Immense Force Research Articles

Heroism or Tragedy: The Sublime in the Revolutionary Romanticism of Soviet Aesthetics

Studies on Soviet culture have treated the aesthetics of the sublime predominantly in terms of the Soviet sublime as manifested in Stalinist culture. This article will argue that the sublime cannot, in its impact on Soviet aesthetics, be delimited to imperial representations. The aesthetics of the sublime in Romanticism and its continuation into modernism in European Literatures arose from a problematization of the very notion of representation in art, in the mind and in politics. The legacy of this aesthetics in Soviet literature can be linked to the paradoxical quest for a means of representing or writing the breakdown in the understanding of the world that occurred after the Revolution. As will be shown in examples from 1920s Soviet literature, the people appear as an immense natural force that demands a different means of presentation.

Uneven Temporalities of Modernity: The Portrayal of Modernisation in E. M. Forster’s Howards End and Füruzan’s 47'liler

Arguably a cultural consequence of the extensive societal transformation that is modernisation, the novel is a literary form that bears witness to, embodies and reveals its extent. Each literary tradition has its own version of the modern novel that seeks to make sense of the complexities of such an immense force. This paper compares two novels, E. M. Forster’s Howards End (1910) and Füruzan’s 47’liler (1974, Generation of ’47), in order to explore some of the similarities and differences between the English and Turkish literary responses to modernisation. The incentive for such an uncommon comparison comes from the uneven temporalities of the modernisation process in varying geographies that accentuate unique probabilities alongside general patterns. By choosing two temporally disparate novels from cultures that have differing experiences with modernity, it aims to challenge conventional approaches and encourage alternative perspectives in both literary traditions.

Design of Compound Die for Production of Cutting Blades for Nonactive Rotary Paddy Weeder

Press working is a chip-less manufacturing process on sheet metal through the application of immense force with the help of press tools for short interval and hence results in shearing or deformation of the work material. It is a chip-less manufacturing process by which various components are made from sheet metal. A compound die is one that is used for cutting operations only, and the operation is completed by a single-press stroke. In this article, a die was designed to serve the purpose of cutting down the blades for paddy weeder and clearances to be provided in the die were calculated so as to reduce the material consumption with reduction in production cycle time. The die thus designed served for the purpose with 73% reduction in production time, with enhanced quality and helped in enabling mass production by eliminating several processes such as marking, cutting done with the help of a cutter, shaping, and so on.

Volcanic ash in the air we breathe

Volcanic ash in the air we breathe

A social/emotional theory of ‘mental illness’

One reason that theories of mental illness have made little progress may be their focus on individuals, omitting the social/relational and emotional world. Adding these components will be difficult, however: in modern societies they have become virtually invisible, particularly the emotion of shame. The theory outlined here is based on the work of Cooley, Elias, Lewis and Goffman: shame is both social and individual and, if anticipation is included, virtually omnipresent in modern societies. It is proposed that most symptoms of mental illness are products of shame and relational feedback loops: emotion and alienation can both spiral leading to further alienation and chaotic or hidden emotions. Almost everyone is especially ashamed of their shame. Being ashamed of one's shame and/or anger can spiral when not acknowledged. Under certain conditions, these spirals continue without limit, generating immense force for acting out symptoms or depression. To the extent that this theory is true, we would need to rename the field using non-medical terms, such as emotional/social dysfunction.

Retraction of enteropathogenic E. coli type IV pili promotes efficient host cell colonization, effector translocation and tight junction disruption

Type IV pili (Tfp) play a primary role in mediating the adherence of pathogenic bacteria to their hosts. The pilus filament can retract with an immense force. However, the role of this activity in microbial pathogenesis has not been rigorously explored. Experiments performed on volunteers suggested that the retraction capacity of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) Tfp is required for full virulence. Here we review our recent study1 in which we showed that the retraction capacity of the EPEC Tfp facilitates tight-junction disruption and actin-rich pedestal formation by promoting efficient bacterial protein effector translocation into epithelial host cells. We also present new data using live imaging confocal microscopy suggesting that EPEC adheres to monolayers in microcolonies and that Tfp retraction facilitates significant changes in the microcolony shape, which may be critical for efficient effector delivery. Our studies hence suggest novel insights into the role of pili retraction in EPEC pathogenesis.

Quality, Demand, and the Pressures of Reputation: Rethinking Perugino

What is the economic meaning of reputation? The associations that existed among reputation, demand, production, and price in the careers of popular Renaissance painters are complex. A body of written, visual, and analytic material from about 1500 concerning the painter Pietro Perugino makes it possible to investigate these interrelations and to explore the strategies that arose to deal with the demand that resulted from fame. Reputation and demand together exerted immense force on production practices, and this pressure had significant effects on the quality of works of art, regardless of price.

Claim of largest flood on record proves false

A study of paleofloods in the Gardon River in southern France reveals the occurrence of past extreme floods that were larger than any observed historically. From 8 to 9 September 2002, during the course of the study by a complete coincidence, an extreme flood claimed the lives of 21 people and caused millions of dollars worth of damage to the towns and villages along the river. This flood was larger in magnitude than any flood on record, according to gaged data since 1890.An autumn storm, which is typical of this region, struck with immense force. The rain cell migrated from the lower reaches of the basin on the evening of 8 September to the upper parts of the basin, producing 680 mm of rain in 20 hours.The flood's peak discharge is preliminary estimated at 6000 m3 s−1. This flood is now considered by the media and professionals to be “The largest flood on record.” However, our research proves otherwise.

The Left and the 'Unfinished Revolution': Bevanites and Soviet Russia in the 1950s

This article looks at the Labour Left's perceptions of the Soviet Union in the 1950s and examines one of the most important sources of hope about its future evolution. It shows that for many socialists the Soviet Union was a contradictory phenomenon, at once profoundly repellent and yet capable of exercising an immense attractive force throughout the decade. For the progressive features of the system to finally dominate and overcome the many-sided backwardness of Russia, the argument was heard that the Soviet Union needed time and above all peace. This contention was taken seriously because the dynamic, modernising forces in Russian society were considered to be rooted in the socialist bases of its economy. It was an economy characterised by planning and nationalised property, and in the factional struggle which divided the Labour party in the 1950s, these were the key components of the Left's faith. By the end of the decade and the beginning of the 1960s both the old Bevanite Left and the technocratic centre-left drew inspiration from the progress of the Soviet economy.

The Real American Dream: A Meditation on Hope

Since we discovered that, in Tocqueville's words, incomplete joys of this world will never satisfy the heart, how have we Americans made do? In this book one of the nation's premier literary scholars searchers out the symbols and stories by which Americans have reached for something beyond worldly desire. a spiritual history ranging from the first English settlements to the present day, the book is also a learned meditation on hope. Andrew Delbanco tells of the stringent god of protestant Christianity, who exerted immense force over language, institutions and customs of the culture for nearly 200 years. He describes the falling away of this god and the rise of the idea of a sacred nation-state. And, finally, he speaks of our own moment, when symbols of nationalism are decline, leaving us with nothing to satisfy the longing for transcendence one sustained by God and nation. From the Christian story that expressed the earliest puritan yearnings to the new age spirituality, apocalyptic environmentalism and multicultural search for ancestral roots that divert our own, this work evokes the tidal rhythm of American history. It shows how Americans have organized their days and ordered their lives - an ultimately created a culture - to make sense of the pain, desire, pleasure, and fear that are the stuff of human experience. In a time of cultural crisis, when the old seem to be faltering, this book offers a lesson in the painstaking of the American dream.

Speed

Speed

More and Better Justice

The principle that people's lives and fundamental interests are of equal value and that they must therefore be given equal weight has immense intellectual appeal and intuitive force. It is often enough to discredit a theory or proposal simply to show that it violates this principle. When measures are said to be discriminatory or unfair it is this principle which is in play. Recent philosophers of widely differing schools and outlooks give versions of this principle a central role in their theories.

Antidote for Environmental Hysteria

There have been movements in this country in past years which have caught on to the same degree that Americans have embraced environment, ecology, and related subjects. Abolition of slavery was probably one of these earlier movements, and the prohibition and antiprohibition campaigns earlier in this century were others. Recently, a writer defined three kinds of pollution—actual, political, and hysterical. The extent of the hysterical class of pollution has made the subject of immense emotive force leading to almost unlimited political pollution. There are those who, in the guise of preserving our environment, would want us to stop building roads, and dams, to give up travel and to reduce our use of energy. But don't forget that man is part of nature. Don't forget that he lives on the earth by using nature and nature's products. More than anyone else it is the engineer, and particularly the civil engineer's job that make it possible for him to live happily and peaceably on this planet.