Imitation Strategies Research Articles

PORTRAIT OF STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE STRUGGLING READERS’ ENGAGEMENT IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

The present study sought to investigate the strategies employed by an English teacher in teaching reading at a junior high school. Different from previous research, which generally recruited several respondents, this study exclusively focused on a single teacher. This enabled a more detailed exploration of instructional strategies geared to a specific classroom setting. Employing qualitative descriptive design, the research was geared to examine the types of instructional strategies the teacher engaged, how these strategies were put at play, and their effectiveness in promoting students' English reading engagement. Data collection methods included observations and interviews with the teacher. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative analysis method. The findings unveiled that the teacher employed three main strategies for teaching reading: Question Answer Relationship Strategy, Reciprocal Teaching Strategy, and Imitation Strategy. These strategies were critical in enhancing students' comprehension of English texts through collaborative learning in making meaning based on provided texts. The findings underlined the importance of tailored instructional approaches that promote students’ active participation and reading engagement. This research contributes to the discussion on reading instruction by identifying practical strategies that can be adapted and implemented by English teachers to foster students' reading engagement effectively.

Shaping Hypercompetitive Industries: Implications for Innovation and Imitation Strategies

Shaping Hypercompetitive Industries: Implications for Innovation and Imitation Strategies

Problem Posing in Prospective Primary School Teacher: Perspective Commognitive

This research explores the problem-posing abilities of students, especially prospective primary school teachers, which are demonstrated through problem-posing creativity produced through worksheets. In exploring students' problem-posing abilities, descriptive research with a qualitative approach was used. The subjects in the research were prospective primary school teacher students who had taken a number concept course which was chosen based on the problem-posing strategy that emerged after solving the given problem. Furthermore, subjects were interviewed in-depth to find out cognitive by looking at four indicators, namely word use, visual mediator, narrative and routine. The research results showed that there were no subjects with imitation strategies and subjects with reformulation strategies and reconstruction strategies did not give rise to problem-posing using visual mediators. This is because the subject is not used to problem-posing mathematical models in the form of diagrams or symbols.

Інноваційні стратегії сталого розвитку підприємств в умовах мінливого ринку

The article analyzes various approaches to innovation development for enterprises operating in volatile markets. It explores critical innovation strategies, including proactive, reactive, imitative, niche, mergers and acquisitions (M&A), open innovation, incremental, and radical strategies. The proposed utilization of these strategies aims to ensure sustainable development for enterprises, considering their specific activities and market conditions. Proactive Strategies are characterized by their focus on anticipating and shaping market trends—proactive strategies position companies as market leaders by developing new products and services ahead of market demand. Analyzing technological trends and innovations is highlighted, enabling enterprises to maintain a competitive edge by staying ahead of competitors. Reactive strategies, however, adapt to changes in market and consumer demand. This approach involves responding swiftly to market shifts and competitive innovations. Imitative Strategies involve replicating or adapting innovations introduced by other companies. Niche Strategies concentrate on serving narrow market segments or specific technological niches. Companies utilizing niche strategies aim to become specialists in their chosen fields, offering unique solutions tailored to specific customer needs. This approach requires deep understanding, specialization, and expertise, allowing enterprises to command premium prices due to the distinctiveness of their products or services. This approach accelerates innovation processes by integrating external capabilities while reducing competitive pressures. However, successful implementation of M&A strategies demands meticulous planning and effective management to achieve synergy between organizations. In conclusion, the article offers a comprehensive framework for selecting and implementing innovative strategies tailored to enterprises’ specific needs and conditions in dynamic market environments. By strategically applying these approaches, enterprises can enhance their innovation capabilities, adapt to market changes effectively, and achieve sustainable development in the long term. Keywords: innovation strategies, sustainable development, dynamic market, proactive strategies, reactive strategies, imitative strategies, niche strategies, mergers and acquisitions, open innovation, incremental strategies, radical strategies, university partnerships, R&D, competitive advantage, market stability.

Competitive imitation and corporate innovation in private enterprises

The private economy has always been an important force in promoting the development of China's national economy. The unfair competition faced by private enterprises (PEs) compared to that faced by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in many areas will induce the competitive imitation of PEs. We find that PEs' competitive imitation strategy significantly inhibits innovation, while increased agency costs and reduced R&D investment are the two main mechanisms for this inhibitory effect. Furthermore, we find that this effect is stronger in firms with lower growth rate, worse information environment and stronger product market competition. However, the competitive imitation of PEs will eventually damage their innovation efficiency.

CREATIVE AND PURE IMITATION UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL TURBULENCE: EVIDENCE FROM AN EMERGING ECONOMY

Due to the significance of imitation in business success and economic growth, there is an increasing interest of scholars in exploring different dimensions of imitation, illuminating the ‘black box’ of imitation. Given the increasingly turbulent nature of business environments, this study aims to investigate creative and pure imitation-based competitive strategies and their performance under different levels of environmental turbulence. A theoretical framework was tested using a sample of manufacturing firms in Vietnam. The results revealed that creative imitation is positively associated with sustained competitive advantage, while the impact of pure imitation on sustained competitive advantage is negligible. Furthermore, environmental turbulence affects both creative and pure imitation, with only creative imitation mediating the effects of environmental turbulence on sustained competitive advantage. Lastly, environmental turbulence amplifies the effect of pure imitation on sustained competitive advantage, while it has minimal moderating effects on the relationship between creative imitation and sustained competitive advantage. This study contributes to the literature by being the first to examine the effect of environmental turbulence on the performance of both creative and pure imitation strategies.

Reactive bipedal balance: Coordinating compliance and stepping through virtual model imitation for enhanced stability

Compliance and step location adjustments are both important for robots to maintain balance when encountering external disturbances. Compared with controlling separately, unifying compliance with step location adjustments and integrating them into real-time pattern planning gets obvious advantages. However, the controllers’ models differ significantly from each other and from the dynamics of real position-controlled robots, compromising the stabilizing performance. In this paper, we propose a Virtual Model Imitation (VMI) strategy that unifies the controllers’ models and aligns them with actual robot dynamics. Based on this, a reactive pattern planning method is proposed which simultaneously coordinates compliance and step location adjusting strategies. The approach involves emulating the passive dynamic motion of a Linear Inverted Pendulum Model (LIPM) to enable the robot to respond to external disturbances with compliant motions automatically. Additionally, Zero Moment Point Intervened (ZI) estimation is employed to precisely determine the Center of Mass (CoM) state. Real-time optimization of step location is then conducted to stabilize the estimated CoM, actively responding to external disturbances. Importantly, the decision to adjust step location is quantitatively defined. To enhance efficiency, explicit solutions for both ZI Estimation and Step Location Optimization are provided to reduce computational costs. To validate our approach, we conducted simulations and experiments using the biped robot BHR-T, subjecting it to unexpected external pushes and obstacles during walking.

Imagine and Imitate: Cost-Effective Bidding under Partially Observable Price Landscapes

Real-time bidding has become a major means for online advertisement exchange. The goal of a real-time bidding strategy is to maximize the benefits for stakeholders, e.g., click-through rates or conversion rates. However, in practise, the optimal bidding strategy for real-time bidding is constrained by at least three aspects: cost-effectiveness, the dynamic nature of market prices, and the issue of missing bidding values. To address these challenges, we propose Imagine and Imitate Bidding (IIBidder), which includes Strategy Imitation and Imagination modules, to generate cost-effective bidding strategies under partially observable price landscapes. Experimental results on the iPinYou and YOYI datasets demonstrate that IIBidder reduces investment costs, optimizes bidding strategies, and improves future market price predictions.

Environmental regulation and carbon emissions: New mechanisms in game theory

The effective implementation of environmental regulations is crucial for mitigating environmental pollution. During the regulatory process, local governments engage in an interactive game. Based on sample data from 275 Chinese cities between 2012 and 2020, our findings demonstrate that local governments adopt imitative strategies, resulting in a “race to the top competition” in environmental regulation. The attention given by local governments to environmental protection, combined with the central government's restrictions on emission reduction targets, enhances the effectiveness of carbon emission reduction through environmental regulation. However, the inhibitory effect of environmental regulation on carbon emissions is diminished when local governments attract low-quality foreign direct investment (FDI). Additionally, both local and neighborhood effects of environmental regulation exhibit significantly positive impacts on carbon emissions in the eastern and central regions. In contrast, the western regions show significantly negative effects. Finally, our study reveals that environmental regulation has positive carbon emission reduction effects in non-pollution and pollution-prevention cities, as well as resource and non-resource cities. This study provides insight for China's “double‑carbon goal” and offers positive implications for the effective implementation of environmental regulations.

Концептуальные стратегии пост(соц)реализма (роман А. Тургенева «Чтобы Бог тебя разорвал изнутри на куски!»)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the text of Andrei Turgenev’s fiction novel “So that God tears you to pieces from the inside!”, published as a separate book by the Moscow publishing house “Eksmo” in 2008. The research was undertaken in order to identify and comprehend the imitation strategies of the critic Vyacheslav Kuritsyn, who acted as a novelist under the pseudonym Andrey Turgenev. The authors of the work prove that the “precedent” pseudonym of the author, allusively associated with the name of the Russian classic Ivan Turgenev, gives rise to the idea of a literary game started by the critic-writer to create an imitation text, the so-called “secondary” text. However, the authors emphasize that the classical Turgenev traditions were ignored by the modern writer. On the one hand he tried to combine the visual techniques of Fellini cinema in the novel text, and on the other hand, to reproduce the techniques and practices of the Moscow conceptualists D. Prigov, L. Rubinstein, V. Sorokin, etc. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the various aspects of the Kuritsyn-Turgenev novel are analytically examined, the axiological angles of the author’s playing position are revealed, and the dialogical connections of the novel are explicated. As a result, it is proved that (along with stylistic blunders) the dignity of the Kuritsyn-Turgenev genre experiment consists of an appeal to fundamental issues of literature and creativity, a semantically significant wealth of intertextual references to modern Russian and world literature.

The evolutionary prisoner’s dilemma game in continuous signed networks

Cooperative evolutionary games have been a focus in various subjects, but the discussion on signed networks is lacking, especially when players are assumed to have different degree of closeness with others, i.e. continuous signed network. To fill this gap, we introduce a negativity coefficient that responds to the effect of negative relationships and a new strategy imitation method that applies to continuous networks. The simulation results show the necessity of negative relations that promotes cooperation, and the increase of the influence of negative relations facilitates the generation of cooperative behaviors. The edge updating in adaptive networks promote cooperation but has little impact when negative edge influence is small. The experiments also prove that structural balance is helpful for increasing the share of cooperators in the evolution.

Coevolution of relationship and interaction in cooperative dynamical multiplex networks.

While actors in a population can interact with anyone else freely, social relations significantly influence our inclination toward particular individuals. The consequence of such interactions, however, may also form the intensity of our relations established earlier. These dynamical processes are captured via a coevolutionary model staged in multiplex networks with two distinct layers. In a so-called relationship layer, the weights of edges among players may change in time as a consequence of games played in the alternative interaction layer. As an reasonable assumption, bilateral cooperation confirms while mutual defection weakens these weight factors. Importantly, the fitness of a player, which basically determines the success of a strategy imitation, depends not only on the payoff collected from interactions, but also on the individual relationship index calculated from the mentioned weight factors of related edges. Within the framework of weak prisoner's dilemma situation, we explore the potential outcomes of the mentioned coevolutionary process where we assume different topologies for relationship layer. We find that higher average degree of the relationship graph is more beneficial to maintain cooperation in regular graphs, but the randomness of links could be a decisive factor in harsh situations. Surprisingly, a stronger coupling between relationship index and fitness discourage the evolution of cooperation by weakening the direct consequence of a strategy change. To complete our study, we also monitor how the distribution of relationship index vary and detect a strong relation between its polarization and the general cooperation level.

How does technology catch-up experience affect innovation performance of latecomer firms?: Evidence from the Korea pharmaceutical industry

ABSTRACT Drawing on the technological learning model of latecomer firms (LCFs) and the literature on catch-up, this paper examines how accumulated internal R&D investment, foreign technology in-licensing experience, and creative imitation experience independently and interactively affect innovation by LCFs. We showed that LCFs’ accumulated internal R&D investment and creative imitation experience have a positive impact on their innovation, respectively. However, LCFs’ creative imitation experience weakens the positive relationship between accumulated internal R&D investment and innovation, implying the paradoxical effect of LCFs’ creative imitation strategy on their innovation. Using the unique panel dataset on drugs developed by Korean pharmaceutical firms between 1999 and 2019, we find evidence that generally supports our hypotheses.

Cooperation with dynamic asymmetric evaluation in complex networks from a risk perspective.

The choice of strategy exposes individuals to the risk of betrayal. This induces individuals' irrational tendencies in strategy selection, which further influences the emergence of cooperative behavior. However, the underlying mechanisms connecting risk perception and the emergence of cooperation are still not fully understood. To address this, the classic evolutionary game model on complex networks is extended. We depict the interaction between strategy imitation and payoff evaluation from two perspectives: dynamic adjustment and irrational assessment. Specifically, the probability distortion involved in the dynamic selection of imitative reference points, as well as the asymmetric psychological utility associated with reference point dependence, is emphasized. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that individual irrational cognition induced by the risk of strategy selection can promote the emergence of cooperative behavior. Among them, the risk sensitivity within psychological utility has the most significant moderating effect. Moreover, the promoting effect of strong heterogeneity and high clustering in the network topology on cooperation under risk scenarios has been clarified. Additionally, the influence of initial states on the emergence of cooperation follows a step-like pattern. This research offers valuable insights for further exploring the cooperation mechanisms among irrational agents, even in scenarios involving the regulation of group cooperation behavior in risky situations.

СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ РЕКЛАМИ ЯК КОМПОНЕНТ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ

Manipulative advertising technologies, through the formation of pseudo-needs, become a powerful factor in stimulating demand, stratifying society into subjectively meaningful communities based on the criterion of access to prestigious brands, imitation of life strategies, manner and style of behavior of advertising characters. With the help of advertising, certain standards and life priorities are imposed, a new lifestyle and standards of behavior are formed, which leads to a change in the value-normative component of culture. A frugal attitude to resources is changing to a consumerist lifestyle, which poses the task of socially responsible marketing to take into account the concept of sustainable development, the formation of ethical consumption as a social phenomenon based on the type of consumer behavior and is a response to the growing concern of the world community about environmental problems, balanced, non-destructive and inexhaustible use of natural resources. The stability of social development will be facilitated by propaganda in the field of advertising universal human values and ethical norms of behavior. Socially responsible advertising, as a component of responsible marketing, through the provision of reliable information about goods and services, their compliance with the ethical and cultural values of different cultures, through the formation of a universal system of values and norms of social behavior, can become a powerful factor in a socially responsible approach to the development of business and society , contributing to the realization of the goals of sustainable development, which is on the agenda of today's unstable world. Therefore, the issue of enshrining in the legislation of Ukraine the concept of socially responsible advertising and observing its principles in the activities of advertising companies is urgent. First of all, public organizations should be involved in the social responsibility of business, which will give their assessment of business, including advertising, and give recommendations on whether to display it, change or abandon advertising that is socially dangerous.

Strategies of Music Learning for Children With Special Needs in Kindergarten

Hj. Isriati Baiturrahman 2 Semarang kindergarten, which is included in the category of public schools, has differences from other public schools, namely there are children with special needs. This study aims to determine the learning process and strategies used in Hj. Israti Baiturahman 2 Semarang Kindergarten. This research uses qualitative research methods, as well as various theories for qualitative research. The result of this study was that during the music learning process, the teachers introduced and listened to several types of songs, such as regional music, to see the children’s responses. And the music learning strategy implemented at TK Hj. Isriati Baiturrahman 2 Semarang is carried out with the process of seeing, imitating, and finding. The strategy is to know the condition of children, especially children with special needs, because of each child's emotional differences. The imitation strategies that teachers use greatly help children in learning comprehension. Learning strategies make teachers more creative in learning in the classroom.

Is an Imitation Strategy an Enabler or a Hindrance for Exploitative or Exploratory Innovation?—The Moderating Effect of Embeddedness in Knowledge Networks

The present open innovation environment provides firms with considerable opportunities to imitate and learn from one another and makes them deeply embedded in knowledge networks, where the structural position has a great influence on firms’ R&D activities. However, the relationship between imitation and innovation, as two primary R&D approaches that firms follow in technological development, remains inconclusive. To address the inconsistent arguments concerning the appropriate role of imitation, this article explores the effects of imitation and its interaction with embeddedness in knowledge networks on two types of technological innovation: exploitative and exploratory innovations. Empirical analyses based on patent data from 175 Chinese biopharmaceutical firms from 2008 to 2018 show a prominent promoting effect of imitation on exploitative and exploratory innovation. However, the positive effects of technological imitation strategies on two types of innovation will be weakened as firms are increasingly central in the knowledge network, whereas occupying many structural holes has the opposite effect. These results offer new theoretical and practical implications to the technological imitation and innovation research domains.

Hexachordal Solmization and Syllable-Invariant Counterpoint in the Vocal Music of William Byrd

Abstract William Byrd was an unusually creative contrapuntist: he is known for his virtuosic double counterpoint, his expressive manipulation of soggetti (imitative subjects), his capacity for exhausting possible contrapuntal combinations in stretto passages, and his points of imitation that build toward an expressive climax (what Joseph Kerman [1981] has described as Byrd’s “cumulative” imitation). This article addresses a cumulative technique that has not previously been identified: syllable-invariant counterpoint. Byrd often develops points of imitation where the soggetto is solmized identically in two hexachords (what sixteenth-century theorists called fuga, in contrast to imitazione). But Byrd frequently builds points toward an extra statement of the soggetto in a new, bonus hexachord; this transposition introduces a new semitone foreign to the work’s local tonality. Byrd thematizes syllable invariance throughout his vocal repertory, particularly in his serious motets. This article shows how Byrd combines syllable-invariant counterpoint with a variety of distinct imitative strategies to achieve specific expressive and tonal goals. The article further considers the implications of syllable invariance for tonal structure in Byrd’s music. Syllable-invariant counterpoint makes visible the constraints and affordances of Byrd’s tonal system, the Guidonian diatonic gamut under hexachordal solmization. Byrd carefully controlled the tonal compass of his works by using syllable invariance, among other strategies, to manipulate his counterpoint’s “chromatic” ambit. Syllable-invariant counterpoint—which Renaissance musicians would have understood as a diatonic, not chromatic, strategy—encompasses Byrd’s contrapuntal, expressive, and tonal compositional techniques.

OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS OF APPLYING IMITATION STRATEGIES FOR TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

Economic sanctions against the Russian Federation highlighted the problem of technological sovereignty. It is proposed to consider the problem of using simulation strategies to organise the process of equipment import substitution in a timely manner, successful implementation of which was shown by some Asian countries (Japan, China). Studies in other countries prove the effectiveness of using imitation strategies as a reference point for the technological breakthrough for individual companies and the economy as a whole. The purpose of this article is to analyse the experience of developing countries in using imitation strategies for technological development, and to assess the opportunities for the wide application of such strategies in Russia to form technological sovereignty in the current conditions. In this study the author identifies some key factors of the effectiveness of applying the imitation strategies in developing countries, primarily in China. Among these factors are the role of small and medium-sized businesses in technological development and dissemination of knowledge, the development of a system for protecting intellectual property rights, as well as the existence of a technological gap between domestic and foreign firms in the home market. These factors have had a significant impact on the spread of imitation strategies and the subsequent development of China’s own innovation environment. The study demonstrates that small business, the system for protecting intellectual property rights and the competition of foreign high-tech companies will not be able to become the driving force behind the implementation of imitation strategies in the conditions of Russian reality. With this in mind, the article proposes industrial policy measures that will create favourable economic conditions for the successful use of imitation strategies based on the experience of China. The results of this study contribute to the problem of Russia’s technological sovereignty formation in the current sanctions. They also contain proposals for the introduction of economic measures that may influence the effectiveness of import substitution.

IMITATION STRATEGIES IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

The article presents the research results on the evolution of key patterns of scientific publications devoted to the use of imitation strategies by business entities. End of purpose was ensured by solving two interrelated tasks: first, to form a relevant sample of scientific articles (2,302 publications on selected topic, indexed by the Scopus scientometric database, for the period from 1992 to 2022); secondly, to analyse the co-occurrence of keywords to characterise the current state of the research field and determining the perspective of its development. The terms “imitation strategy, innovation” or “innovation, imitation, strategy” were chosen as keywords. The bibliometric analysis and visualisation of its results were performed using the VOSviewer software product. On the basis of visualisation maps, five clusters of the content matching of keywords in articles and five stages of the evolutionary development of innovative behavior of enterprises were identified. The results of the research can be used in studying various aspects of the implementation the imitation strategies by business entities.