Immense Amount Of Energy Research Articles

Dynamic evolution and morphological analysis of supersonic turbulence arising during the collision of prolate and spherical clouds

Our understanding of the formation and interaction processes of astronomical structures in the Universe and in galaxies has significantly expanded due to recent progress in improving the quality of observations, brought about by the emergence of new telescopes. Such processes are associated with the release of a significant amount of energy and may influence our vital activities. One example of energy flow release is magnetic storms, which are associated with processes occurring on the Sun. Such storms lead to disruptions of communication facilities, impact people, and can cause satellite and aircraft failures. There are objects in both near and deep space that are much more powerful than our star. In such objects, enormous energy flows are generated and released in the form of space jets. These energy flows occur in quasars, black holes, protostars, and during supernova explosions of types Ia, Ib, Ic, and II. During a supernova explosion, an immense amount of energy is released in the form of energy and high-energy particles. Such processes can have a significant impact on the safety of space flights. In this paper, the processes of formation of stellar systems within a turbulent interstellar medium are considered. This process is the result of complex processes that occur in the interstellar medium and denser gas formations – molecular clouds. At the same time, there are nonlinear interactions between turbulence and gravity, collisions between molecular clouds, interactions with shock waves, and so on. Supersonic turbulence is one of the main reasons for the formation of dynamic prestellar structures. The evolution of superdense substances formation begins when they gather in turbulent flows or are formed by supersonic collisions between molecular clouds. This process continues until these areas reach prestellar density. Depending on various factors, these superdense formations can either collapse and form new star systems or disintegrate, returning the substance to the interstellar medium. Until recently, the prevailing opinion was that a significant portions of molecular clouds were not gravitationally bound. Conclusions about this were made based on the virial theorem, which expresses the relationship between gravitational and kinetic energy. However, recent studies have refuted this. In this paper, the results of a simulation carried out to study the collision of large ellipsoidal and spherical molecular clouds in a three-dimensional setting. The simulation was conducted on high-resolution grids and utilized the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method.

Hydrodynamic Performance of A‐Jacks Concrete Armor Units in Riverbeds around Downstream in Flip Buckets

The jet flipped from flip buckets hits the dam’s downstream side as a free jet with an immense amount of energy, leading to bed erosion. Erosion of river bed materials downstream of dams could affect the performance of dams or power plants by altering the tailwater depth, rendering proper designs of controlling structures or erosion reduction methods highly indispensable in this regard. Hence, the hydrodynamic performance of A‐Jacks concrete armor units in controlling scour was examined in this study. A‐Jacks armors are applicable as a flexible protection without environmental risks often for bed erosion control. The desirable functionality of A‐Jacks armors depends on the flow hydrodynamic parameters such as velocity profile variations (U/UB), the Reynolds stresses ( and τv′w′), and the skin friction coefficient (Cf) created as a consequence of using A‐Jacks armors on beds. The size of A‐Jacks elements can have a role in increasing the flow turbulence to a certain depth so that after the impact of the flow with A‐Jacks armor, the vortices’ intensity as well as the shear stress affecting the bed gradually decreases. The results of the numerical model suggest that the surge in the flow turbulence energy dissipation downstream of flip buckets significantly mitigates the underlying conditions of scouring phenomena, which is evidence of A‐Jacks armors’ acceptable performance in scaling down scour depths.

Smart gating of the flexible Ag@CoxMo1-xP and rGO-loaded composite based personal thermal management device inspired by the neuroanatomic circuitry of endotherms

• The WKF based PTM device has been developed with the (Ag@Co x Mo 1-x P) on WKF surface. • Ag@Co x Mo 1-x P coupled with rGO promoted the efficient Joule heating, 76 °C at 2.1 V. • This PTM showed higher infrared reflectance (97.9%) and thermal insulation (52.1%) • This PTM exhibited high impact resistance (162.2%) and tensile strength (94.9%). • This PTM devices could help to provide a comfortable personal environment. Personal thermoregulation is a major goal in the development of smart, wearable devices, regardless of climate conditions, and can reduce the demand for power from external sources. An immense amount of energy is consumed for heating indoor environments in cold weather, while body heat is continually radiated into the surroundings. Maintaining comfortable personal thermal conditions while outdoors in the summer is also challenging. Here, we have developed a novel personal thermoregulatory (PTM) device inspired by the thermoregulation mechanism of endotherms. The PTM device features a smart heating/cooling mechanism that responds to changing climatic conditions. The devices were fabricated with woven Kevlar fiber (WKF) containing perpendicularly grown silver nanoparticle-decorated branched cobalt molybdenum phosphide nanowires (Ag@Co x Mo 1-x P). These fibers were spin-coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) dispersed in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) or PEDOT:PSS/poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). Ag@Co x Mo 1-x P coupled with rGO promoted efficient Joule heating, attaining 76 °C at 2.1 V, in WKF/PEDOT:PSS. Ag@Co x Mo 1-x P incorporated into WKF/PEDOT:PSS showed higher infrared (IR) reflectance (97.9%) and thermal insulation (52.1%) than bare WKF/PEDOT:PSS. However, IR transmittance increased, and thermal insulation decreased, with increasing surrounding temperature when Ag@Co x Mo 1-x P were incorporated into a PNIPAM composite. All of the Ag@Co x Mo 1-x P and rGO-loaded composites exhibited remarkable durability, flexibility, and air permeability, with increased impact resistance (162.2%) and tensile strength (94.9%). The Ag@Co x Mo 1-x P device fabricated without PNIPAM functioned as a wearable heater and, when doped with PNIPAM, provided a passive heating/cooling effect depending on the environmental temperature. Thus, our PTM devices could help to mitigate the world energy crisis by helping the wearer maintain to a comfortable personal environment while minimizing household energy consumption.

A Preamble-Based Broadcasting Technique for Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Broadcasting is a fundamental operation in any wireless networks, more so in wireless ad hoc sensor networks, where each sensor node has limited transmission range as well as battery power. Although broadcasting in wireless ad hoc sensor networks has many advantages but it can cause serious problems like-broadcast storm, which could cause a lot of contention, redundant retransmission, collision and most importantly, drain immense amount of energy from limited battery powered sensor nodes. In this work, our objective is to reduce the number of retransmission and energy consumption of sensor nodes by using the duty cycle property of wireless ad hoc sensor networks. We propose a preamble-based broadcasting technique for wireless ad hoc sensor networks. We show that in dense wireless ad hoc sensor networks a small size preamble can give maximum network-wide data dissemination rather than using the large preamble, which will only consume immense amount of energy during packet reception.

War, Peace, and American Politics

Zbigniew Brzezinski remains at 79 the same feisty, acerbic intellectual he has always been, giving little quarter to his opponents. Admired rather than loved, he was, as President Jimmy Carter's national security advisor, the antithesis of the careful, more rounded, secretary of state, Cyrus Vance. Indeed, during that period, he was seen as the voice that gradually dissuaded Carter of his own more pacific inner convictions. He was responsible for the confrontational tone of accusations against the Soviet Union's failings on the human rights front, while at the same time playing down the human rights abuses in friendly countries such as Iran and Pakistan. He was the prime White House voice for secretly arming the mujahidin to fight the Soviets in Afghanistan, even before the Red Army invaded. It was he who persuaded Carter to block Vance's instinct to complete what the Soviets wanted—a further freeze on nuclear arms and instead go for the more demanding course of arms reductions, which badly upset Moscow. At the same time he was the only one in the foreign policy apparatus with a vision of where America should lead the world. He was the philosopher king of the White House. Thus, it was he who persuaded Carter that it was possible to bring peace to the Middle East and to expend an immense amount of energy in successfully reconciling Israel and Egypt. He saw more clearly than most the importance of the United Nations and encouraged Andrew Young in his remarkably creative and highly unusual ambassadorship to that body. Today, he has a powerful advisory role in Barack Obama's presidential bid and has emerged as President George W Bush's most searing foreign policy critic.

Geothermal Alternate Energy: Expanding the Options

Immense amounts of energy can be obtained from the hot dry rock (HDR) of the earth, as an extension/expansion of the hydrothermal resources. The extraction of usable energy from a HDR reservoir made by hydraulically fracturing the hot, but essentially dry rock between two deep drill holes has been successfully demonstrated at Fenton Hill, New Mexico, by the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Depending on the location and depth of future HDR reservoirs, the extracted heat may be either high grade (for generation of electricity), or low grade (for direct‐use space heating, food processing, etc.). The circulating hot water can also be used to augment energy production from other energy systems, such as boiler feedwater preheat, process heat for synfuel production, or stimulating bacteria growth in cold climates (for instance, more rapid digestion in sewage treatment plants or landfill dumps). When the HDR technology of drilling and fracturing in crystalline rock is coupled with solar energy production, excess summertime heat from solar collection facilities can be transferred and stored in manmade underground reservoirs for wintertime withdrawal and utilization. The same technology can provide huge, but easily accessible, heat sinks for reject industrial heat, creating many options for industry, municipalities, and district heating organizations to integrate energy demands with heat disposal requirements.

Analytical solutions of the problem of violent explosions in a plasma of varying density

Analytical solutions of the non-linear problem of violent explosions in a plasma of varying density under power law have been obtained. A critical law for a medium of decreasing density from the source of explosion is determined for which the problem admits a very simple solution but beyond this critical line analytical solutions admit another discontinuity automatically occuring inside a blast wave region. It is assumed that a disturbance caused by violent explosion due to sudden release of immense amount of energy is expanding very rapidly and is headed by a strong MHD shock wave. It is found that the discontinuity appearing inside a blast wave region causes a violation of continuum theory in the physical plane and consequently a cavity is formed. Analytical solutions predict that just before a discontinuity appears, the gas pressure falls to zero and the solution breaks down and can not be extended further.

Practical Municipal Sanitation.

New York City, March 1, 1899. To the Editor: —The twentieth century promises to be an eminently practical age. Theorists, dreamers and blatants bawling reform are giving place to the doers of good, the active workers in the ranks of humanitarians. The gospel of health, mental and physical, spread by practical enthusiasts, gives greater reason to hope for the civilization of the heathen than the preaching by fanatic zealots, who have only succeeded in opening the gate to their syphilization and tuberculization. The ardent missionary men and women who have labored to clothe naked savages in red flannel petticoats and thereby taught them, by studiously hiding their sexual organs, to give them a prominence that had never occurred to their virginal minds, when a surf bath and a fresh coating of cocoanut oil were their daily toilet, have wasted an immense amount of energy, that, directed to the betterment of