3D Immersive Environment Research Articles

Metaverse-based cardiac magnetic resonance simulation to overcome claustrophobia (META-MRI): a feasibility trial

Abstract Background Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) is crucial for diagnosing and stratifying cardiac disease, but up to 10% of patients face challenges due to claustrophobia. Conventional methods for overcoming claustrophobia have limited success. The metaverse, an immersive 3D environment using virtual and augmented reality, is under investigation for healthcare applications. A metaverse-based VR CMR simulation program was developed to assist patients with claustrophobia, but its clinical effectiveness is unexplored. Methods The META-MRI study involved 450 patients screened, with 32 enrolled. They were randomly assigned to intervention (Metaverse-based simulation + standard care) or control (standard care alone). The Metaverse program used a VR headset within the Aimedis metaverse platform. Training sessions occurred before scheduled CMR exams, with anxiolytic treatment when necessary. Primary endpoints included successful CMR completion, anxiety assessment using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and usability through a questionnaire. Results Patients in the intervention group (n=16) completed Metaverse training successfully. During simulations, anxiety decreased (STAI scores: 73 ± 8 to 51 ± 11, p=0.02). Intervention group completion rate was significantly higher (81%) than the control group (37%) during real CMR exams (p=0.01). Usability scores indicated moderate satisfaction. Discussion The metaverse-based program significantly improved CMR completion rates and reduced anxiety levels in patients with severe claustrophobia compared to standard care alone. Traditional methods for claustrophobia have limitations, making the metaverse a promising tool. Despite promising results, further research is necessary, considering identified usability issues and economic implications. Conclusion This feasibility trial demonstrates the effectiveness of a metaverse-based simulation program in enhancing compliance with CMR exams for patients with severe claustrophobia. The strategy, combined with standard care, led to reduced anxiety and increased CMR completion. Further investigation with larger cohorts is required to validate these findings, addressing usability concerns and assessing the cost-effectiveness of incorporating the metaverse into routine clinical practice.Clinical and demographic characteristics

XR-based interactive visualization platform for real-time exploring dynamic earth science data

The transition from 2D planar displays to immersive holographic 3D environments has brought advancements in visualization technology. However, there remains a lack of effective interactive visualization tools for complex multi-dimensional structured or unstructured datasets in immersive space. To address this gap, we have developed MetIVA, a state-of-the-art multiscale interactive data visualization platform that leverages the Extended Reality (XR) and cloud rendering technology for immersive data exploration. In this paper, we firstly outline the historical development of scientific visualization and the recent shift towards 3D and higher-dimensional visualization, and then basically introduce the conceptual framework and platform structure of MetIVA, and finally present the evaluation results from recruited potential users. The results confirm that MetIVA is a powerful tool to accelerate data exploration and decision-making processes. Its interactive and intuitive features, along with ongoing optimization efforts, make it a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners in the field of Earth science.

Heritage elements and Artificial Intelligence as storytelling tools for virtual retail environments

In the rapidly evolving landscape of technology, the metaverse has emerged as a groundbreaking platform for redefining fashion presentation, experience, and conceptualization. This paper investigates the interplay between fashion and Virtual Reality (VR) through specific use cases of virtual showrooms. Each case highlights the metaverse's potential in fashion, from reproposing historical elements to expressing contemporary trends, showcasing technological innovations, like Artificial Intelligence (AI), and user engagement strategies. This analysis shows how such commercial spaces can be exploratory platforms for narrating a brand's history and heritage elements, revealing VR's potential to enhance user engagement with immersive 3D environments and dynamic narratives. The paper further investigates advancements in integrating heritage with e-commerce elements and using heritage and AI as storytelling tools, concentrating on four exemplary projects. This integration suggests a future of increasingly immersive, personalized, and interactive experiences, marking a new chapter in how fashion is conceived, presented, and experienced.

Exploring animal behaviour multilayer networks in immersive environments - a conceptual framework.

Animal behaviour is often modelled as networks, where, for example, the nodes are individuals of a group and the edges represent behaviour within this group. Different types of behaviours or behavioural categories are then modelled as different yet connected networks which form a multilayer network. Recent developments show the potential and benefit of multilayer networks for animal behaviour research as well as the potential benefit of stereoscopic 3D immersive environments for the interactive visualisation, exploration and analysis of animal behaviour multilayer networks. However, so far animal behaviour research is mainly supported by libraries or software on 2D desktops. Here, we explore the domain-specific requirements for (stereoscopic) 3D environments. Based on those requirements, we provide a proof of concept to visualise, explore and analyse animal behaviour multilayer networks in immersive environments.

Immersive Digital Twin under ISO 23247 Applied to Flexible Manufacturing Processes

Digital twin (DT) technology provides a path for implementing cyber–physical systems (CPS) and developing smart manufacturing because they are essential tools for monitoring and controlling manufacturing processes. It is considered a vital technology in smart manufacturing and is being widely researched in academia and industry. Furthermore, the combination of DTs and immersive environments has shown great potential for integrating novel capabilities into the new generation of CPS. This research presents an architecture for implementing immersive digital twins under ISO 23247 in flexible manufacturing processes. The proposed system is based on the integration of DT technologies in conjunction with augmented reality (AR) and gesture tracking, and validation was performed in the sorting station of the MPS 500 to increase the interaction and flexibility between physical and virtual environments in real time, thus enhancing the capabilities of the DT. The methodology used for the design and implementation of the DT includes (1) general principles and requirements; (2) models with functional views based on domains and entities; (3) attributes of the observable manufacturing elements; and (4) protocols for the exchange of information between entities. The results show that the integration of these technologies improves the monitoring, control, and simulation capabilities of processes using 3D resources and immersive environments, achieving a higher level of interactivity. In addition, error detection tests were carried out, where a reduction of time was observed in the resolution of errors that may be caused by internal or external disturbances of the process, thus avoiding production delays.

IMMERSIVE ANALYTICS

Immersive Analytics focuses on the benefits and challenges of using immersive environments for data analysis, and developing designs to improve efficiency. Although immersive technologies are widely available, practical solutions have not gained widespread acceptance in real- world applications. Research in this field focuses on abstract 3D visualization, immersive environments, paper sampling and use case evaluation. 03 Related Works • Brooks early review of VR applications found it effective in specific domains like flight simulators, automotive engineering, and astronaut training. • Van Dam et al. highlighted VR applications for SciVis, benefiting archaeology and medical fields. • Laha and Bowman reviewed VR techniques for visualizing volume data, highlighting the need for controlled experiments to explore individual components of immersion. • Reda et al. summarized research for hybrid reality environments like the CAVE2, emphasizing the possibility of collaborative data analysis. • Brath collected evidence that 3D visualizations offer advantages beyond 2D, focusing on immersive displays. 05 Result • Overall, immersive analytics can lead to better data comprehension, better decision-making, more engagement and teamwork, effective big data exploration, creative data visualization methods, non-technical users' empowerment, and applications in a variety of fields. • These results add to the increasing importance of immersive analytics as an efficient tool for decision support and data analysis. Introduction • To facilitate data-driven analytical reasoning, immersive analytics leverages interactive technology like as virtual reality glasses, big flat screen displays, and even the internet of things. • Immersion refers to an experience that creates a genuine sense of presence in a virtual environment. • A person experiences a shift in awareness from their immediate real environment to another reality. • Immersion analytics is still a relatively new field that has mostly been studied in use cases and workshops. • The notion remains extremely difficult, even within the small community of immersive analytics practitioners. Methodology 4.1 Immersive environments • The study focuses on immersive environments leading to a mixed reality experience. • Abstract 3D visualizations must be presented in a mixed or VR environment where hardware and user interact closely. 4.2 Abstract 3D visualizations • Data that lacks a physical representation or intrinsic spatial organization is referred to as abstract data. • In visualization, abstraction is obtained by using colors and shapes that are not directly associated with the object. 4.3 Paper sampling • Paper sampling in immersive analytics refers to the process of selecting and gathering relevant research papers and publications related to immersive analytics. Conclusion and future scope • In conclusion, immersive analytics has the potential to completely transform how we work with data by facilitating deeper understanding, better decision-making, and improved teamwork. • Immersion analytics will develop further and contribute significantly to data analysis and decision support in the future by tackling issues and seizing opportunities in technological innovation, domain-specific applications, ethical issues, and user experience design.

Speech intelligibility in reverberation based on audio-visual scenes recordings reproduced in a 3D virtual environment

Audio-visual scenes were collected in a medium-sized reverberant conference hall through in-field 3rd-order ambisonics impulse response recordings and 360-degree stereoscopic videos. The visual scenes included cues of the room and the location of the sound sources, without lip-sync-related cues. Speech intelligibility tests based on seven audio-visual scenes were administered inside an immersive virtual 3D environment reproduced through a spherical 16-speaker array synched with a head-mounted display. Forty normal-hearing subjects were engaged to test the effects on speech intelligibility of a talker in front of the listener and amplified by two lateral symmetrical loudspeakers, in the case of (i) different listener-to-talker distances, (ii) one-talker noise at various azimuth angles around the listener, (iii) high reverberation with –5 dB signal-to-noise ratio, (iv) self-motion, and (v) visual cues. We conducted tests in four configurations, that is, audio-visual and audio-only, both with self-motion and in the static condition. The static audio-only tests scored the highest speech intelligibility, followed by a tie between audio-visual with self-motion and in the static condition. Speech intelligibility decreased as the target-to-listener distance increased in all the noisy scenes. Additionally, speech intelligibility increased when the noise azimuth was at 120° compared to both 180° and 0° , with the talker at approximately 8 m from the listener. The advantage of the spatial separation of the noise signal in reverberation is evident in the case of the audio-visual with self-motion test. This suggests a spatial release from masking in the presence of reverberation, one-talker-interfering noise and within an more ecological scene.

A virtual reality environment for supporting mental wellbeing of students on remote clinical placement: A multi-methods evaluation

BackgroundNursing and Allied Health Profession (NAHP) students undertake clinical placements as part of their pre-registration training. The remote nature of some placement sites, shiftwork and the emotionally challenging nature of the workload has led to mental wellbeing issues in many students. AimThis project aimed to evaluate a novel 3D immersive virtual reality environment that supports mental wellbeing for NAHP students on clinical placement. It comprises a calming 3D tropical beach environment where students and tutors can meet for reflection and mutual support. DesignA multi-methods design gathered quantitative impact data with validated measurement tools and qualitative output related to the lived experience of students. Settings and participantsAll 600 pre-registration NAHP students within the institution undertaking clinical placements were invited to participate, irrespective of mental wellbeing status. Students were randomly assigned to either a VR or Conventional cohort; all participants received the control support mechanism in a subsequent placement. MethodsAll participants completed an initial demographic and Readiness for Therapy survey followed by weekly Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories during placement. All participants were invited to a semi-structured interview. ResultsOverall, 32 participants engaged with the application; although the VR cohort demonstrated improved scores on both Beck inventories, these were not statistically significant. This is probably due to the low response rate for the control cohort. A total of 15 interviews were conducted and several themes emerged from the data in relation.to both experiential outcomes (escapism, anonymity and sense of community) and instrumental outcomes (calming, mindfulness and combatting loneliness). ConclusionsUser feedback indicates that a VR environment can provide a calming escape from the pressures and anxiety arising from clinical placement for healthcare students. The relaxing beach environment facilitated mindfulness meditation and the additional opportunities for pseudo-anonymous interactions with peers and tutors were wellreceived by students.

How three-dimensional sketching environments affect spatial thinking: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of virtual reality.

Designers rely on sketching to visualize and refine their initial ideas, and virtual reality (VR) tools now facilitate sketching in immersive 3D environments. However, little research has been conducted on the differences in the visual and spatial processes involved in 3D versus 2D sketching and their effects on cognition. This study investigated potential differences in spatial and visual functions related to the use of 3D versus 2D sketching media by analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We recruited 20 healthy, right-handed students from the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture with at least three years of experience in freehand landscape drawing. Using an Oculus Quest VR headset controller and a 12.9-inch iPad Pro with an Apple Pencil, we tested participants individually with 3D and 2D sketching, respectively. When comparing 2D and 3D sketches, our fMRI results revealed significant differences in the activation of several brain regions, including the right middle temporal gyrus, both sides of the parietal lobe, and the left middle occipital gyrus. We also compared different sketching conditions, such as lines, geometrical objects (cube), and naturalistic objects (perspective view of a tree), and found significant differences in the spatial and visual recognition of brain areas that support visual recognition, composition, and spatial perception. This finding suggests that 3D sketching environments, such as VR, may activate more visual-spatial functions during sketching compared to 2D environments. The result highlights the potential of immersive sketching environments for design-related processes and spatial thinking.

Gamification in Online Education: A Visual Bibliometric Network Analysis

This study applies bibliometric and network analysis methods to map the literature-based landscape of gamification in online distance learning. Two thousand four hundred and nineteen publications between 2000 and 2023 from the Scopus database were analyzed. Leading journals, influential articles, and the most critical topics on gamification in online training were identified. The co-authors’ analysis demonstrates a considerable rise in the number of nations evaluating research subjects, indicating increasing international cooperation. The main contributors are the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Spain, and Canada. The co-occurrence network analysis of keywords revealed six distinct research clusters: (i) the implementation of gamification in various learning contexts, (ii) investigating the application of gamification in student education to promote the use of electronic learning, (iii) utilizing artificial intelligence tools in online learning, (iv) exploring educational technologies, (v) developing strategies for creating a playful learning environment, and (vi) understanding children’s learning processes. Finally, an analysis of the most cited articles identified three research themes: (a) gamification-based learning platforms, (b) measurement of users’ appreciation and satisfaction, and (c) 3D virtual immersive learning environments. This study contributes to the subject discipline by informing researchers about the latest research trends in online education gamification and identifying promising research directions.

How Does Postural Control in Patients with Functional Motor Disorders Adapt to Multitasking-Based Immersive Virtual Reality?

Motor symptoms in functional motor disorders (FMDs) refer to involuntary, but learned, altered movement patterns associated with aberrant self-focus, sense of agency, and belief/expectations. These conditions commonly lead to impaired posture control, raising the likelihood of falls and disability. Utilizing visual and cognitive tasks to manipulate attentional focus, virtual reality (VR) integrated with posturography is a promising tool for exploring postural control disorders. To investigate whether postural control can be adapted by manipulating attentional focus in a 3D immersive VR environment. We compared postural parameters in 17 FMDs patients and 19 age-matched healthy controls over a single session under four increasingly more complex and attention-demanding conditions: simple fixation task (1) in the real room and (2) in 3D VR room-like condition; complex fixation task in a 3D VR city-like condition (3) avoiding distractors and (4) counting them. Dual-task effect (DTE) measured the relative change in performance induced by the different attention-demanding conditions on postural parameters. Patients reduced sway area and mediolateral center of pressure displacement velocity DTE compared to controls (all, P < 0.049), but only under condition 4. They also showed a significant reduction in the sway area DTE under condition 4 compared to condition 3 (P = 0.025). This study provides novel preliminary evidence for the value of a 3D immersive VR environment combined with different attention-demanding conditions in adapting postural control in patients with FMDs. As supported by quantitative and objective posturographic measures, our findings may inform interventions to explore FMDs pathophysiology.

Immersive visualization of 3D subsurface ground model developed from sparse boreholes using virtual reality (VR)

Analytics and visualization of multi-dimensional and complex geo-data, such as three-dimensional (3D) subsurface ground models, is critical for development of underground space and design and construction of underground structures (e.g., tunnels, dams, and slopes) in engineering practices. Although complicated 3D subsurface ground models now can be developed from site investigation data (e.g., boreholes) which is often sparse in practice, it remains a great challenge to visualize a 3D subsurface ground model with sophisticated stratigraphic variations by conventional two-dimensional (2D) geological cross-sections. Virtual reality (VR) technology, which has an attractive capability of constructing a virtual environment that links to the physical world, has been rapidly developed and applied to visualization in various disciplines recently. Leveraging on the rapid development of VR, this study proposes a framework for immersive visualization of 3D subsurface ground models in geo-applications using VR technology. The 3D subsurface model is first developed from limited borehole data in a data-driven manner. Then, a VR system is developed using related software and hardware devices currently available in the markets for immersive visualization and interaction with the developed 3D subsurface ground model. The results demonstrate that VR visualization of the 3D subsurface ground model in an immersive environment has great potential in revolutionizing the geo-practices from 2D cross-sections to a 3D immersive virtual environment in digital era, particularly for the emerging digital twins.

Gamelan Land: A Multiplayer Virtual Reality Game based on a Social Presence Approach

A Multiplayer Virtual Reality Game (MVRG) was developed in order to support experiences in learning and playing orchestral music through a virtual world called the Gamelan Land (GL) game. The GL game was aimed as a virtual place to support interaction between musicians and Gamelan enthusiasts who are spread all over the world. It supports them carrying out Gamelan community activities in the real world into a virtual world through immersive virtual experiences. The story developed in the GL game reflects the real life of the Gamelan community. Oculus Quest 2 which is a Head Mounted Displays (HMD) device that can deliver highly immersive 3D environments was selected as the platform to run the Gamelan music MVRG provided in the GL game. The performance of the Gamelan music MVRG shows promising results. Improvement of audio and visual latency in playing music in orchestra is still a problem to be solved. The problem can be caused by differences in internet network speed and device specifications. So far, low poly 3D models can be an alternative solution. Moreover, although it still requires testing involving more users and longer time, the social presence approach in the GL game can be implemented well and has promising prospects for further development.

Exploring the Perception of the Effect of Three-Dimensional Interaction Feedback Types on Immersive Virtual Reality Education

Immersive virtual reality (VR) systems are becoming widely used for education with three-dimensional (3D) information. Specifically, three-dimensional spaces to create virtual environments can help increase students’ learning interest and ability with spatial interaction. Also, with the use of multimodal interaction, VR systems can provide highly effective ways to solve problems through natural experiences. Additionally, immersive environments can bring together people in remote locations, which has been increasingly applied in education applications with the use of technology to simulate real situations. However, effective interaction methods that improve the learning ability of people participating in educational activities in 3D immersive environments are yet to be well defined. In this study, we investigated the effect of the interaction feedback types on the perception of students participating in VR environments. We conducted the experiment on three types of interaction responses, and our study was designed as a virtual chemistry class. Our experimental study showed that the interaction feedback type of a deformable object had a greater educational effect than other types of visual or audio feedback, and our results are expected to provide guidelines on how to create effective immersive education content and interaction methods.

Prediction and detection of virtual reality induced cybersickness: a spiking neural network approach using spatiotemporal EEG brain data and heart rate variability

Virtual Reality (VR) allows users to interact with 3D immersive environments and has the potential to be a key technology across many domain applications, including access to a future metaverse. Yet, consumer adoption of VR technology is limited by cybersickness (CS)—a debilitating sensation accompanied by a cluster of symptoms, including nausea, oculomotor issues and dizziness. A leading problem is the lack of automated objective tools to predict or detect CS in individuals, which can then be used for resistance training, timely warning systems or clinical intervention. This paper explores the spatiotemporal brain dynamics and heart rate variability involved in cybersickness and uses this information to both predict and detect CS episodes. The present study applies deep learning of EEG in a spiking neural network (SNN) architecture to predict CS prior to using VR (85.9%, F7) and detect it (76.6%, FP1, Cz). ECG-derived sympathetic heart rate variability (HRV) parameters can be used for both prediction (74.2%) and detection (72.6%) but at a lower accuracy than EEG. Multimodal data fusion of EEG and sympathetic HRV does not change this accuracy compared to ECG alone. The study found that Cz (premotor and supplementary motor cortex) and O2 (primary visual cortex) are key hubs in functionally connected networks associated with both CS events and susceptibility to CS. F7 is also suggested as a key area involved in integrating information and implementing responses to incongruent environments that induce cybersickness. Consequently, Cz, O2 and F7 are presented here as promising targets for intervention.

Metaverse in the Virtual Workplace

The emergence of digital technologies has significantly transformed the workplace by enhancing productivity and improving employee wellbeing. One of the latest technological advancements in the workplace is the metaverse, which has tremendous potential to facilitate collaboration in virtual teams. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to identify core research themes on applying metaverse in the workplace. Our findings reveal core themes, including an avatar, computer graphics, immersion, virtual world and virtual reality. We also developed a theoretical and conceptual framework to define a metaverse in the workplace, which includes individual, team and organizational factors as well as contextual moderators that influence its implementation. Finally, we propose a definition of a metaverse in the workplace as a 3D virtual immersive environment where employees interact with each other using their avatar identities, perform work tasks, and have autonomy and opportunities for creativity. Our study contributes to the growing body of research on the practical applications of a metaverse in the workplace. It highlights the importance of considering various factors for its successful implementation.

A Study of Change Blindness in Immersive Environments.

Human performance is poor at detecting certain changes in a scene, a phenomenon known as change blindness. Although the exact reasons of this effect are not yet completely understood, there is a consensus that it is due to our constrained attention and memory capacity: We create our own mental, structured representation of what surrounds us, but such representation is limited and imprecise. Previous efforts investigating this effect have focused on 2D images; however, there are significant differences regarding attention and memory between 2D images and the viewing conditions of daily life. In this work, we present a systematic study of change blindness using immersive 3D environments, which offer more natural viewing conditions closer to our daily visual experience. We devise two experiments; first, we focus on analyzing how different change properties (namely type, distance, complexity, and field of view) may affect change blindness. We then further explore its relation with the capacity of our visual working memory and conduct a second experiment analyzing the influence of the number of changes. Besides gaining a deeper understanding of the change blindness effect, our results may be leveraged in several VR applications such as redirected walking, games, or even studies on saliency or attention prediction.

The HRA Organ Gallery affords immersive superpowers for building and exploring the Human Reference Atlas with virtual reality.

The Human Reference Atlas (HRA, https://humanatlas.io) funded by the NIH Human Biomolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP, https://commonfund.nih.gov/hubmap) and other projects engages 17 international consortia to create a spatial reference of the healthy adult human body at single-cell resolution. The specimen, biological structure, and spatial data that define the HRA are disparate in nature and benefit from a visually explicit method of data integration. Virtual reality (VR) offers unique means to enable users to explore complex data structures in a three-dimensional (3D) immersive environment. On a 2D desktop application, the 3D spatiality and real-world size of the 3D reference organs of the atlas is hard to understand. If viewed in VR, the spatiality of the organs and tissue blocks mapped to the HRA can be explored in their true size and in a way that goes beyond traditional 2D user interfaces. Added 2D and 3D visualizations can then provide data-rich context. In this paper, we present the HRA Organ Gallery, a VR application to explore the atlas in an integrated VR environment. Presently, the HRA Organ Gallery features 55 3D reference organs, 1,203 mapped tissue blocks from 292 demographically diverse donors and 15 providers that link to 6,000+ datasets; it also features prototype visualizations of cell type distributions and 3D protein structures. We outline our plans to support two biological use cases: on-ramping novice and expert users to HuBMAP data available via the Data Portal (https://portal.hubmapconsortium.org), and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) for HRA data providers. Code and onboarding materials are available at https://github.com/cns-iu/hra-organ-gallery-in-vr.

Current Perspective of Metaverse Application in Medical Education, Research and Patient Care

As virtual and augmented reality simulation technologies advance, the use of such technologies in medicine is widespread. The advanced virtual and augmented systems coupled with a complex interactive, immersive environment create a metaverse. The metaverse enables us to connect with others in a virtual world free of spatial restrictions and time constraints. In the educational aspect, it allows collaboration among peers and educators in an immersive 3D environment that can imitate the actual classroom setting with learning tools. Metaverse technology enables visualization of virtual 3D structures, facilitates collaboration and small group activities, improves mentor–mentee interactions, provides opportunities for self-directed learning experiences, and helps develop teamwork skills. The metaverse will be adapted rapidly in healthcare, boost digitalization, and grow in use in surgical procedures and medical education. The potential advantages of using the metaverse in diagnosing and treating patients are tremendous. This perspective paper provides the current state of technology in the medical field and proposes potential research directions to harness the benefits of the metaverse in medical education, research, and patient care. It aims to spark interest and discussion in the application of metaverse technology in healthcare and inspire further research in this area.

EDUKA: Design and development of an intelligent tutor and author tool for the personalised generation of itineraries and training activities in inmersive 3D and 360° educational environments

Nowadays, Virtual and Augmented Reality have begun to be integrated in the educational field for the creation of immersive learning environments. This research presents the results of a project called “EDUKA: Intelligent tutor and author tool for the personalised generation of itineraries and training activities in immersive 3D and 360º educational environments”, funded by the Basque Government (BG) (Economic Development, Sustainability and Environment Department). The project started in April 2018 and was completed in December 2020. Nowadays, an improved version is being developed in a project called IKASNEED, also supported by the BG. The aim of the study was to develop research around a set of latest generation technologies that offer interdependence to educational centres for the adoption, development and integration of Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and immersive content technologies in their study plans.