Immersion In Sulfuric Acid Research Articles

Assessing the Durability Performance of Geopolymer Concrete Utilizing Fly Ash and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as Sustainable Binders

Geopolymer or alkali-activated binders are being recognized as an eco-friendly, sustainable substitute for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The development of high-performance concrete with improved durability and mechanical properties and the addition of environmentally friendly components is a continuous effort. Therefore, the current work examines the durability of fly ash-sugarcane bagasse ash mechanical characteristics in terms of water absorption, exposure to elevated temperatures, and acid resistance. The mechanical properties of the geopolymer concrete (GPC) and OPC concrete specimens were evaluated after being subjected to elevated temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C. The acid resistance was determined by submerging the concrete specimens in 3% sulphuric acid (H2SO4). The acid resistance of the specimens was evaluated through visual inspection, weight variation, and the percentage loss in compressive strength (CR). According to the study, CR typically drops as temperature increases from ambient temperature to 800 °C. However, the rate of decline reduced as temperature increased from ambient temperature to 200 °C. Moreover, the GPC specimens showed a strength loss between 13% and 21% following 28 days of sulfuric acid immersion. In contrast, exposure to sulfuric acid caused a 51% drop in strength for the OPC concrete samples.

Effect of Sulfuric Acid Immersion on Electrical Insulation and Surface Composition of Amorphous Carbon Films

Sulfuric acid is a concern for contacts within electronic devices, and the application of amorphous carbon films as thin electrical insulating coatings for small coils requires full investigation of its effects. Five types of amorphous carbon films were fabricated on Si substrates under different deposition conditions using vacuum coating systems. Based on their optical constants (ISO 23216:2021(E)), the films were classified into three types: hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H), polymer-like carbon (PLC), and graphite-like carbon (GLC). The structure, surface composition, and electrical insulation properties of the films were evaluated before and after immersion in sulfuric acid. Although the PLC and a-C:H showed progression of surface oxidation due to sulfuric acid immersion, none showed obvious changes in their structure or DC dielectric breakdown field strength due to sulfuric acid immersion, proving their stability. Furthermore, the PLC and a-C:H, which had a relatively low extinction coefficient, exhibited excellent insulation properties. Our results suggest that amorphous carbon films can be useful as thin insulating films for small coils that may come in contact with sulfuric acid. Our study offers a valuable tool for general users in the industry to facilitate selection of electrical insulating amorphous carbon films based on optical constants, such as extinction coefficients.

Evaluating Use of Hydraulic Modified Sulfur Powder in Concrete Pavements: Laboratory Testing and Field Application

This study comprehensively evaluates the field applicability of hydraulic modified sulfur (HMS) as a concrete additive. We assessed the microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties, and durability performance of HMS at various replacement ratios in a laboratory setting. In addition, a field study was conducted by removing an existing conventional concrete pavement measuring (6000 × 12,000 × 70 mm, W × L × T) and overlaying it with HMS concrete. The experimental results revealed that HMS enhanced the mechanical and durability performance when used as a cement replacement at rates below 9%. These results satisfied the quality control standards and performance criteria specified in the Korean standard specification for cement-concrete pavements. The comparative analysis revealed that HMS concrete outperformed conventional concrete mixtures by 62.6% in sulfuric acid penetration depth, 14.8% in compressive strength retention after sulfuric acid immersion, and 53.1% in chloride-ion penetration resistance. Furthermore, no anomalies were detected during the 3-month follow-up period.

Methods for Improving the Germination of Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino Seeds through Endocarp Removal.

Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino is known to have a seed dispersal that is thick and stony (endocarp + seeds) and has potential as a landscaping tree seed. In several Rosaceae species, seeds are covered with a hard endocarp, making the internal seeds water-impermeable and germination difficult. Here, we analyzed the morphoanatomical traits and germination properties of R. scandens seeds. To identify ideal seed propagation conditions, we immersed R. scandens seeds in sulfuric acid for varying durations and subjected them to phytohormone (gibberellic acid A3 and fluridone) and a cold stratification (CS) (5 °C) treatment after endocarp removal (ER). The R. scandens stony seeds did not increase in mass by ≥25.0%. Following ER, the seed mass increased by ≥50.0% with water absorption when compared to the initial dry mass. Seed surfaces showed damage and cracks through scarification after 1 h of immersion in sulfuric acid, failing to germinate. A combination of ER, phytohormone treatment, and CS improved seed germination compared to ER alone (26.0 ± 5.3%). Overall, R. scandens seeds showed a dispersal with a hard endocarp from the parent plant, and a pre-treatment with ER, phytohormones, and CS was required for effective seed propagation.

Métodos para superação da dormência de sementes da palmeira azul

Abstract The blue palm (Bismarckia nobilis) is one of the most used ornamental palms in landscaping, due to its size and slightly bluish fan-shaped leaves. However, its propagation is carried out through seeds and the germination of these seeds is extremely low, in addition to the plant growth being considered slow. This work aimed to compare the use of pre-germination treatments to break dormancy and accelerate germination of B. nobilis seeds. The effect of mechanical scarification (sanding the region opposite the embryonic axis), thermal (immersion in water at 40 ºC, 60 ºC and 80 ºC for 5 min) and chemical (immersion in sulfuric acid 98% for 15; 30; 45 and 60 min), as well as its imbibition in solutions containing GA3 (gibberellic acid) at concentrations of 250; 500; 750 and 1000 mg L-1 on germination and speed of germination of seeds of the species. The results showed that the pre-germination treatments of mechanical and thermal scarification presented the best results compared to the other treatments.

Seed Dormancy and Germination in Alfalfa (Medicago falcata L.)

Background: Medicago falcata L. (M. falcata L.) is widely distributed in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, which is a significant source of resistance genes. Its seeds have a high level of physical dormancy (PD). The current study aimed to study the dormancy characteristics, water absorption characteristics and methods for releasing hard seeds of M. falcata L., to reveal the the relationship between seed coat structure and water absorption and to understand the dormancy characteristics, which can provide theoretical basis for seed dormancy and seed biology research. Methods: Seed germination rate (GR), absorption, germination inhibitor activity and initial site of water entry into seeds were measured to investigate the causes of seed dormancy. Treatments to break dormancy included: (1) sandpaper sanding, (2) ultrasonic treatment for 30 min after sandpaper sanding, (3) 98% sulfuric acid immersion (5,10, 20, 40, 60 and 120 min) and (4) hot water immersion at different temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80 and 90oC) for 10 min, 20 min and 30 min. Result: The results showed that the hard rate of untreated seeds was 99.33% and the hard rate after the seed coat was scratched was 1.33%. Based on the inhibitory activity test of M. falcata L. seeds, high concentration seed extract has an inhibitory effect on the growth of other seeds. The toludine staining test showed that the hilum and microscope are the initial and main parts for seed water absorption. The germination rate of seeds after soaking in 98% sulfuric acid for 40 minutes and ultrasonic treatment with sandpaper for 30 minutes is higher than 94%, which is an effective method to relieve the PY of M. falcata L. seeds.

Comparison of Different Surface Pre-Treatment on Mild Steel for Cobalt-Nickel-Iron Electroplating

Electroplating is extensively practiced in the industry to fabricate corrosion-protective coatings for steel in large-scale production. Mild steel easily rusts at ambient temperature thus surface pre-treatment is mandatory to eliminate rust and superficial scale from the steel. Pre-treatment ensures that the steel surface is free from contaminants, which may interfere with the surface quality of the protective coating. This research is done to investigate the effect of different pre-treatment methods on the surface quality of mild steel rings and cobalt-nickel-iron coated mild steel rings. These surfaces were achieved by polishing the ring and subjected to alkaline degreasing, followed by immersion in sulfuric acid or sodium chloride at 10 vol % concentration and different immersion times (50 s, 55 s, and 60 s). Direct electroplating was applied to fabricate the cobalt-nickel-iron coating. The surface morphology of metal substrate and coating after electroplating were tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDS), Vickers hardness, and surface roughness tests. Both types of pre-treatments provided lower surface roughness on the metal substrate and resulted in full coatings without voids formation. The results showed that pre-treatment using sulfuric acid exhibited higher hardness and a smoother coating surface. Agglomerates and cracking were observed on the surface coating treated with sodium chloride.

On the mechanical properties and vibrational characteristics of the nanoparticle-reinforced composite cylindrical panels in the acidic environment: Numerical and experimental investigation

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of nano-clay and nano-silica particles on the vibrational characteristics of composite cylindrical panels in corrosive environments. In this context, due to the presence of diluted sulfuric acid as the corrosive solution, the coupling effects of material degradation and hygroscopic loading on the natural frequencies are taken into consideration. In order to achieve this, it is first explored through experiment how adding nanoparticles affects the coefficient of hygroscopic expansion of the glass/epoxy specimens. Using this coefficient, the in-plane loading caused by corrosive solution is then applied in the equations. The mechanical properties and hygroscopic expansion coefficients of the composite samples exposed to the corrosive environment are first determined by certain experimental testing. The equations of motion are derived using the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), and the vibration problem is solved using the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) technique. Investigation is conducted into the effects of various nanoparticles, immersion time, geometrical elements, and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies of the cylindrical panels. It is found that adding nanoparticles can significantly improve the mechanical properties, the corrosion resistance, and the natural frequencies of composites in which the nano-clay is more effective. For example, adding nano-clay and nano-silica particles, respectively, results in 32.32% and 26.29% increase in elasticity modulus of reinforced glass/epoxy composite. In addition, 12.71% and 47.32% improvements are observed in the natural frequency of the nano-clay reinforced composite panel before and after 90 days of immersion in sulfuric acid. In comparison, the nano-silica particles are responsible for 7.80% and 23.03% increase in natural frequency before and after immersion time.

On the benefits of vegetable oil addition for the pore structure and acid resistance of alkali-activated systems

The impact of high additions of vegetable oil (12 vol%) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of metakaolin-slag-based alkali-activated materials (AAMs) was studied. The addition of oil resulted in a slight decrease in initial polymerization kinetics but did not affect the final degree of reaction. AAM-oil-composite-mortars exhibited approximately ∼30% lower compressive strength primarily due to the entrainment of air voids. Newly formed soap phases significantly reduced the volume of small capillary and gel pores (pore radii <15 nm), leading to a decrease in specific inner surface area by a factor of up to 15. The porosity modification induced by the oil addition greatly enhanced the resistance of AAMs against sulfuric acid attack, shifting the dominant processes from diffusion and cracks to framework-dissolution controlled by the inherent phase stabilities. Following the immersion in sulfuric acid (pHstat = 2) for 8 weeks, the depth of corroded layer decreased by 70% and no cracks due to expansive phases were observed. These promising findings suggest that the incorporation of vegetable oil in AAMs has the potential to address durability concerns associated with diffusion-based corrosion processes, thereby expanding the range of future applications.

In vitro micropropagation of huizache: Preliminary results

The irrational exploitation of native species of arid and semi-arid zones of Mexico has created the need to carry out research work that contributes to the reforestation of those zones, so the aim of this research was to establish the methodology of scarification and in vitro multiplication of the huizache. For scarification, three treatments were used; T1: Immersion in hot water for 20 minutes; T2: immersion in sulfuric acid for 1 h and cut with the scalpel before seeding; T3: sand the seeds and place them in water for 12 h. Once the scarification process was completed, the seeds were disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite and placed in flasks containing water-agar. For the multiplication phase, Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with sucrose 30 g L-1, phytagel 2.5 g L-1 and four treatments were used: T1: BAP 0.5 mg L-1+ kin 0.5 mg L-1+ Chitosan 60 mg L -1; T2: BAP 1 mg L-1+ kin 0.5 mg L-1+ Chitosan 60 mg L-1; T3: BAP 0.5 mg L-1+ kin 0.5 mg L-1; T4: BAP 1 mg L-1+ kin 0.5 mg L-1. As results, in the scarification phase, the best treatments were T2 and T3 with 100% germination, and in the multiplication phase, T4 favored a multiplication coefficient of 3 and greater height and number of leaves in the explants than the rest of the treatments. These results will allow establishing the in vitro methodology of this important species.

Effects of acid attack and cassava flour dosage on the interfacial transition zone thickness, durability and mechanical characteristics of high-strength (HS) concrete

Due to its higher porosity, the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), that is, the zone between the hardened cement paste (HCP) and the aggregate, is the weakest point in concrete. It is less resistant to cracking than both HCP and aggregate, and microcracks begin in this zone when the load is applied and propagates into the mass of concrete. The goal of this research is to investigate how various dosages of cassava flour (CF) addition affect the ITZ and how this is related to the mechanical properties of concrete, including its resistance to sulfuric acid. CF is added as a percentage of Portland pozzolanic cement (PPC) used as a binder, with dosages of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%. The morphology of CF and PPC was studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray fluorescent (XRF) techniques. Changes in the thickness of the ITZ were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of sulfuric acid was observed by immersing samples of concrete in a 2% sulfuric acid solution. The results show that adding CF up to 3% progressively reduced the thickness of ITZ and improved the densification of concrete. As more CF was added, the ITZ began to widen again, but even at 5% CF addition, the thickness of the ITZ remained well below that of the control. The workability of fresh concrete decreased with an increase in CF dosage, but CF addition increased the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of hardened concrete. The greatest compression resistance was achieved at a 3% cassava flour addition level, which was 83.8 MPa after 180 days of curing and 8.9 MPa, 4.7 MPa for flexural and splitting strengths, respectively, after 90 days of curing. All the concrete samples containing CF had lower strengths than the control after immersion in sulfuric acid, with the concrete with 3% CF performing better than the others. The research concludes that CF used as an additive to concrete in dosages up to 5% improves the ITZ zone, leading to improved mechanical properties. However, resistance to sulfuric acid attacks is reduced. In all tests, it has been shown that a CF dosage of 3% gives the best results.

Effect of Microstructure of Additively Manufactured Inconel 625 on Long-Term Corrosion Behaviour in Sulfuric Acid Media

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the microstructure of Inconel 625 additively manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and laser-assisted directed energy deposition (LDED) on the resistance to corrosion in sulfuric acid solution. Corrosion tests lasted 30 days, 90 days and 180 days. Microstructure characterization was performed using light microscopy, scanning and scanning-transmission electron microscopy. Corrosion resistance measurements were conducted using polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy. After immersion in sulfuric acid, the corrosion pits were observed on the surface. The area fraction of corrosion pits increased with prolongation of the test and after 180 days was equal to 9.63% and 4.49% in LPBF and LDED specimens, respectively. The higher density of the pits occurred along the boundaries of the melt pools, grain boundaries and cell walls and next to precipitates. It was determined that higher drop in impedance and increase in corrosion current occurred in LPBF than LDED Inconel 625, which was mainly related to a more intensive propagation of corrosion pits in areas with higher free energy. Furthermore, the weaker corrosion resistance is related to a more refined microstructure with a higher density of the preferential sites of localized corrosion after long-term corrosion in sulfuric acid.

Effect of chitosan on the mechanical properties and acid resistance of metakaolin-blast furnance slag-based geopolymers.

Adding organics in the process of geopolymer synthesis can combine the functional groups of organics with the three-dimensional structure of geopolymer, thus changing the properties of geopolymer such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and acid resistance. In this work, excellent mechanical properties and acid resistance of metakaolin-blast furnance slag (Mk-BFS)-based geopolymer were synthesized by the incorporation of chitosan. The formation of sodium-alumino-silicate-hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel and calium-alumino-silicate-hydrate (C-A-S-H) gel in geopolymerization were characterized by 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). At 5% of chitosan, the compressive strength of Mk-BFS-based geopolymer could reach to 33.7MPa. The results could be ascribed to that chitosan reacts with geopolymer to generate new C-O-Si structure meanwhile adhesion produced by the combination of positively charged cations and negatively charged ions makes the structure of geopolymer denser. After 7days of sulfuric acid immersion, the reduction of compressive strength is less than 3MPa, demonstrating its great acid resistance. The acid resistance of Mk-BFS-based geopolymer could attribute to that the free amino groups in chitosan preferentially react with acid solution and weakened the erosion of sulfuric acid. This study optimizes the compressive strength and acid resistance of geopolymer by adding appropriate amount of chitosan.

The influence of seed structures on dormancy in seeds of &lt;i&gt;Urochloa&lt;/i&gt; hybrid cultivar ‘Mulato Ⅱ’

This study determined the effects of seed structures on seed dormancy and tested methods to break dormancy in seeds of Urochloa hybrid cultivar ‘Mulato II’. Seeds stored for 10 months in indoor ambient conditions were studied to determine effects of seed structures on seed germination and their water permeability. Results showed that seed structures presented a barrier to water permeability. Removal of lemmas, puncturing the seed coat, seed structure removal and sulfuric acid immersion all reduced seed dormancy. Water and alcohol extracts from different parts of seeds inhibited seed germination of Brassica pekinensis seeds. There were 3 mechanisms responsible for seed dormancy; first, the mechanical barrier of seed structures, which excluded water and reduced gas exchange as well as restricting growth of the embryo; second, an endogenous germination inhibitor mainly found in lemmas; and third, water permeability of the seed coat (including pericarp and testa). The mechanical removal of lemmas and immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid reduced seed dormancy, although mechanical removal of the lemma alone was effective, convenient and safer.

The Effect of Scarification Treatments and Seed Moisture Content on the Hardseededness of ‘Taitung No.1’ Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Seeds

Seeds of some winged bean varieties have low germination due to the presence of water-impermeable hardseeds. Seeds of ‘Taitung No.1’ winged bean had only 31% germination because the remaining 69% of seeds had a water-impermeable seedcoat. Sandpaper abrasion and sulfuric acid immersion for 15 and 25 min effectively removed hardseededness of the seeds, resulting in more than 89% germination. As seed moisture content (MC) decreased from 14.8% to 7%, the percentage of seeds with a water-impermeable seedcoat increased. Seed lots with 14.8%, 11%, 9%, and 7% MC had 7%, 38%, 56%, and 78% of hardseeds, respectively, on day 7 in the germination test. It was found that the hilum was responsible for water loss from the whole seed, and the seedcoats began to become water-impermeable at 12% MC. The lens and micropylar regions were initial water entry sites in the Vaseline-blocking experiment.

Belitic calcium sulfoaluminate cement subjected to sulfate attack and sulfuric acid

Belitic calcium sulfoaluminate (BCSA) cement is a hydraulic rapid-setting cement with a different composition and properties compared to portland cement. There is currently limited information about its sulfate resistance and its resistance to sulfuric acid is not known. The ASTM C1012, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution and a modified ASTM C1012 accelerated method were used to compare the sulfate resistance of BCSA cement, portland cement (PC), and PC-fly ash blends. BCSA cement, citric acid dosages in BCSA cement mixes, PC, and PC-fly ash blends were examined through mortar bar expansion. The most sulfate-resistant mixes contained BCSA cement or a blend of PC and class F fly ash. Citric acid dosage did not appear to affect resistance of BCSA cement to sulfate attack. Resistance of PC, PC-fly ash blends, and BCSA cement to a sulfuric acid solution was also compared. Compressive strength and volumetric changes were measured after prolonged immersion in sulfuric acid. Water to cementitious material (w/cm) ratios and curing time for BCSA were also analyzed to establish if these factors influenced resistance to sulfuric acid attack. The most acid resistant mix contained a blend of PC and class F fly ash. A higher w/cm (0.56) was found to be more resistant against sulfuric acid attack when using BCSA, while differing cure times did not clearly indicate sulfuric acid resistance.

Method to overcome dormancy in seeds from unconventional food plant: Phytolacca americana (Phytolaccaceae)

Plant species Phytolacca americana (Phytolaccaceae) can be classified as UFP (Unconventional Food Plant); it is used for food and/or medicinal purposes due to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic and anti-arthritic properties; moreover, it is suitable to treat different skin diseases. However, its seeds present integumentary dormancy caused by uneven germination. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of chemical scarification in sulfuric acid on dormancy overcome in Phytolacca americana (Phytolaccaceae) seeds. Seeds were immersed in 4 ml sulfuric acid, which was concentrated through different immersion times (2, 5, 8, 11 and 15 min), and compared to the control treatment (without sulfuric acid). The study followed a completely randomized design with six treatments and four repetitions, with 50 seeds per treatment. The following parameters were assessed: days to start germination (DSG), germination (G), germination speed index (GSI), abnormal plantlets (AP), dead seeds (DS), hard seeds (HS) and total dry mass (TDM). Data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk test for variance normality. The analysis of variance and regression were carried out in RStudio software, version 4.1.0. Means recorded for treatments were compared through Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The treatment based on immersion in sulfuric acid for 2 min was the most efficient in overcoming dormancy in this species, since it led to the best results for germination variables and total biomass accumulation in plantlets.

SEMINIFEROUS PROPAGATION OF Cordia oncocalyx (Allemão) Baill. AND BIOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF DIASPORES AND SEEDS

ABSTRACT Cordia oncocalyx Allemão Baill., widely known as “pau-branco”, is a native species from the Caatinga (Brazilian Savannah) and has socioeconomic and environmental potential; however, there are few silvicultural studies on this species. Therefore, this paper aimed to analyze and compare the biometric characteristics of diaspores and seeds through manual biometrics and by digital image processing, and to evaluate the in vitro and ex vitro germination of C. oncocalyx. In the biometrics evaluation, three hundred diaspores and three hundred seeds were used, applying manual and digital biometrics. Subsequently, ex vitro emergence was determined, testing mechanical scarification (in different regions of the diaspore) and chemical scarification (immersion in sulfuric acid for 90 min and 180 min). Finally, in vitro germination was tested with different compositions of Murashige &amp; Skoog (M&amp;S) culture medium and sucrose addition. Results showed that digital image processing is a viable and fast technique to obtain the biometric parameters of C. oncocalyx fruit and seeds. Chemical and mechanical treatments on diaspores have not influenced seed emergence (0.33%). The composition of the culture medium has influenced the germination percentage, and the maximum value of 96% % was obtained with 6 g/L of sucrose and 0.90 g/L of M&amp;S medium. Thus, the seminiferous propagation of C. oncocalyx can be performed successfully when the seeds are germinated in vitro, and the digital image processing shows the solidity and applicability aiming to evaluate the quantitative parameters of seed and fruit of this species.

Microstructure and corrosion resistance of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating on sintered NdFeB magnets prepared by HVOF spraying

AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating was formed on the surface of sintered NdFeB magnets by high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying. The surface and fractured cross-sectional morphologies, phase composition and corrosion resistances of the coating were investigated using SEM, XRD, accelerated corrosion immersion test and electrochemical test, respectively. At the same time, the effect of AlCoCrFeNi coating on magnetic properties of NdFeB magnet was also studied. The results show that the surface of HEA coating exhibits the typical spraying morphologies, and the thickness is approximately 15 μm. The HEA coating is mainly composed of single BCC phase, and has little effect on the magnetic properties of the NdFeB magnet. In the sulfuric acid immersion test, few bubbles can be generated on the surface of the HEA coated sample after immersed for 300 min, and the weight loss is only 0.49 g/dm2, only 0.93 % of the uncoated sample. In the electrochemical test, the AlCoCrFeNi coated NdFeB sample also shows better corrosion resistance than the uncoated NdFeB sample. The present work provides a promising coating to improve the corrosion resistance of sintered NdFeB magnets.

Development of sulfuric-acid resistant concrete with reduced carbon emissions

A recent social problem in Japan is the corrosion of concrete structures at sewerage facilities caused by sulfuric acid in the sewage, causing the structures to deteriorate before their expected life span. At the same time, low-carbon concretes using reduced amounts of cement are being developed as a response to concerns about global warming.The production of cement emits large amounts of carbon dioxide, so it is being replaced by blast furnace slag and fly ash, which are industrial by-products. In this study, low-carbon concretes with good sulfuric acid resistance are developed by replacing cement with various proportions of blast furnace slag fine powder, and fly ash. In particular, the concrete with 20% cement, 20% water-binder ratio has a high compressive strength of 60 N/mm2 or more and shows good resistance to sulfuric acid as demonstrated by a reduced mass change rate and neutralization depth in sulfuric acid immersion tests.