Immigration Rules Research Articles

Identifying the Impact of Stringent Immigration Rules on International Students: The Case of Türkiye

Higher education is one area that has seen the most impact of globalisation, and the free exchange of scholarships is noted to be on the rise. By taking the course of other leading nations in higher education, such as the US and Canada, Türkiye, through the Council of Higher Education (YÖK), has since the early 2010s adopted a policy to increase international student enrolment in its universities. However, recent changes in the immigration laws by the Department for Immigration Management (Göç İdaresi) are noted to portend to thwart the efforts of YÖK in what could be said to be a case of conflicting roles between two state institutions. This study presents an analysis of the impacts of these stringent rules on international students by analysing survey results conducted on international students in Türkiye. The work contributes to both policy and scholarship. Its contribution to policy can be seen in its attempt to highlight the intricacies of finding a balance between national security concerns and the need to foster academic exchange and global engagement in higher education. The study also contributes to the general discipline of migration studies in addition to the field of urban and regional planning with direct contributions to areas such as global competitiveness of cities, urban growth dynamics, and cultural diversity and social integration of urban areas. This is made possible by considering the impacts of the influx of international students into cities and the challenges they face, which this study outlines. Key among the findings include the likelihood of persons who have reported having issues with Göç İdaresi not recommending Turkiye to others as a higher education destination. Thus, this demonstrates a case where immigration rules are having a counterproductive effect on the efforts put in by higher education policymakers.

How not to announce changes to the Immigration Rules

On 4 December, the Home Secretary unveiled a new package of measures to reduce immigration – a matter of great interest to faith communities, given that some of them depend fairly heavily on clergy and lay-workers from overseas to sustain their pastoral ministries. One of the elements in his statement to the Commons was a decision to ‘increase the skilled worker earnings threshold by a third to £38,700 from next spring, in line with the median full-time wage for those kinds of jobs’ and to raise the minimum income for family visas ‘to the same threshold as the minimum salary threshold for skilled workers, which is £38,700’.1

Die ökonomische Bedeutung des Brexits

Abstract On January 1, 2021, Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) left the EU single market and customs union. Although the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the UK and EU ensures that no tariffs or quotas are to be imposed on traded goods, there are still numerous non-tariff barriers to trade. These added a significant layer of trade complexity that did not exist pre-Brexit and it was thus inevitable that there would be ramifications for the UK economy. Carefully judging this impact is a complicated task, however, as a counterfactual must be used: how would the UK economy have fared if it were still in the EU? This difficulty is exacerbated by two other highly significant events affecting the UK economy at the same time, namely the Covid-19 pandemic and the Ukraine war. Disentangling Brexit from all this and deciding what is and is not a Brexit effect makes the evaluation thereof difficult. Nevertheless, there have been a number of studies published that have attempted such a task. UK-EU trade is widely judged to have taken a significant hit due to Brexit, with smaller firms producing a limited range of products being affected the most. The consensus view is that Brexit has also had a negative impact on UK investment levels and GDP, with the latter judged to be approximately 6 % lower than if the UK had stayed in the EU. In the long run, the UK economy may benefit from more skilled foreign labour due to the post-Brexit immigration rules. Nevertheless, any positive effects are likely to be outweighed by the non-tariff barriers in UK-EU trade, acting as a deterrent in exploiting comparative advantage and widely seen as being the main drag on UK productivity.

Barriers and enabling factors for utilizing physical rehabilitation services by Afghan immigrants and refugees with disabilities in Iran: a qualitative study

IntroductionIndividuals with a migrant background often underutilize physical rehabilitation services (PRS) compared to the host population. This disparity is attributed to various barriers, including limited access to information, language barriers, illiteracy, and cultural factors. To improve PRS utilization by Afghan immigrants and refugees in Iran, it is crucial to identify these barriers and enabling factors. In response, this study explored the barriers and enabling factors for utilizing PRS among Afghan immigrants and refugees with disabilities in Iran.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in Iran between January and March 2023. Participants were selected through convenient and snowball sampling. Individual, semi-structured interviews were carried out both in face-to-face and online formats. Data analysis occurred concurrently with data collection, using the directed content analysis approach.ResultsFindings from our research indicate that common barriers to PRS utilization among Afghan immigrants and refugees include insufficient insurance coverage, high service costs, expensive transportation and accommodation, limited knowledge about Iran’s health system, inadequate awareness of available supports, restricted access to PRS in remote areas, impatience among PRS providers, fear of arrest and deportation, a lack of trust in modern treatments, stringent immigration rules, high inflation rates limiting the ability to pay for PRS, and limited social support. On the other hand, several enabling factors were identified, such as strengthening insurance coverage, utilizing the capacities of charities and NGOs, providing information about available services, promoting respectful behavior by healthcare providers towards patients, facilitating cultural integration, and increasing immigrants’ awareness of available services and eligibility criteria.ConclusionThe barriers and enabling factors uncovered in this study offer valuable insights into the complexities surrounding PRS utilization by Afghan immigrants and refugees with disabilities in Iran. Understanding and addressing these factors is essential for developing targeted interventions and policies that can improve access and utilization, ultimately leading to enhanced health outcomes for this vulnerable population.

Mothering in hostile environments: Migrant families negotiating the welfare and immigration regime nexus

This article examines the production, working and impact of the UK's hostile environment on migrant families with precarious legal status. Our approach is informed by two bodies of scholarly work: critical border studies and research on migrant families. We bridge these literatures to show how the hostile environment is neither a singular, neatly bounded space, nor limited to a set of interactions between immigration enforcement and a clear-cut group of people (so-called ‘illegal immigrants’). It affects the lives of a wider segment of the UK population, in particular racialised migrants and citizens, by making their legal status more insecure and precarious, and percolates in multiple and intersecting domains in the lives of families, such as education, housing and welfare, making them ambivalent sites of protection and safety as well as control and enforcement. Drawing on ethnographic engagement with families with insecure immigration statuses, we explore how the hostile environment manifests in the everyday lives of families; how the hostile environment circulates and is re-enacted within the micro-politics of families; and how families negotiate the continuous work of protecting children from the effects of the hostile environment. In conclusion we argue that dramatic and rapid shifts in immigration rules and regulations undermine the capacity of mothers to navigate the policy environment and welfare for their children and to shield them from the consequences of state-driven hostility towards immigrants.

Sociospatial relations through development projects: the alignment of Thailand’s EEC and China’s BRI

ABSTRACT The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) is an endeavor to promote Thailand’s development in multiple industries in its eastern coastal areas through strengthening its links with overseas. The project has unfolded through close alignment with China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This paper discusses what roles the EEC plays in economic development, and how the alignment of the EEC and the BRI reshapes brings about sociospatial changes. It is based on qualitative research, involving interviews with experts from Thailand and China and secondary data analysis. Drawing on the TPSN framework, this paper unpacks the multi-dimensional changes in sociospatial relations brought by the EEC’s alignment with the BRI, reflecting the mutual interests of and local contestations between Thailand and China. First, the flourishing of the EEC hinges upon opening up Thailand’s borders to China through new railways and new immigration rules. Second, the EEC represents a new scale of governance which allows the Thai government to negotiate with local interests in pursuing its economic vision with China. Third, the development of specific places along the EEC, such as Pattaya, has been reoriented to their new economic potential under closer Thailand-China ties. Lastly, international business networks in Thailand are reshaped as new interdependencies between Thailand and China are forged by Chinese investors in the EEC.

Are older workers a saviour for recruitment problems in the hospitality industry?

This opinion piece discusses the potential for older workers to help alieviate recruitment problems in the hospitality industry. These problems have been made worse by the Covid-19 Pandemic and, in the UK, by Brexit and changes to immigration rules. There are many advantages of employing older workers in the hospitality industry but there is a persistent paradigm that older workers are resistent to change, have higher levels of absenteeism and possess poor IT skills. As many of the issues associated with barriers to the employment of older workers are due to negative stereotying and subtle bias, the author advocates the application of Implicit Bias Theory to uncover and subsequetly help address discrimination against older workers.

From Slavery to Modern Slavery, Trafficking in Human Beings (Challenges and Solutions) At the Regional and International Level

Human trafficking crimes threaten societies' security and stability. They also hinder social growth and harm economic, social, and security institutions. These crimes also confront global security agencies, pushing the international community to fight them. By establishing accords and conventions to address slavery and enslavement, one of the most disgraceful global afflictions and a grave infringement on human rights, including the trafficking, sale, and exploitation of individuals, sometimes called transnational organized crime, Unfortunately, every country is vulnerable to humanitarian violations. through Crossing borders takes many forms. There is also a lack of accurate statistical data and thorough information on human trafficking, especially for women and children.
 in the light of the lack of agreement on basic assessments, data, and indications of the volume and geographic distribution of different kinds of trafficking makes tackling this problem difficult. A crime cannot be called a "phenomenon" without specifying its scope. also, the victims' ambition for quick and large financial gain drives them into trouble. Organized crime syndicates exploit this tendency, coupled with poverty, unemployment, military conflicts, and natural disasters. Family disintegration, population growth, slums, globalization, the Internet, and an environment of culture that exploits people, especially vulnerable groups, contribute to perceiving them as a commodity that can generate income. Human trafficking victims face security, economic, social, political, psychological, and health risks. Some of these effects may be lethal. The victim's broke immigration and employment rules, as well as fraud, forgery, bribery, smuggling, and rape. Thus, this crime may exceed traditional criminality by including a variety of interrelated violations that result in inhumane deeds.
 Technology serves as a catalyst for the amplification of trafficking operations, facilitating the widespread commercialization and exploitation of victims. Victims are subject to recurrent exploitation when perpetrators reproduce identical advertisements and engage in live-streaming activities across various platforms, with the intention of maximizing their reach and financial gains.
 Technology has also contributed to reducing the barriers for individuals involved in human trafficking. In the past, criminal organizations would have had to establish physical control and dominance over specific urban areas, typically relying on a large network of members. However, newcomers to the human trafficking industry can now effectively operate an online business without the necessity of a physical criminal infrastructure and with a smaller workforce. Consequently, the acquisition of technological expertise may enhance the potency of a criminal organization while also rendering it more elusive to law enforcement entities.
 So the paper will clarify the challenges of these serious crimes in all their forms (traditional and modern) and the weakness of international, rigorous cooperation in confrontation and its negative impacts on international society as a whole.

UK scientists fear impact of new immigration rules

UK scientists fear impact of new immigration rules

Pertanggungjawaban Perusahaan yang Mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing yang Melanggar Izin Kerja di Indonesia Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan

Recognizing the fact that the quality of Indonesia's human resources (HR) is still relatively low when compared to other Asian countries, it encourages companies to bring in foreign workers (TKA) to fill a certain field of work that cannot be done by Indonesian workers (TKI), so companies can innovate and meet market demand. Behind the benefits of using foreign workers, Indonesia is faced with the problem of foreign workers who violate the permits that are applied to be able to work in Indonesia. This paper aims to examine the responsibility of companies as guarantors for foreign workers and immigration rules with facts on the ground after seeing that there are still many foreign workers (TKA) violating work permits due to the lack of responsibility of companies as guarantors for foreign workers (TKA). ). This research is a normative juridical law research using secondary data obtained through literature study which is connected with the results of studying the problem which is seen as additional data. The assessment is done deductively. The results of the study identified several problems regarding that there are still companies employing foreign workers who do not comply with the permits and procedures regulated in existing laws and regulations, there is a possibility that the supervisory system and sanctions that have been imposed have not run optimally. For this reason, Indonesia needs to reform the system related to the entry of foreign workers to be able to live and become workers in Indonesia.

Institutional Solidarity in The Netherlands: Examining the Role of Dutch Policies in Women with Migration Backgrounds’ Decisions to Leave a Violent Relationship

In The Netherlands, women who experience domestic violence can rely on public policies that aim to support them, such as shelters. Drawing on the lived experiences, through 10 interviews and observations, of women with different cultural backgrounds and nationalities staying in a shelter, and on 37 interviews with social workers working with these women, we observed that this support falls short for them. We argue that immigration rules, together with policies on domestic violence and housing, (unintentionally) often work in tandem with violent partners to prevent women with migration backgrounds from leaving violent relationships. The paper draws on a perspective of institutional considerations of solidarity to unpack the relations between domestic violence, cultural constraints, and public policies but looks also at the positive experiences of women of migrant backgrounds with these Dutch policies. This research indicates that there is a lack of institutional solidarity towards women, especially those arriving as marriage migrants, who have experienced domestic violence. In exploring the intersections of domestic violence and often exclusionary state policies, the paper reflects on how The Netherlands can provide more support to those women and how intersectional justice and solidarity might be expressed.

Judicial Review of US Border Policy's Spillover Effects: Negative Externalities, Executive Discretion, and Immigration Law

Abstract Negative externalities pervade immigration law. For example, immigration rules can cause negative economic externalities by barring foreign nationals whose participation would make labor markets more efficient. On the other hand, sweeping executive-branch measures to assist immigrants may unduly expand executive power and yield adverse effects on governance. This essay divides immigration's negative externalities into three categories: economic, relational, and rhetorical. It then argues for specific legal and policy measures, including tailored executive discretion over deportation; more robust court review of immigration restrictions that affect foreign nationals outside the United States; and classifying deportation of lawful permanent residents of the United States as punishment requiring advance notice that specific acts can prompt removal, like the notice the Constitution's Ex Post Facto Clause requires for criminal laws.

The “PERSPECS” principles: early action and migrant children with no recourse to public funds

PurposeThis paper aims to make the case for early action approaches with migrant families, introducing a set of principles for practice, mapped against the Professional Capabilities Framework for social work and the Social Work England professional standards.Design/methodology/approachThe paper first explores the context of social work with migrant families, outlining the challenges and gaps in our conceptual understanding of this work. The paper then introduces a conceptual model of work with migrant families which draws on the literature from social work and allied professions, and informed by social work values and ethics.FindingsCurrent social work practice with migrant children has been criticised as defensive, procedural and lacking a coherent conceptual basis, particularly for those who are subject to the no recourse to public funds (NRPF) rule. This field of social work practice would benefit from an evidence-informed model of practice, anchored in human rights approaches and focused on early action. Eight principles, drawn from existing good practice in other social work and social care contexts, are outlined as the basis for a new model of practice in social work with migrant families.Originality/valueThe NRPF rule is a provision in the immigration rules that prevents people who are subject to immigration control from claiming most social security benefits in the UK. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in research about the NRPF rule and its negative impact on children. However, there is currently no evaluated model of social work practice for children and families with NRPF.

Identity and Belonging: Emotional Assimilation in Two Immigrant Communities in Germany

In this article, we analyze emotional assimilation (host country identification) within Germany’s two largest immigrant communities—ethnic Germans from the former Soviet Union and those German citizens with an ethnic Turkish migration background. Specifically, we investigate the strength of emotional assimilation among these two communities and the differences that might exist between them. To what degree have these two large immigrant communities cultivated a sense of host country identification or German national identity? What factors shape emotional assimilation in these two communities? We find that ethnic German citizens with a background from the former Soviet Union have a stronger German identity than do citizens with a Turkish background. Nevertheless, the difference between these two groups is substantively small, perhaps because the transformation of immigration rules, citizenship laws, integration policies, and social norms in Germany over the last two decades has led to a greater identification with Germany and its emerging multicultural society.

Illegal Migration and the Reshaping of Foreign Policies of Destination Countries: The Case of United States of America

Illegal migration is a global phenomenon that has affected the International community and relations among nations. Migration is the movement of people from place to place and has existed since the history of Man. Migration is also a means of economic survival and of power struggle. It becomes illegal when people enter other countries without permission. Illegal migration, therefore, means the movement of persons from their own country to another nation across the borders through ways that are in violation of the destination country’s immigration rules. This has been on the rise in recent times particularly among migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, to more developed countries in the West and from research Nigerians make up a large proportion of these undocumented migrants. The rising number of these undocumented immigrants has impacted significantly on international relations worldwide and has made the issue of migration a major concern in international relations and international law. The study relied on secondary data and reviewed extensively literature on the subject and analyzed it using content analytical approach. From the analysis, the study revealed that illegal migration particularly from Africa greatly influenced US foreign policy on migration in recent times. Given the zero tolerance policy on illegal migration by US, the study recommends amongst others that Safe and legal migration avenues should be established and extended to illegal migrants and refugees resettled in receiving countries. Again, there should be renewed cooperation between the receiving countries and source countries so that adequate help and succour can be provided to illegal migrants who voluntarily return.

EXPLORING PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVENESS BY DENPASAR CLASS I IMMIGRATION OFFICE

This study aims to explore an in-depth understanding of the experiences and interpretations of the community regarding the socialization process of immigration rules and procedures carried out by the Immigration Office Class I TPI Denpasar. Using a phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with a number of individuals from various backgrounds to identify variations in understanding, perception, and reactions to the information provided by the immigration office. The research findings illustrate the diversity in how people interpret immigration socialization, the differing expectations of the process, and the emotional impact and varying levels of adherence. Recommendations for improvements in the outreach approach were also found based on these findings. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of people's perspectives on immigration, with the potential to increase effectiveness and better interaction between the Immigration Office Class I TPI Denpasar and the community.

What Do “Left Behind Communities” Want? A Qualitative Study in the United Kingdom using Photo Elicitation

Recent shifts in political support to populist parties worldwide have been linked to the changing preferences of “left behind communities.” Based on apparently growing “left behind” support for populists, some commentators have argued for policy changes including tightened immigration rules coupled with increasing investment in economically deprived areas, particularly in health care. However, left behind communities’ policy preferences are unclear from existing research due to a series of methodological challenges associated with researching polarization and stigmatization. We complement existing research with an innovative photo elicitation methodology covering five field sites in the United Kingdom during 2019, focusing on left behind communities’ policy preferences concerning Brexit. Photo elicitation overcomes methodological challenges associated with emotional attachment and stigmatization. Drawing on 418 interviews with 489 participants, we find that interviewees rejected elite framings suggesting a logical link between Brexit and health care investment, instead articulating policy preferences for health care investment drawing on personal experiences.

Immigration Law Enforcement Againts Abuse of Visa Residence Permits for Foreign Citizens in Buleleng Regency

This study aims to examine and analyze law enforcement against foreign nationals who violate the immigration rules in Buleleng Regency and the supervision carried out by the Buleleng Regency immigration authorities to prevent misuse of foreign citizens' residence permit visas in Buleleng Regency. This type of research is empirical legal research. The sampling technique used in this study is non-probability sampling with purvosive sampling technique and analyzed using qualitative methods. The results of the study show that Law Enforcement Against Foreign Citizens Violating Immigration Rules in Buleleng Regency, is divided into 2 (two) namely: Immigration Actions in Administrative Forms and Immigration Actions in the Form of Litigation or Judicial Processes. Supervision of the Immigration Office of Buleleng Regency to prevent the Misuse of Foreign Citizens' Residence Permit Visas, includes 2 (two) ways, namely: Administrative Supervision and Field or Operational Supervision.

Measuring Perceived Influences of Immigration Rules on Career Exploration Among International Students

Measuring Perceived Influences of Immigration Rules on Career Exploration Among International Students

Does the UK Home Office Care about the Rule of Law?

Abstract The instrumentalisation of law for the purposes of creating a ‘hostile environment’ and deterring ‘unwanted migration’ is particularly visible in the UK. The new Nationality and Borders Act 2022 contains proposals on asylum which show a rejection of international law norms and conventions, without having had the political courage to put that rejection squarely to the public. That is not new. Right from the emergence of asylum as a political issue in the 1980’s, the lukewarm official ‘welcome’ never quite hid the stance of disbelief which underlay the UK’s legal and procedural responses. A parallel process, beginning even earlier but accelerating from 2010 onwards, has taken place in UK domestic immigration law. New legislation, Immigration Rules, policies, application procedures and litigation practices show diminishing respect for rule of law principles. This article uses simple and hopefully uncontroversial definitions of international law norms and accepted common law rule of law principles against which to analyse and critique key aspects of UK immigration control. It concludes that UK policies and practice have over time displayed an increasing hostility to those norms and principles, resorting to ignorant and even brazen indifference to facts, evidence, and analysis, and widening the gap between domestic and international law in important respects.