ABSTRACT Achieving sustainable development requires not only economic growth but also resilient and inclusive health systems, as emphasized under Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3). This study analyzes the relationship between financial development, macroeconomic stability, and public health outcomes in the E7 economies China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Indonesia, and Turkey—over the period 1990–2023. Financial development is measured through Domestic Credit to the Private Sector (DCPS) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), while macroeconomic stability is captured by inflation (INF). Public health outcomes are assessed using life expectancy (LE), immunization (IMM) coverage, the elderly population (POP65) share, and hospital beds (HBEDS) per 1000 people. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis are employed to examine cross‐country trends. The findings reveal that financial deepening and FDI inflows are generally associated with improvements in LE, IMM coverage, and healthcare access, whereas inflation consistently undermines health outcomes. China and India demonstrate rapid financial expansion supporting health gains but continue to face healthcare infrastructure constraints. Brazil and Turkey benefit from financial inflows, though persistent inflation limits progress. Mexico shows steady improvements across financial and health indicators, while Russia records strong post‐transition health gains. Indonesia achieves notable advances in IMM and LE but remains constrained by limited healthcare capacity. Overall, the results indicate that financial development alone is insufficient to improve public health without macroeconomic stability and targeted healthcare investment, highlighting the need for integrated policy approaches to advance SDG 3.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was a global pandemic that happened in March of 2020. The virus was mutated into several widelyspread strains such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, and is continuing its unpredictable mutation. Methods: Multi-Epitope Vaccine (MEV) is one type of recombinant vaccine with its sequence containing multiple epitopes and is considered as an effective way to fight against the infectious disease. Previous in-silico approaches to MEV construction have been constrained by their inability to predict molecular conformation structures accurately, consequently leading to inaccurate property evaluations. In this work, we designed a novel MEV for the future prevention of COVID-19 or similar diseases. We set strict thresholds to screen for epitope candidates in order to construct highly effective MEV and use the latest ColabFold (a modified version of AlphaFold2) to predict accurate tertiary structures of the MEV. Results: We especially studied epitopes from the main proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., the envelope, membrane, nucleo-, and spike proteins) that can provoke immunity response of B-cells, helper Tcells (Th), and cytotoxic T-cells (CTL), then we combined them through amino acid linkers to construct the MEV. We evaluated the vaccine in terms of its physicochemical properties, population coverage, safety for use, secondary and tertiary structure, docking immunity response, and immu nity response eliciting capability. Conclusion: These in-silico assessments demonstrate that our proposed vaccine can elicit effective immune responses and it is safe to use with a high population coverage.

In chickens, economically important traits are commonly controlled by multiple genes and are often correlated. The genetic mechanisms underlying the correlated phenotypes likely involve pleiotropy or linkage disequilibrium, which is not handled properly in single-trait genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We employed factor analytical models to estimate the value of latent traits to reduce the dimensionality of the adjusted phenotypes. The dataset included phenotypes from 369 F2 chickens, categorised into six observable classes, namely body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency (FE), immunity (IMU), blood metabolites (BMB), and carcass (CC) traits. All birds were genotyped using a 60K SNP Beadchip. A Bayesian network (BN) algorithm was used to discern the recursive causal relationships among the inferred latent traits. Multi-Trait (MT) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) were applied for association analysis. Several candidate genes were detected across six phenotypic classes, namely the IPMK gene for BW and FI, and, the MTERF2 gene for BW and FE. The rs14565514 SNP, close to genes IPMK, UBE2D1, and CISD1, was recognised as a pleiotropic marker by both models. The NRG3 gene, located on chromosome 6, was associated with FI. CRISP2, RHAG, CYP2AC1, and CENPQ genes, located on chromosome 3, were detected for BMB through both MT- and SEM-GWAS. In general, the results indicated that the SEM-GWAS is superior to MT-GWAS due to considering the causal relationships among the traits, correcting the effects of the traits on each other, and also leading to the identification of pleiotropic SNP markers.

Immunization is an effort to actively create immunity against a disease so that when exposed to the disease they do not get sick. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between perception, distance of health facilities, husband's support with mother's compliance in bringing her baby's immunization according to schedule. The type of research is quantitative observational analytic, cross-sectional design. Total sampling of 46 mothers who have babies aged 9-12 months, questionnaire data collection tools, univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results of the Spearmen Rank test analysis of the relationship between perception and immunization compliance with values (p: 0.009), (r: 0.380) showed a weak positive relationship. Distance of health facilities with values (p: 0.026), (r: 0.328) showed a weak positive relationship, and husband's support with values (p: 0.000), values (r: 0.569) showed that husband's support had a moderate positive relationship. The conclusion of the study is that there is a relationship between perception, distance from health facilities and husband's support with mothers' compliance in bringing their babies' immunizations according to the schedule in Sidetapa Village in 2024. Suggestions for mothers are expected to comply with their babies' immunizations according to recommendations to avoid diseases that can be prevented by immunization.

The role of Zinc Finger Protein 695 (ZNF695) is unclear in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC). The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis and experimental validation of ZNF695 in CESC. The study investigated the expression of ZNF695 in both pan-cancer and CESC, utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to assess its diagnostic value. The present study investigated the association between ZNF695 expression levels and clinical characteristics, as well as prognosis, in patients with CESC. The study explored potential regulatory networks involving ZNF695, including its association with immune infiltration, immune score, stemness index based on mRNA expression (mRNAsi), and drug sensitivity in CESC. We explored the expression of ZNF695 in CESC single cells. ZNF695 expression was validated using GSE29570. ZNF695 was found to be aberrantly expressed in pan-cancer and CESC. There was a significant correlation observed between an elevated level of ZNF695 expression in patients with CESC and histological grade (p = 0.017). Furthermore, a strong association was found between high ZNF695 expression in CESC patients and poorer overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.17-3.00; p = 0.009), Progression-free Survival (PFS) (HR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.16-2.98; p = 0.010), and Disease-specific Survival (DSS) (HR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.15-3.42; p = 0.014). The expression of ZNF695 in CESC patients (p = 0.006) was identified as an independent prognostic determinant. ZNF695 was associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and so on. ZNF695 expression correlated with immune infiltration, immune score, and mRNAsi in CESC. ZNF695 expression significantly and negatively correlated with AICA ribonucleotide, BIX02189, QL-XI-92, STF-62247, and SNX-2112 in CESC. ZNF695 gene was upregulated in CESC tissues and cell lines. ZNF695 was significantly upregulated in the CESC cell lines. ZNF695 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for CESC patients.

WITHDRAWN: Psychoneuroimmunological characterization in schizophrenia requires health-related adjustments

Using an economic simulation model to identify key drivers of profitability and estimate the environmental sustainability impact of immunization against gonadotropin-releasing factor (GnRF) in male and female pigs intended for market

Aim:This paper aims to empirically analyze the socioeconomic and demographic correlates of maternal and child health (MCH) care utilization in Indonesia using the continuum of care (CoC) concept.Background:The concept of CoC has emerged as an important guiding principle in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health. Indonesia’s maternal mortality rate, neonatal mortality, and under-five mortality rates are among the highest in the Southeast Asian region.Methods:Using pooled data from four successive waves of the nationally representative Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) conducted in the years 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017, we use multivariate regression models to analyze care across four components of the continuum: antenatal care (ANC), institutional delivery, postnatal care for children, and full immunization (IM).Findings:CoC at each stage of MCH care has improved continuously over the period 2002–2017 in Indonesia. Despite this, just less than one out of two children receive all four components of the CoC. The overall coverage of CoC from its second stage (four or more ANC visits) to the final stage (full child IM) is driven by the dropouts at the ANC visit stage, followed by the loss of postnatal checkups and child IM. We find that the probability of a child receiving CoC at each of the four stages is significantly associated with maternal age and education, the household’s socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, and economic status.Conclusion:Complete CoC with improved, affordable, and accessible MCH care services has the potential to accelerate the progress of Sustainable Development Goal 3 by reducing maternal and childhood mortality risks. Our findings show that in Indonesia, the CoC continuously declines as women proceed from ANC to other MCH services, with a sharp decline observed after four ANC visits. Our study has identified key socioeconomic characteristics of women and children that increase their probability of failing to access care.

We previously reported that oral inoculation of the oral commensal bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum（F. nucleatum）induced periodontitis and disrupts the intestinal im mune response. However, the effect of the intestinal microfloral balance, inflammation of the intestinal tract, and the mechanism of periodontitis induction by F. nucleatum was unknown. Therefore, in this study, we examined the mechanism of colitis caused by oral inoculation with F. nucleatum. Mice were orally inoculated with F. nucleatum 5 times a week for 3 weeks and sacrificed either at day 1 or day 30 after their last oral inoculation. Feces, large intestine and blood were collected and used for enterobacterial, immunological, and histological analyses. The number of Clostridium spp. in the intestinal microbiome and the amount of IgA antibodies in the feces were significantly reduced. F. nucleatum was detected in the feces and serum on day 1 and in the large intestine and serum on day 30 after the last oral inoculation. The number of M1 macrophages was significantly higher in the F. nucleatum-challenged group. The gene expression and protein productions of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly higher in the large intestine at day 30. Additionally, the expression of NLRP3 and GSDMD were also significantly elevated on day 30. Caspase-1 showed an increasing trend in both gene expression and protein production. However, Caspase-11 was significantly increased at the protein level, which persisted until day 30. These results suggested that Caspase-11 contributed to the induction of inflammation in the large intestine after F. nucleatum inoculation.

Immunization (IZ) information systems (IISs) are confidential, computerized, population-based systems that collect and consolidate IZ data from vaccination providers. The American Academy of Pediatrics continues to support the development and implementation of IISs as a beneficial tool to provide quality health care for children. Since the last revision of the American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement on IISs in 2006, numerous public health events and new data demonstrate the importance and value of these systems in society and expand the functionality and benefits of IISs beyond the basic IZ database intended to improve childhood IZ rates. This policy statement update will describe additional functions and benefits of IISs, as well as persistent and novel challenges and barriers that these systems face and pose to practicing pediatricians. Pediatricians and other pediatric health care practitioners should be aware of the value of IISs to society, the incentives and barriers involved in incorporating IIS access into a medical practice, and the opportunities to improve IISs and their functionality and usability in daily pediatric practice.

У статті наведено результати дослідження ставлення дільничних лікарів-педіатрів до імунопрофілактики та їх внесок у формування батьківського ставлення до вакцинації. Шляхом порівняння заходів, що проводилися лікарями, та рівня охоплення профілактичними щепленнями на їх дільницях установлені найбільш ефективні методи санітарно-просвітницької роботи серед батьків із питань активної імунізації дітей.

Some countries with high coverage of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis combined vaccines have experienced pertussis epidemics and/or local outbreaks since 1980s. This phenomenon is called "pertussis resurgence". In recent years, pertussis epidemics in several provinces of China have resurged dramatically, arousing great concern from all parties. By referring the working model of the Global Pertussis Initiative, the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association has organized and launched the China Pertussis Initiative. A group of experts in this field has analyzed data of current pertussis in China and identified problems posed by the disease. This expert consensus was completed based on the discussions of the latest national and international research progeress, epidemiological trends and immunization strategies of pertussis, with special aims to provide guidance for the surveillance, prevention and control of pertussis in China.

I connected with "The First Injection" (Best of the Blog, May). Like Tracy Kelly, I'm also a nurse educator no longer on the front lines of health care, and I, too, felt compelled to join the fight against COVID-19 by volunteering in local vaccine clinics. In my view, vaccinations are essential to ending this pandemic. As a global health nurse, I also recognize that the pandemic will not end for any of us until it ends for all of us. COVID-19 has taught us that disease anywhere is a threat everywhere. In addition to volunteering to give vaccines, I use my voice to advocate for global vaccine programs. U.S. support for these programs directly contributes to controlling the spread of disease and helps to build infrastructure for outbreak response. It shocks me that 1.5 million people die each year from vaccine-preventable diseases.1 As nurses, we are called to advocate for vulnerable populations. One in five children around the world lacks access to even routine vaccines.2 I work directly with the United Nations Foundation [email protected] campaign (https://shotatlife.org) to promote awareness of this issue and raise funding for global childhood immunization programs supported by UNICEF; the World Health Organization; and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. Janice Hawkins, PhD, RN, CNS-BC Virginia Beach, VA

The international spread of diseases has caused a huge blow to human life worldwide and the threat seems to continue with much greater intensity in the 21st century. Covid-19 disease is a severe acute respiratory infection caused by a type of virus first started by Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the world causing the Covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 has already expanded rapidly and now concerns all countries on the planet with extremely infectious potential and often fatal consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic has disturbed health systems worldwide and most countries have not yet recovered from the direct effects of increased mortality and morbidity due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The global pandemic can affect the immunization program by leading to a reduction in economic, human and other resources, social instability, limiting the country's political attention and health priorities. Reducing vaccination coverage and refusing vaccination during the pandemic may adversely affect the spread of an imminent SARS-CoV-2. The need to define an integrated strategy that could include all entities to protect individuals and mitigate the impact of the epidemic is vital. The COVID-19 crisis is creating repercussions throughout the global and regional supply chain, disrupting demand and supply. In addition, social-distance policies have destroyed almost the service industries, such as travel and tourism and hospitality, which potentially cause a recession. International Economic Organizations tried to quantify the impact of COVID-19 and to incorporate their impact into their fully extensive forecasts of the global economy. The quantification of the impact, which is largely based on the simulation analysis, is surrounded by a high degree of uncertainty due to the unforeseen operation of factors such as the success of the containment measures and the possible occurrence of sequential outbreaks.

Efforts to prevent the transmission and transmission of dangerous infectious diseases in children, especially those under five years of age. Immunization is a form of health intervention that is very effective in reducing infant and under-five mortality rates. However, the achievement of the global target of 1 in 5 children in the world is recorded that they have not received routine immunization. This study aims to determine the description of family support by utilizing basic immunization service facilities. Methods: This study used an analytic survey design with a cross sectional study approach. Sampling by purposive sampling. The data collection technique was done by using a questionnaire. The sample in this study were 100 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Results: The study shows that from the statistical analysis test using the SPSS version 16.0 program, it shows that 51.0% of the mother's family support is good, 37.0% is sufficient. Meanwhile, using posyandu service facilities showed 72.0%. Conclusion: This shows that there is a relationship between family support and the use of basic immunization services at posyandu with a significance level of ? = 0.031.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has set the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a threat to public health by 2030. Blocking mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the key step for eliminating viral hepatitis, at the same time, it is the hotspot in the field of hepatitis B prevention and control as well. The China Foundation of Hepatitis Prevention and Control (CFHPC) organized a team of specialists to develop an algorithm for preventing MTCT of HBV, based on the most recent hepatitis B guidelines and the latest evidence. The algorithm covers 10 continuous steps from pregnant management to follow-up postpartum. Among the 10 steps, screening, antiviral therapy during pregnancy, and infant's immunization are the core components in the algorithm.

Because the need to rapidly immunize the population against SARS-CoV-2 must be balanced against vaccine scarcity, delaying the second dose of any

The Vaccine Administration Law of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws require that vaccine recipients or their guardians be educated about vaccines and how they work, and described in general the methods and contents of such vaccination education. With the new law and "Standard Operational Procedures for Immunization" as foundation documents, and in consultation with experts at home and abroad, the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association developed a consensus statement about informed consent for vaccination. This consensus statement is written for disease control and prevention health care personnel in vaccination services and describes the educational content of informed consent, a theoretical framework for immunization and immunization knowledge, the informed consent processes, principles of planning for vaccination, and an informed consent form. Part Two of the consensus includes influenza vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, haemophilus influenzae type b containing vaccine, enterovirus type 71 inactivated vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, varicella attenuated live vaccine, herpes-zoster vaccine, human papillomavirus vaccine, rabies vaccine, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome vaccine, leptospira vaccine, anthrax vaccine, hepatitis E vaccine, cholera vaccine, typhoid vaccine, and tick-borne encephalitis vaccine.

Sponsoring Organizations: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,

This study adopts Markov chain to simulate some infectious diseases in two States (Ekiti and Oyo) of southwestern Nigeria, to describe the situations where the outcome of infectious diseases depends only on the outcome of the previous cases of the diseases. The next state of the process depends only on the present state, not on the preceding states. The main objective of this research is to model infectious diseases in Nigeria using Markov chain approach, determine the transition pattern and the fundamental matrix of the diseases, test for Markovian property of the data and how stationary the process is over time and predict the future prevalence of infectious diseases in the states. Transition probability matrix of how patients move from one state (exposed, infected, immune, recovered and dead) of the diseases to another state revealed that the inhabitants of the two States were highly exposed to infectious diseases. The estimated probabilities, p, of being infected with infectious diseases were higher (0≤p≤1) in Ekiti State than Oyo State (0≤p≤1). This indicates that higher proportions of people in Ekiti State were more infected with infectious diseases than those people living in Oyo State. The future transient state and the probability of reaching the absorption state indicate that about 98% of the populations will be exposed to infectious diseases in the future and about 50% of the dwellers will be immunized and as many that are infected will be recovered if necessary precautions are taken. The study advocates for renewed efforts in the area of prevention, environmental sanitation, vaccination and control of infectious diseases instead of spending billions of naira on curtailing the spread of diseases and medical tourism.