Immigrants In Quebec Research Articles

Survival and social support networks: visual narratives of labour market integration among highly skilled African immigrants in Quebec

Despite the growing presence of highly skilled African immigrants in Quebec, Canada, there is a paucity of research on their adaptation processes, specifically regarding survival and social support. This study addresses this gap by investigating the survival strategies of highly skilled African immigrants (HSAI) in Quebec, utilising photovoice to vividly capture their social support systems and survival cultivation. Drawing on Ungar's (2012. The Social Ecology of Resilience: A Handbook of Theory and Practice. Springer) ecological perspective of survival, and Tardy’s model (1985. “Social Support Measurement.” American Journal of Community Psychology 13 (2): 187–202) of social support, this research elucidates the strategies employed by HSAIs to thrive. Data collection involved respondents sharing photographs that symbolise their survival while assimilating into Quebec's labour market, revealing that family, cultural groups, religious organisations, recreational activities, and professional networks play pivotal roles in their adaptation. These findings highlight the importance of a multifaceted support system in fostering survival and successful integration, suggesting that policymakers should focus on enhancing these networks to aid HSAIs’ adjustment to life in Quebec.

Breaking into the Labor Market in the Face of Racism and Oppression: Resiliency and Well-Being of Highly Skilled African Immigrants in Quebec

Breaking into the Labor Market in the Face of Racism and Oppression: Resiliency and Well-Being of Highly Skilled African Immigrants in Quebec

On-Demand Work in the Gig Economy: The Experience of Young Immigrants in Quebec

On-Demand Work in the Gig Economy: The Experience of Young Immigrants in Quebec

The imprint of autocracy on immigrant political participation: Reluctance to participate or to disclosure?

AbstractThe study investigates the relationship between premigration experiences with autocracy and immigrants' participation in politics in the host country. Using a survey of about 2000 immigrants in Quebec (Canada) interviewed over telephone or with an online questionnaire, it assesses two possible pathways regarding the effect of premigration with autocracy on participation in the host country politics. One pathway emphasizes a reluctance to participate where experiences with autocracy would hinder participation in the host country. The second pathway posits a reluctance to disclosure where experiences with autocracy leave immigrants with a lasting hesitation to reveal the extent of their participation. Our findings lend weak support for a reluctance to participate and instead suggest a reluctance to disclosure. These findings raise questions about our capacity to accurately portray the preferences and behaviours of immigrants, here those who experienced autocracy in the country of origin, and highlight the sensitivity of findings regarding immigrant integration to interview modes.

Gender Gaps in Immigrants’ Political Participation within and across Borders: Political Socialization or Opportunity Structures?

This study assesses gender gaps in political participation within the host country and in transnational activities among immigrants, using a survey of more than 1000 immigrants in Quebec (Canada). More specifically, the study examines whether premigration experiences with gender equality shapes immigrants’ political participation. We find no evidence of gender gaps in political activities in the host country, but observe a gender gap in transnational political activities varying in size depending on levels of gender equality in immigrants’ countries of origin. The analyses suggest that structural opportunities, more than political socialization, might account for this gender gap.

Links between White Settler Colony in Quebec and the Barriers to the Economic Integration of Skilled Latin American Immigrants

Although Quebec has gone through a period of strong economic growth, it is now struggling with a new labour shortage caused by the shrinking labor pool. Ironically, many foreign-educated immigrants face difficulties associated with entering the labour market and integrating into the workforce. Specifically, recent immigrants from African, Asian, and Latin American countries, who are considered part of visible minority groups, have faced barriers to entry. This paper focuses on the Latin American economic immigrant group and argues that the gap on human and social capital of minority group immigrants and majority group Quebecers cannot be explained simply by analyzing racially motivated actions. Rather, Quebec as a White colonial settler society plays a much more important role in making it very difficult for skilled immigrants to get equal levels of income. By analyzing postcolonial concepts, this document underlines how language politics, notions of citizenship and global neoliberal capitalism have shaped a harsh labour market that contributes to structural causes for inequality among skilled Latin American immigrants in Quebec.

Gay immigrants in Quebec facing homophobia: Opportunities, constraints and implications for their well-being

Le but de cet article est de decrire les possibilites et contraintes avec lesquelles des hommes immigrants gais de 20 a 35 ans vivant au Quebec (Canada) composent pour faire face a l’homophobie et a l’heterosexisme en contexte post-migratoire, et ce, en considerant leurs experiences liees a l’homophobie et a l’expression de leur orientation sexuelle, ainsi qu’aux implications pour leur bien-etre. Les temoignages des 25 participants de notre etude qualitative revelent qu’ils estiment avoir acquis des possibilites pour exprimer leur orientation sexuelle en immigrant au Quebec, mais qu’ils demeurent affectes par les effets plus ou moins insidieux de l’homophobie et de l’heterosexisme. Pour y faire face, ils deploient trois principales strategies : tenter d’echapper a l’identification comme gai ; veiller a demeurer dans un environnement social exempt d’homophobie ; et s’efforcer d’etre accepte en depit de normes heterosexistes. Les implications pour leur bien-etre sont egalement discutees.

What does hospitality look like when immigrants are ‘wanted’? The case of the immigration selection process in Quebec, Canada

Recent scholarly work in the social sciences has engaged with the concept of hospitality in order to explore immigration dynamics, especially in relation to the situation of asylum-seekers. As an ambivalent concept, it captures the tension between, on the one hand, the act of hosting and welcoming foreigners and, on the other, controlling their entry. In this article, I reflect on the relevance of this concept for the study of the bureaucratic process of selecting qualified immigrants in Quebec, which aims to identify those future ‘skilled’ immigrants who would be most likely to integrate, both culturally and economically. These migrants, far from being unwanted, constitute the core of the federal and provincial immigration policies and the main mechanism through which a foreigner could obtain permanent residency in Canada. Through a fictional narrative based on my fieldwork with permanent residents living in Montreal, I show how the immigration selection system works in practice. Applied to the case of selected immigrants, the concept of hospitality forces us to distinguish practices from national discourses.

CANADIAN EXPERIENCE OF SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHER TRAINING

Any language learned after mastering the first language is a second language. The practice of learning a second language has a long world history.Canada is famous for its bilingualism and world-class education. Language issues of particular concern in Canada include the study of French as a second language (FSL) by English-speaking Canadians and immigrants in Quebec; study of English as a second language (ESL) by French speakers in Quebec and immigrants in English Canada; supporting other languages, such as those of immigrants and indigenous people; and learning English or French as a second language by indigenous people. The experience of Canada is significant in teaching a second language, and especially the experience of second language teacher training. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to analyze the Canadian experience of second language teacher training.Universities of Canada offer a variety of second language (English) teacher training programs, including a Bachelor of Arts in Applied Linguistics, English as an additional teacher certification language, CELTA and TESOL. The analysis revealed that 62 universities and colleges offer 70 TESOL programs, while only 10 offer CELTA. Therefore, in our article we will look at the content of the TESOL program with the support of TESL Canada – the national English language federation for second language teachers.It has been stated that ESL teacher performs the following duties: conducts hands-on activities; organizes work in discussion groups, individual and group projects; develops curriculum and prepares study materials; prepares tests and papers to evaluate student performance; oversees individual or group projects; may serve on committees to discuss budgets, review curricula and course requirements; can provide advisory services to government, business and other organizations

Специфіка інтеграційної політики в Квебеці

Quebec's historical experience in the field of immigrant integration has always been relatively positive, and mass immigration has received significant support among the population. The special Quebec model of immigration policy deserves international attention and is relevant for study. However, the success of the management of immigration processes is only partially related to policy, and this cannot simply be transferred to another context, other countries, so the issue needs to be considered more broadly. So, the article examines the economic and social integration of immigrants in Quebec, the impact of immigration on social cohesion in the province, the economic situation for new immigrants and the second generation (their children), as well as the relevance of Quebec society discrimination and racism, the general attitude of Quebec residents to the immigration situation in the province. Having studied the specifics of integration policy in Quebec, we will try to conclude whether this policy is effective enough, whether it has some shortcomings, if so, what exactly and how it is possible to correct them. Is the deep and procedurally soft social integration of immigrants one of the results of this policy success what is the level of influence of the policy of multiculturalism on a fairly strong social cohesion? We will also try to find out whether there has been some progress in economic integration, as well as how Quebecians feel about the influx of immigrants to the province and how immigrants themselves evaluate their decision to move to Quebec, and answer the question: why racism or discrimination is minimal in Quebec, compared to the United States and many other European countries.

Francophone Immigrants Outside Quebec and Anglophone Immigration in Quebec

In this article, French-speaking immigrants who settle outside Quebec are referred to as “French-speaking immigrants”, similarly, “Francophone immigration” refers to the arrival of French-speaking immigrants in Canadian provinces and territories other than Quebec. The statistical data analysis shows that there are strong distinguishes between immigrants, who speak French as their first official language and those who speak both English and French as their first official language. According to the statistics, there are differences between these two groups in terms of their demographic and socio-economic characteristics. This article also marks English-speaking immigrants who settle in Quebec are referred to as “English-speaking immigrants”, similarly, “Anglophone immigration” refers to the arrival of English-speaking immigrants in Quebec.
 Keywords: Anglophones, Francophones, immigrants, Canada, statistics.

Participating in a new group and the identification processes: The quest for a positive social identity.

Immigrants experience identity shifts; they can identify with the new cultural group and, sometimes, identify less with their group of origin. Previous research suggests that participation in the new cultural group predicts these two identity shifts. However, these studies have exclusively used correlational methodologies. Furthermore, previous research ignored that when a group is negatively valued, individuals may not identify with it, even after participating in it, to preserve a positive social identity. This article tests with an experimental methodology whether participation recreated the identity shifts previously identified (greater identification with the new group and lower identification with the group of origin when perceiving dissimilarity). Furthermore, it tested how a group's value impacted these identity shifts following participation. Immigrants in Quebec (N = 184) either participated in Quebec's culture (watched hockey) or did not (watched basketball). Quebec's value was manipulated by changing whether Quebec won, tied, or lost the game. Compared to watching basketball, watching Quebec's team win or tie showed the hypothesized identity shifts, illustrating the importance of the new group's value when participating.

Health Disparities for Immigrants: Theory and Evidence from Canada

Abstract Few empirical studies have been conducted to analyse the disparities in health variables affecting immigrants in a given country. To our knowledge, no theoretical analysis has been conducted to explain health disparities for immigrants between regions in the same country that differs in term of languages spoken and income. In this paper, we use the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) to compare multiple health measures among immigrants in Quebec, immigrants in the rest of Canada and Canadian-born individuals. We propose a simple structural model and conduct an empirical analysis in order to assess possible channels that can explain the health disparities for immigrants between two regions of the same country. Our results show that well-being and health indicators worsen significantly for immigrants in Quebec, compared to their counterparts in the rest of Canada and Canadian-born individuals. Additional econometric analysis also shows that life satisfaction is statistically and significantly associated with health outcomes. The proposed structural model predicts that, when the decision to migrate to a particular area is based on income alone, and if the fixed costs associated with the language barrier are large, immigrants may face health issues.

Health Inequalities for Immigrants in Canada: Quebec Versus the Rest of Canada

Little is known about immigrant health inequalities in Canada by province. To address this knowledge gap, we compare multiple health indicators among immigrants in Quebec, immigrants in the rest of Canada and Canadian-born individuals. The literature emphasizes that it is more difficult for immigrants in Quebec to integrate into the job market compared to immigrants in other Canadian provinces. There is an important link between the labour market situation of immigrants and their mental and physical health. Our results - obtained from data in the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) - show that well-being and health indicators worsen significantly for immigrants in Quebec compared to their counterparts in the rest of Canada and Canadian-born individuals. This is particularly true for mental health and life satisfaction.

From Migrant to Transnational: Contemporary Québécois Writing (1999–2010)

While the study of ecriture migrante has called attention to the writings of immigrants in Quebec, it has also created a barrier that separates their works from those by non-immigrant writers. The works that are considered to fall under the label of ecriture migrante are included, to a degree, but are also excluded from what is considered “Quebecois literature.” This article proposes that this barrier can be dissolved by studying works by immigrant and non-immigrant writers side by side, privileging comparable thematic or formal elements, and adopting approaches that bring them together rather than distinguishing them. A transnational approach is adopted to analyze five novels written by immigrant and non-immigrant writers published between 1999 and 2010: Ru, by Kim Thuy, Je suis un ecrivain japonais by Dany Laferriere, Nikolski by Nicolas Dickner, Les larmes de saint Laurent by Dominique Fortier, and La conjuration des bâtards by Francine Noel. Through this transnational approach, our article illustrates...

Changes in fat but not fruit and vegetable intakes linked with body weight change in Mexican women immigrants in Quebec

The objective of the present study was to identify dietary parameters for predicting body weight change (ΔBW) in Mexican-born women (Mexicans) following immigration to Quebec City, Canada. Methods: Changes in fruit (ΔF), vegetable (ΔV), fruit and vegetable (ΔFV), and fat (ΔFat) intake were assessed according to post-immigration periods (1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-20 years) using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measures were also conducted in 87 Mexicans (study group) and 88 native-born Quebecers (comparison group) aged 18-65 years. Associations were calculated using full and partial robust regression models adjusting for potential confounders (origin, education, income, age, length of residence in Quebec City). Results: There was no difference in ΔBW between the groups. Body weight (BW) increased significantly in both Mexican (5.5 ± 0.9 kg, P P β = 0.03, P = 0.003), but not correlated with origin, ΔF, or ΔV. ΔBW was negatively associated with education (β = –4.33, P = 0.007) and positively associated with length of residence (β = 0.3, P = 0.003). Partial models indicated ΔF (β = –1.35, P β = –1.04, P = 0.0001), and ΔFV (β = –2.27, P β = 0.16, P = 0.04) was positively associated with ΔFat. Conclusions: Change in body weight could be predicted by length of residence, education, and change in fat intake in Mexican immigrant women and native-born Quebecers whereas changes in fruit and vegetable intakes could be predicted by Mexican or Quebec origin.

カナダ・ケベック州における移民「統合」政策と「新規移民」の生活実態:-ケベック型多文化主義の検討のために-

カナダ・ケベック州における移民「統合」政策と「新規移民」の生活実態:-ケベック型多文化主義の検討のために-

The Immigrant Wage Gap in Canada: Quebec and the Rest of Canada

This paper examines the nature of the differences in the wage gap between Canadian born males and immigrant males in Quebec and in the rest of Canada (ROC) over the period 1980–2000. Relative to Canadian born individuals, immigrants in the ROC have been consistently, and increasingly, faring better in terms of wages than immigrants in Quebec. We cannot conclude that this is a consequence of Quebec having different immigration policies than the ROC, as the wage gap would be even larger if Quebec attracted the same immigrants as the ROC, nor can we conclude that immigrants are more discriminated against in Quebec. We find that the increased differential in the Quebec-ROC immigrant wage gap mostly reflects changes in the premium earned by immigrants who become citizens over those who remain landed immigrants; this premium virtually disappeared in Quebec while remaining stable in the ROC over the period.

The Immigrant Wage Gap in Canada: Quebec and the Rest of Canada

This paper examines the nature of the differences in the wage gap between Canadian born males and immigrant males in Quebec and in the rest of Canada (ROC) over the period 1980–2000. Relative to Canadian born individuals, immigrants in the ROC have been consistently, and increasingly, faring better in terms of wages than immigrants in Quebec. We cannot conclude that this is a consequence of Quebec having different immigration policies than the ROC, as the wage gap would be even larger if Quebec attracted the same immigrants as the ROC, nor can we conclude that immigrants are more discriminated against in Quebec. We find that the increased differential in the Quebec-ROC immigrant wage gap mostly reflects changes in the premium earned by immigrants who become citizens over those who remain landed immigrants; this premium virtually disappeared in Quebec while remaining stable in the ROC over the period.

Classe, sexe et trajectoire socio-professionnelle

"Various studies have shown the role of Haitian immigration in satisfying the need for manpower in Quebec. Very few, however, analyse the process which leads immigrants to this role. This paper shows that sex and class in the country of origin strongly determine the socio-professional trajectory of Haitian immigrants in Quebec. These two factors define indeed a specific process of skill acquisition, and, therefore, a more or less strong bargaining power on the labor market." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)