergence. Based on surrogate models, a statistical method for calculating RCR is also presented. Numerical results indicate that RCR is capable of analyzing multi-parameter problems, regardless of whether they are linear or nonlinear.

The Impact of Absence and the Ineffable Quality of Protocol

The author considers a relatively unexplored aspect of loss, death, and dying: absence. She describes work with a range of clients in which an alternative or addition to the author’s repertoire of script and game analysis or deconfusion of the Child ego state was needed. This approach, which requires more of a wondering receptivity and an accompaniment without expectation, is particularly appropriate with clients who need to find meaning of their own around considerable gaps in their upbringing. The article challenges the assumption that personality is formed though injunctions, counterinjunctions, and drivers in response to significant others. Readers are invited to consider how much of who we are is formed beyond what is spoken or modeled by others. Consideration is given to Berne’s (1963/1975) theory of protocol as forming the essence or atmosphere that is absorbed into our very being.

Impact of absence of in-house radiation facilities for patients (pts) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locally advanced head and cancer (LAHNC): A 3-year public hospital (PH) experience at Louisiana State University (LSU) in New Orleans.

e17523 Background: CCRT is a standard of care for treatment of LAHNC. CCRT programs for LAHNC requires detailed coordination and delivery of supportive care. LAHNC pts treated at the public hospita...

Surveying Act Hunger and Role Accessibility in Training Groups

Managing the choice process for highly valued roles in psychodrama training groups is shared by the trainee, their peers, and the trainers. Access to these roles is essential for those studying to become psychodramatists. This article introduces an experimental sociometric tool designed to examine underlying perceptions held individually that have a collective impact on the students' choice-making process. Data from the Role Accessibility Perception Survey1 reveals to the participants an underlying hierarchy that, over time, may develop into subgroups. The survey results, when discussed, may be used to facilitate role relief for some while suggesting greater access to roles for others less highly chosen in the past. The impact of absences, ride sharing, and less visible norms on an ongoing training group's choice process may also be revealed. The survey is offered as an alternative to J. L. Moreno's sociometric test. A case example is included with participant's names changed.

Convalescence advice following gynaecological surgery

This was a survey, undertaken in the UK, which was sent to all obstetricians and gynaecologists. The aim was to establish the current advice given for activities during convalescence after commonly performed benign gynaecological surgery. Questionnaires were sent to all the obstetricians and gynaecologists working in 235 NHS hospitals in the UK. The total response rate was 30.51%. There is substantial variability in the advice for activities during convalescence following gynaecological surgery. This has enormous implications – mainly financial. The economic impact of absence from work is enormous. One extra day of sick leave given to patients has a direct cost of approximately £34 million annually. Our survey highlights the need for structured and evidence-based recommendations for convalescence activities following benign gynaecological surgery.

Impact of Absences due to Asthma on Total School Absences in Upstate New York Elementary Schools

Impact of Absences due to Asthma on Total School Absences in Upstate New York Elementary Schools

Strangers in their own land: friendship issues when children have cancer

More children than ever before are surviving childhood cancer. While treatment protocols have improved, there is little consideration given to their ongoing educational needs, including their social needs for positive peer relationships and friendships. This qualitative study of 12 families included children from four to 15 years of age. Most of the children were attending primary school and half were still undergoing treatment. Interviews in family homes were undertaken with parents, children with cancer and their siblings. The results show that most of these children with cancer have special social relationship needs beyond the impact of absence from school. This article focuses specifically upon friendships and peer relationships which often change dramatically when a child has cancer. Such changes can place children with cancer at risk both academically and emotionally. Some suggestions for addressing this issue are explored.