Impact Of Policies Research Articles

Analysing the impact of academic policies and interventions on research productivity in Indian library and information science

PurposeThis study seeks to examine the progression of research productivity and patterns among Indian researchers in library and information science (LIS). This study seeks to better understand the transition from intrinsic to extrinsic research motivation, focussing on the influential consequences of governmental interventions. Additionally, the study aims to assess the effects of government regulations, such as University Grant Commission (UGC) guidelines and initiatives like National Institutional Ranking Framework, IQAC (An Internal Quality Assurance Cell) and UGC-CARE (Consortium for Academic and Research Ethics), on academic autonomy and the cultivation of a “publish or perish. The goal is to determine the effectiveness of these policies in driving research output within the LIS domain in India by analysing the relationship between publishing policies and research output.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected using the Scopus bibliographical database between 1976 and 2023 and yielded 2,853 records from 222 journals. To understand Indian researchers’ contributions to LIS, the dataset is categorized into three groups: Category A (all publications), Category B (excluding Indian journals) and Category C (excluding Indian journals and discontinued journals) to analyse trends over time. Statistical analysis was utilized using descriptive methods, t-tests, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation and Microsoft Excel 2019 and Biblioshiny were used for visualization.FindingsThe study found a significant increase in top-tier journal publications, collaborative research and citations post-2010, corresponding with the adoption of UGC rules stressing publishing criteria for academic promotions. Library Philosophy and Practice emerged as the most chosen publishing source, while Delhi University and the University of Kashmir demonstrated outstanding research output. The study also emphasizes geographical discrepancies, the rise of newly established departments and a significant increase of authors publishing in different publications. Correlation analysis found strong connections between publication year, journal quartile, citations and author count.Research limitations/implicationsThe study acknowledges limitations, including potential biases in the Scopus database and search strategy adopted. The constraints might affect the applicability of the results. However, the insights acquired contribute to comprehending the dynamic research landscape in Indian LIS, guiding future research paths and academic policy decisions.Originality/valueThis study offers novel insights into the evolving dynamics of research productivity among Indian LIS researchers, elucidating the impact of government initiatives and academic policies. Examining patterns in publishing, preferences among academic journals and the behaviour of authors yields useful insights for policymakers, academic institutions and researchers seeking to improve research output and excellence in the field.

The impact of sports technology policy in Taiwan: the transformation of relevant organisational and stakeholder relationships

ABSTRACT Taiwan, renowned for its high-tech industrial development, and exemplified by its semiconductor industry, serves as the focal point of this study, which examines the transformative effects and challenges arising from the integration of technology and the formulation of sports technology policies within the elite sports landscape. Employing Actor Network Theory (ANT) as the research framework, a combination of semi-structured interviews involving 15 participants engaged in technology implementation in sports, along with supplementary document analysis, was undertaken. The findings highlight the influence of both domestic and international trends on the Taiwanese Government, which recognises ‘sports technology’ as a pivotal factor in enhancing athletic performance. The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) has spearheaded endeavours to introduce technology into the sports realm, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration among universities, academia, and industry. Moreover, the Executive Yuan has advocated for inter-ministerial collaboration to facilitate resource integration. How various stakeholders, particularly those in the public sector, private sector, academia, and non-profit sports organisations, can collaboratively sustain an operational and stable network remains a persistent concern in the pursuit of future advancements in sports technology.

Quantitative Evaluation of the Impact of Sustainable Eco-Tourism Policy on Tourism Environmental Capacity in Dali City

The sustainable eco-tourism policies of Dali City represent a pivotal foundation for fostering the harmonious integration of local ecology and tourism. To appraise the effectiveness of these policies, this study formulates an evaluation framework utilizing the PMC index model. The analysis encompasses 16 sustainable ecotourism policies and their associated environmental indicators in Dali City, subsequently constructing an evaluation system that integrates the PMC index with tourism environmental capacity. Evaluation proceeds via the PMC index and its surface map representation. The results reveal a commendable average PMC index of 6.176 for the 16 policies, indicating a generally high level of performance. This underscores Dali City's substantial commitment to the conjoined development of ecology and tourism, as evidenced by the preliminary establishment of a comprehensive policy system and operational network spanning the entire city. Incorporating the tourism environmental capacity model, the policies pertaining to facilities and ecological environment indicators score 5.440 and 5.638 respectively, falling below the average benchmark for similar-level assessments. These findings suggest that while the overarching design of Dali City's sustainable ecotourism policies is sound, there is scope for enhancement in focusing policy efforts on ecological and facility environment capacity. Future policy formulations should prioritize advancements in policy timeliness, scope, incentives, and constraints, fostering interdepartmental collaboration for coordinated governance. Furthermore, enhancing the comprehensiveness and efficacy of policies will contribute to fostering eco-tourism in Dali City and fostering a mutually beneficial relationship between ecological preservation and economic prosperity.

Impact of Immigration Policy on future US population size

Immigration will be the key factor determining whether populations in the developed world increase or decrease over the coming century. New policy-based population projections illustrate this for the United States. Expansive immigration policies could increase the US population by hundreds of millions by 2100, while more restrictive policies could lead to population stabilisation or significant reductions. For the US, there is no plausible high-immigration path to a sustainable population. Because larger populations increase human environmental impacts, sustainability advocates in the US and other countries with high net immigration levels have strong prima facie reasons to support immigration reductions. Such reductions could achieve smaller populations in receiver countries and encourage smaller populations in sender countries, contributing to global ecological sustainability.

The Impact of Public Policy on the Lithium Battery Industry- Taking the United States as an Example

Lithium battery plays a notable role in global manufacturing. As the demand for clean energy increases worldwide, the lithium battery industry is expanding rapidly. The United States, which stands at a leading status, aims to strengthen its competitive position. Policies support the development of technological innovation and enhanced domestic production capabilities. The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of public policies in the United States on local lithium battery production. The tariff policy, tax policy, research and development, and subsidy policies will be discussed separately in the following sections. This study includes a review of academic literature, industry reports, and policy papers. By analyzing the impact, this paper draws the following conclusions. Firstly, the local policies strengthen domestic manufacturing and supply chain resilience to enhance the international position. Secondly, the market in the US encourages the consumption of electric vehicles, which fosters the demand for lithium batteries. To further enhance the global competitiveness of the United States in the lithium battery industry, the US government should continue to contribute to the current status.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN MODERN INDIA: HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND IMPACT

Environmental policies in modern India have undergone significant transformation, reflecting the country's evolving socio-economic conditions, global environmental concerns, and its commitment to sustainable development. The journey of India's environmental policy can be traced back to its post-independence era, where economic growth was prioritized, often at the expense of environmental considerations. Early policy frameworks lacked a coherent environmental focus, with limited institutional mechanisms for protecting natural resources. However, in the 1970s, influenced by the global environmental movement and events like the 1972 Stockholm Conference, India began to formalize its environmental approach, marking the beginning of policy reforms aimed at balancing development with ecological preservation. Important milestones in India's environmental policy include the establishment of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 1985, the promulgation of the Environment Protection Act (1986), and the National Forest Policy (1988), which aimed to curb deforestation and promote sustainable land use. The 1990s and 2000s saw India increasingly engaging with international environmental frameworks, including the Rio Earth Summit (1992) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997), and emphasizing the integration of environmental concerns into the developmental agenda. Despite these advancements, the impact of environmental policies in India remains mixed. While there has been notable success in areas such as wildlife conservation, pollution control, and biodiversity preservation, challenges like deforestation, water scarcity, and industrial pollution persist. The growing pressures of industrialization, urbanization, and climate change present ongoing challenges in policy implementation. Additionally, the tension between economic development and environmental sustainability continues to be a contentious issue. This paper examines the historical evolution of environmental policies in India, assesses their impact on ecological conservation, and explores the ongoing challenges and future directions for achieving a balance between growth and sustainability. KEYWORDS: Environmental Policies, India, Historical Context, Sustainable Development, Deforestation, Industrialization, Climate Change, Wildlife Conservation, Economic Growth, Environmental Governance.

The impact of COVID-19 stringency policies on primary health care in Cameroon: a case study of the expanded program of immunisation

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and containment policies disrupted health services, including vaccination activities in Cameroon since March 2020. This study evaluates the impact of COVID-19 on the Expanded Programme of Immunisation (EPI) in the Littoral region of Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study used secondary data from Cameroon’s District Health Information System-2, from the COVID-19 situational report, and from the international data platform on contingency measures. Time series analysis of monthly vaccination data (BCG, PENTA 1 and 3, measles) compared Pre-COVID (Jan 2019-Feb 2020) and COVID periods (Mar 2020-Dec 2021). Bivariate analysis with simple linear regression assessed the association between COVID-19 cases stringency index, and vaccination coverages. The Wilcoxon rank sum test compared vaccination coverage changes between rural and urban districts. Results Vaccination coverage increased initially right after the start of the pandemic, but dropped over the following 10 months. There was a weak, non-significant negative association between COVID-19 cases/stringency index and vaccination coverages. BCG coverage dropped by 4.75% (P=0.3), while PENTA1, PENTA3, and measles coverages dropped significantly by 7.83% (P=0.04), 9.55% (P=0.002), and 12.11% (P=0.001), respectively. Rural areas, despite having fewer COVID-19 cases, saw a more pronounced decline in EPI coverage than urban areas, suggesting additional influencing factors. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant declines in PENTA1, PENTA3, and measles vaccination coverage in the Littoral region of Cameroon, especially in rural areas. While other studies showed that these declines were due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our study showed that factors beyond COVID-19 cases and stringency measures influenced vaccination rates. There is therefore a need to do further studies to identify some of these factors to strengthen health systems and to maintain immunisation services during future health crises.

Moratorium from Shariah Perspective: Its Impact on Islamic Banking in Malaysia

As the COVID-19 pandemic intensifies worldwide, lockdowns-or partial lockdowns-to restrict movement have been the preferred mechanism to reduce the infection rate of the virus in most countries. Imposing a movement control necessitates the closure of economic and business activities, including restricting travel between borders. Malaysia, for instance, implemented the Movement Control Orders (MCO) beginning March 18, 2020. Nevertheless, this measure caused many businesses to shut down and impacted millions of individuals' cash flow, small and medium enterprises, and corporate sectors. In response, many governments introduced the repayment moratorium policy to ease the cash flow of SMEs and individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to examine the repayment moratorium from an Islamic perspective. It also sheds critical light on the impact of COVID-19 and moratorium policies on the Islamic banking industry in Malaysia and other jurisdictions. The study is qualitative, adopting library research, benefiting from various sources: the Qur'an, the Prophet's tradition, the opinions of Shari'ah scholars and other available secondary data. This study should serve as a reference point for academics, policymakers, and researchers interested in the moratorium issue in Islamic finance.

Is the High-Emission Vehicle Driving Area Restriction Policy an Effective Measure for Reducing Driving Distance? A Case Study of Busan, South Korea

Efforts to reduce air pollution by facilitating the transition to eco-friendly vehicles, particularly through driving restriction policies targeting high-emission vehicles (HEVs), play a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability. Evaluating the effectiveness of the restriction in terms of reducing HEV driving mileage is essential for policy assessment and improvement. Moreover, given the overall decreasing trend in daily vehicle mileage, it remains uncertain whether the change in HEV driving distance can be directly attributed to the restriction policy. This study directly examines the effectiveness of the vehicle restriction policy using vehicle mileage data and a DID model. Data on daily mileage from 2019, 2021, and 2023 were collected for Busan, and the scenarios were divided into six groups based on the analysis group (treatment group is HEVs subject to vehicle restrictions, control A is HEVs not subject to vehicle restrictions and control B is non-HEVs) and the area of influence (catchment area, city area, and metropolitan area). The analysis revealed that while there was a reduction in daily mileage for HEVs when compared to each other, the decrease was modest, and no significant effect was observed when compared to non-HEVs. Consequently, it was confirmed that the impact of the vehicle restriction policy on reducing daily mileage is marginal. In light of the policy to expand the scope of vehicles subject to driving restrictions in South Korea, it is recommended that the number of enforcement cameras be increased, that enforcement hours be extended to an entire 24-h day, and more stringent enforcement measures be implemented.

Capitalizing Trademarks as Security: The Canadian Trademark Finance Perspective

Canada’s world-renowned banking sector is well- regulated, capitalized and one of the world’s most stable. It meets the essential pre-conditions for intellectual property (IP) finance methods such as a strong IP regime and a pool of firms with registered trademarks. In 2018 Canada launched its National IP Policy followed by certain IP finance initiatives led by the Canadian Business Development Bank (BDC) in 2019. However, it is not well understood how the Canadian Constitution structures economic relations. Certain longstanding federal and provincial issues remain to be addressed if trademark-backed finance is to become part of mainstream commercial lending in Canada. This article contributes to the nascent academic interdisciplinary trademark law and finance literature. An in-depth literature review highlights the existing gaps between the Canadian federal and provincial legal frameworks that govern security interests in trademarks, and market needs. The traditional legal research methodology evaluates the impact of relevant case law, public policies and law practice, adopting finance, economic and IP rights theory perspectives. A digital shared ledger system technology law solution is proposed to enhance registration of security interests with the aim of making trademark finance in Canada more effective and efficient. This article is foundational in the sense that it paves the way for recommendations for new policies with a view to normalising trademark-backed debt finance processes in Canada.

Post-ICU Syndrome and the Importance of Humanization in Intensive Care

Humanization in the ICU has become a central topic over the last decade. New research focuses on technologies such as virtual reality and music therapy, as well as on practices like family presence during and after ICU stays, open-door policies, and monitoring of both family members and healthcare personnel. Psychiatric disorders, including depression, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and delirium, are prevalent in ICU survivors and contribute to post-ICU syndrome. This research aimed to determine the role of humanization in critical care, with a secondary objective of evaluating the impact of open-door policies on critically ill patients. Analyses, results tables, and conclusions are presented. Humanization encompasses improvements and new associated concepts such as end-of-life care, personalized ICU-VIP care, and virtual reality in the ICU. Flexibility is crucial to address all factors that affect long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes. Humanizing the intensive care unit improves communication and information flow, ultimately reducing delirium and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Keywords: Humanism; Humanities; Intensive Care; Neonatal Intensive Care; Telecare; Tele-Intensive Care.

Mitigating Carbon Emissions: Market-Based vs Technology Support Policies

Various policy instruments are being used to reduce carbon emissions, which are the root cause of climate change. This study aims to empirically test the impact of market-based policies and technological support programs on carbon emissions and to reveal which policy is more effective in mitigation. For this purpose, the dataset of 19 OECD countries for the period 1994-2019 was used. The results of the study confirm that the policy coefficients vary across the values of the dependent variable. Accordingly, market-based policy stringency is effective in reducing emissions, and the effect increases at high carbon values. No significant effects were found for technology support programs. ams.

Impact of government support policies on firm performance of Vietnam’s small and medium tourism enterprises: The mediating role of competitive advantage

The government plays a decisive role in the general stability and sustainable development of the business community and tourism enterprises in particular. The recent Covid-19 pandemic has served as clear evidence of the government’s crucial support for tourism businesses. This study was conducted to explore and measure the impact of government support on the firm performance of small and medium tourism enterprises in Vietnam from the perspective of business leaders. Data were collected based on a survey of 798 leaders working in small and medium tourism enterprises. The results showed that government support before, during, and after the Covid-19 pandemic, through tax policies, credit policies, legal procedure support policies, and labor and social welfare policies, positively influenced firm performance through the mediating role of enhancing competitive advantage. However, this study found that digital transformation in small and medium-sized tourism enterprises had an insignificant impact on improving competitive advantage and firm performance. The results contribute to enriching the overall theory and provide policy and managerial implications for stakeholders in the future. AcknowledgmentThis research is funded by the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam with code B2023-DHH-02 under decision No. 2036/QD-BGDDT dated July 22, 2022. Furthermore, this study is the result of collaboration between a group of scientists from the Faculty of Law, Hue University, and School of Business and Economics, Duy Tan University. The authors would like to acknowledge the support and facilitation provided by both institutions for the publication of this article.

The Spillover Effect of US Monetary Policy: A Literature Review

In an era of globalization, the interconnectedness of financial markets means that monetary policy decisions in one country, particularly the United States, can have significant global repercussions. This interconnectedness necessitates a deeper understanding of how US monetary policy influences economic conditions worldwide. This paper reviews the impact of US monetary policy through various channels on advanced and emerging countries differently. The research finds that US monetary policy involves an element of uncertainty. In advanced countries, this uncertainty primarily influences the term premium component of yields, whereas in emerging countries, it affects the expected component of yields. Furthermore, the impact of US monetary policy shocks varies with the business cycle, having a larger effect when growth is weak outside the US. Different channels of spillover include interest rate differentials, exchange rate movements, capital flows, financial market reactions, and changes in risk perception and sentiment. For advanced countries, significant impacts are seen in interest rate spillovers, exchange rate dynamics, financial market volatility, and global trade and economic growth. In emerging countries, the effects are pronounced in exchange rate channels, capital flows, financial stability, term premium, risk perception, and local monetary conditions. Solutions include strengthening financial regulation, diversifying economic structures, building foreign exchange reserves, managing capital flows, improving monetary policy frameworks, fostering regional cooperation, promoting long-term investment, and enhancing data transparency.

Analysis of the Impact of Government Policies on Supply and Demand in China's Real Estate Markets in First-tier and Second-tier Cities

Due to changes in demographics, urbanization, and economic development, the Chinese real estate market has intrigued many analysts in the last three decades. To begin with, it is necessary to know more about the nature of this market since it plays an essential role in the country's economic development and in improving the standard of living of its population. The importance of the real estate industry cannot be overemphasized in the context of China, specifically in terms of the financial structure, urbanization, and social welfare. Hence, evaluating government policies in this regard is crucial to understand further, how and why they work or fail, along with the impact on the growth of cities. Thus, this paper aims to provide an overview and qualitative analysis of the Chinese real estate market's government policies between first- and second-tier cities, focusing on supply and demand. The actual policies include purchase restrictions, availability of land, and monetary policies, and the effects of actual policies are discussed for various tiers of cities. The study establishes that first-tier cities are highly priced and competitive due to high supply and demand, while second-tier cities are variably priced and could be oversupplied. These issues need more profound and local policy suggestions to understand specific heterogeneities of various Chinese urban property markets and strive for the mutual and relatively balanced growth of different city clusters.

Redefining Education in China: Cultural and Social Impacts of the Double Reduction Policy

The Double Reduction Policy, implemented in China in July 2021, aims to reduce students’ academic burdens, alleviate financial pressures on families, and address systemic educational inequities. By restricting extracurricular tutoring and regulating homework, the policy emphasizes holistic development, creativity, and emotional well-being over exam-oriented practices. This study applies Cultural Historical Activity Theory, Cultural Critical Discourse Theory, and Bernstein’s (2000) theoretical concepts to analyze the policy’s cultural and social impacts on students, teachers, and parents. The findings reveal that the policy reconfigures roles within the educational ecosystem: students are encouraged to pursue self-directed and creative learning, teachers take on expanded responsibilities as agents of systemic reform, and parents shift from passive supporters to active collaborators. Bernstein’s concepts of classification, framing, and pedagogic discourse highlight how the policy redefines boundaries, regulates educational practices, and reshapes identities. Despite its transformative goals, resistance persists, particularly regarding reduced academic competition and adapting to redefined roles. This study underscores the policy’s dual role as systemic reform and cultural intervention, offering insights into balancing tradition and modernity while providing a framework for global equity-driven reforms.

The Impact of Apple's RTO Policy on Employee Motivation

In 2021, many companies around the world have introduced RTO (Return to Office) policies to allow employees who work from home to return to the office. In this regard, Apple, as an internationally strong technology company, is attractive for analyzing the effects of the RTO policy due to its unique corporate culture and management style. This paper mainly tries to analyze the influence of Apple's RTO policy on the motivation of its employees and specifically examines the effects on work efficiency, job satisfaction, and employee resignation conditions. By analyzing employee questionnaires, interviews, and public internal documents, this article explores employee reactions and work situations after Apple implemented the RTO policy. The study found that although face-to-face communication and collaboration can help improve teamwork efficiency and innovation, the loss of the flexibility of remote work has led to a decline in job satisfaction for some employees and even caused high-skilled employees to leave. The evidence-based findings will enable companies to design more flexible work modes after 2021.

ANALISIS SENTIMEN PUBLIK TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN EKSPOR SEDIMEN LAUT INDONESIA MELALUI PLATFORM X.COM

Indonesia's marine sediment export policy has become a controversial topic among the public, especially in relation to environmental and socio-economic impacts. This research aims to analyze public sentiment towards Indonesia's marine sediment export policy via the X.com platform (formerly Twitter) using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Data was taken during the period September to October 2024 using the scraping method using the Twitter API. The dataset consisting of 72 tweets was processed through a data preprocessing step to remove irrelevant elements. Sentiment is analyzed using the BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) model, which allows deep detection of sentiment context. The analysis results show that 67% of tweets contain negative sentiment, 25% are neutral, and 8% are positive. This finding shows that the public is worried about the impact of marine sediment export policies.

Drug Procurement, R&D Models, and Innovation Performance of Pharmaceutical Companies

Under the multi-objective public policy of national centralized banded purchasing of medicines (“Drug Procurement”), winning pharmaceutical companies are faced with the dual dilemma of declining product profits and high investment in innovation. Although the centralized drug procurement policy significantly reduces drug prices and alleviates the burden of patients, the mechanism of its impact on the innovation performance of pharmaceutical companies is still unclear, and an in-depth study of this mechanism can help to comprehensively understand the effect of the implementation of the centralized drug procurement policy. By constructing a multi-period double-difference model to investigate the impact of the drug collection policy on the innovation activities of enterprises, the study finds that the drug collection policy significantly improves the innovation performance of selected enterprises through two paths, namely internal R&D and external cooperation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the drug collection policy significantly enhances the innovation performance of larger enterprises and pharmaceutical enterprises whose leading products are chemicals, and has a more significant positive effect on the innovation performance of state-owned enterprises compared with that of non-state-owned enterprises. On the basis of empirical analysis, suggestions are made for policy improvement.

PENGARUH GREEN BANKING TERHADAP PROFITABILITASBANK BUMN DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2019-2023

The implementation of green banking is one of several factors that can have an impact on banking profitability. In addition to being a form of responsibility and participation of banks in protecting the environment, in fact the implementation of green banking has a fairly large influence on profitability. This study aims to understand the impact of green banking policies and daily operations on the profitability of state-owned banks in Indonesia in 2019-2023. Green banking policies are measured by 16 indicators set by Shaumya & Arulrajah (2016) and daily green banking operations are measured through the frequency of transactions via mobile banking, both of which are independent variables. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is profitability which is measured by the Return on Assets (ROA) ratio. To understand the influence between variables using panel data regression analysis. The results reveal that; 1) partially the impact of green banking policies on the profitability of state-owned banks is positive and insignificant; 2) partially the impact of daily green banking operations on the profitability of state-owned banks is positive and insignificant; 3) simultaneously the impact of green banking policies and daily operations on the profitability of state-owned banks is positive and significant