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Multiple Electromechanical-Failure Detection in Induction Motor Using Thermographic Intensity Profile and Artificial Neural Network

The use of artificial intelligence-based techniques to solve engineering problems is increasing. One of the most challenging tasks facing industry is the timely diagnosis of failures in electromechanical systems, as they are an essential part of production systems. In this sense, the earlier the detection, the higher the economic loss reduction. For this reason, this work proposes the development of a new methodology based on infrared thermography and an artificial intelligence-based classifier for the detection of multiple faults in an electromechanical system. The proposal combines the intensity profile of the grey-scale image, the use of Fast Fourier Transform and an artificial neural network to perform the detection of twelve states for the state of an electromechanical system: healthy, bearing defect, broken rotor bar, misalignment and gear wear on the gearbox. From the experimental setup, 50 thermographic images were obtained for each state. The method was implemented and tested under different conditions to verify its reliability. The results show that the precision, accuracy, recall and F1-score are higher than 99%. Thus, it can be concluded that it is possible to detect multiple conditions in an electromechanical system using the intensity profile and an artificial neural network, achieving good accuracy and reliability.

IR Pulsed Laser Ablation of Carbon Materials in High Vacuum

This work aimed to understand how the energy released by short laser pulses can produce different effects in carbon targets with different allotropic states. The IR pulse laser ablation, operating at 1064 nm wavelength, 3 ns pulse duration, and 100 mJ pulse energy, has been used to irradiate different types of carbon targets in a high vacuum. Graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, glassy carbon, active carbon, and vegetable carbon have exhibited different mass densities and have been laser irradiated. Time-of-flight (TOF) measurements have permitted the evince of the maximum carbon ion acceleration in the generated plasma (of about 200 eV per charge state) and the maximum yield emission (96 μg/pulse in the case of vegetal carbon) along the direction normal to the irradiated surface. The ion energy analyzer measured the carbon charge states (four) and their energy distributions. Further plasma investigations have been performed using a fast CCD camera image and surface profiles of the generated craters to calculate the angular emission and the ablation yield for each type of target. The effects as a function of the target carbon density and binding energy have been highlighted. Possible applications for the generation of thin films and carbon nanoparticles are discussed.

A prognostic molecular signature of hepatic steatosis is spatially heterogeneous and dynamic in human liver.

Hepatic steatosis is a central phenotype in multi-system metabolic dysfunction and is increasing in parallelwith the obesity pandemic. We use a translational approach integrating clinical phenotyping and outcomes, circulating proteomics, and tissue transcriptomics to identify dynamic, functional biomarkers of hepatic steatosis. Using multi-modality imaging and broad proteomic profiling, we identify proteins implicated in the progression of hepatic steatosis that are largely encoded by genes enriched at the transcriptional level in the human liver. These transcripts are differentially expressed across areas of steatosis in spatial transcriptomics, and several are dynamic during stages of steatosis. Circulating multi-protein signatures of steatosis strongly associate with fatty liver disease and multi-system metabolic outcomes. Using a humanized "liver-on-a-chip" model, we induce hepatic steatosis, confirming cell-specific expression of prioritized targets. These results underscore the utility of this approach to identify a prognostic, functional, dynamic "liquid biopsy" of human liver, relevant to biomarker discovery and mechanistic research applications.

GLS2 links glutamine metabolism and atherosclerosis by remodeling artery walls.

Metabolic dysregulation, including perturbed glutamine-glutamate homeostasis, is common among patients with cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using the human MESA cohort, here we show that plasma glutamine-glutamate ratio is an independent risk factor for carotid plaque progression. Mice deficient in glutaminase-2 (Gls2), the enzyme that mediates hepatic glutaminolysis, developed accelerated atherosclerosis and susceptibility to catastrophic cardiac events, while Gls2 overexpression partially protected from disease progression. High-throughput transcriptional profiling and high-resolution structural biology imaging of aortas showed that Gls2 deficiency perturbed extracellular matrix composition and increased vessel stiffness. This results from an imbalance of glutamine- and glutamate-dependent cross-linked proteins within atherosclerotic lesions and cellular remodeling of plaques. Thus, hepatic glutaminolysis functions as a potent regulator of glutamine homeostasis, which affects the aortic wall structure during atherosclerotic plaque progression.

A Machine Vision-Based Fiber Profile Image Recognition Method for Alignment of FBG Inscribing

A Machine Vision-Based Fiber Profile Image Recognition Method for Alignment of FBG Inscribing

Tourist tales uncovered: navigating satisfaction through psychographics and destination impressions – a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT This study comprehensively and systematically reviews and integrates the prior literature on the role of tourists’ psychographic profiles and elucidates the antecedents, consequences, and intervening factors influencing tourist destination selection and satisfaction. The Dimensions Research Database was used to search for relevant studies. A co-word analysis of 465 articles revealed three significant clusters of keywords, highlighting key themes in tourist psychographics and destination selection. Results indicate that tourist psychographic attributes (i.e. Demographics, motivation, values, attitude, and interest) influence destination image formation and tourist satisfaction. The study offers the Tourist Psychographics-Destination Image-Satisfaction Model (TPDIS Model), a comprehensive conceptual model, as further research agenda for exploring destination-specific tourist profiling and destination image perception to achieve tourism satisfaction.

Abstract 4136678: Detecting Myosteatosis-Related Low Physical Function in Heart Failure Patients Using Abdominal Computed Tomography and Plasma Amino Acid Profile

Background: Evaluation of sarcopenia requires quantifying appendicular skeletal muscle mass and functional capacity, but resource constraints often limit feasibility. Alterations in muscle quality, especially intramuscular lipid infiltration (i.e., myosteatosis), and systemic metabolic derangements are associated with disability. Hypothesis: Opportunistic CT imaging and plasma amino acid profiling could identify low physical function in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods: We retrospectively examined 220 HF patients (74 ± 13 years old; 59% male) who underwent plasma amino acid profiling, abdominal CT imaging, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan within two months. Myosteatosis was evaluated using single-slice CT imaging at the L3/4 level and quantified as mean muscle attenuation (MMA). Physical function was assessed by the short physical performance battery (SPPB), with low physical function defined as SPPB ≤9. Results: CT-derived single-slice areas of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue were highly correlated with DXA-derived appendicular skeletal muscle mass and total fat mass. Logistic regression analyses revealed that higher age and lower MMA, but not skeletal muscle area, were significantly associated with low physical function independently of NT-proBNP. Subjects with MMA below the median value (32.0 HU for males and 23.7 HU for females) had higher odds of low physical function (adjusted OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.04-3.96). Ten amino acids and the Fischer ratio were significantly correlated with MMA levels. Multivariate regression analyses, adjusted for potential confounders including age, gender, and body mass index, demonstrated that serum albumin and Fischer ratio were independent determinants of MMA levels. When serum albumin and Fischer ratio were dichotomized by their median values (3.6 mg/dL and 3.23, respectively), the prevalence of low physical function was significantly higher in subjects with low albumin and low Fischer ratio, but not in those with low levels of only either parameter, compared to those with high albumin and high Fischer ratio (adjusted OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.02-5.49). Conclusions: Myosteatosis assessed by single-slice abdominal CT imaging is an independent determinant of low physical function in HF patients. Combined with an assessment of serum albumin and Fischer ratio, these simple biomarkers could facilitate the early detection of patients at risk for developing frailty.

Breast cancer cells utilize T3 to trigger proliferation through cellular Ca2+ modulation

High levels of thyroid hormones are linked to increased risk and advanced stages of breast cancer. Our previous work demonstrated that the biologically active triiodothyronine (T3) facilitates mitochondrial ATP production by upregulating Ca2+ handling proteins, thereby boosting mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and Krebs cycle activity. In this study, different cell types were utilized to investigate whether T3 activates a Ca2+-induced signaling pathway to boost cancer cell proliferation. Using live-cell imaging, biochemical assays, and molecular profiling, differences in intracellular signaling among MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, non-cancerous breast cells hTERT-HME1, and PC3 prostate carcinoma cells, previously found to be insensitive to thyroid hormones in terms of proliferation, were investigated. Our findings revealed that T3 upregulates 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 3 via thyroid hormone receptor α. This boosts mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, reduction equivalent yield, and mitochondrial ATP production, supporting the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells without affecting non-cancerous hTERT-HME1 or PC3 prostate carcinoma cells. Understanding the interplay between T3 signaling, organellar interaction, and breast cancer metabolism could lead to targeted therapies that exploit cancer cell vulnerabilities. Our findings highlight T3 as a crucial regulator of cancer metabolism, reinforcing its potential as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.Graphical

A multicellular developmental program in a close animal relative.

All animals develop from a single-celled zygote into a complex multicellular organism through a series of precisely orchestrated processes1,2. Despite the remarkable conservation of early embryogenesis across animals, the evolutionary origins of how and when this process first emerged remain elusive. Here, by combining time-resolved imaging and transcriptomic profiling, we show that single cells of the ichthyosporean Chromosphaera perkinsii-a close relative that diverged from animals about 1 billion years ago3,4-undergo symmetry breaking and develop through cleavage divisions to produce a prolonged multicellular colony with distinct co-existing cell types. Our findings about the autonomous and palintomic developmental program of C. perkinsii hint that such multicellular development either is much older than previously thought or evolved convergently in ichthyosporeans.

Impact of time from symptom onset to puncture, and puncture to reperfusion, in endovascular therapy in the late time window (>6 h).

Increased time from symptom onset to puncture (TSOP) and time from puncture to reperfusion (TPTR) are associated with worse outcome in ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular therapy (EVT) in the early time window (<6 h). However, these associations are less described in the late window (>6 h), where patients may benefit from EVT because of a more favorable imaging profile (late window paradox). We sought to compare the effect of these timeframes between these two periods on efficacy and safety outcomes. The ETIS (Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke) registry is an ongoing, prospective, observational study in 21 centers that perform EVT in France. We included adult patients with an anterior occlusion, successfully treated by EVT (modified treatment in cerebral ischemia (mTICI) 2b-3) between January 2015 and June 2023, with a known time of stroke onset. The cohort was divided into two groups according to the TSOP (⩽6 h vs >6 h). Primary outcome was favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0-2 at 90 days). In total, 7516 patients were included, with 5936 patients being treated ⩽6 h and 1580 >6 h. In the early window, TSOP and TPTR were associated with worse outcomes at 90 days (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.68 per hour; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.73; p < 0.001 and aOR = 0.92 per 10-min increment; 95% CI = 0.90-0.94, p < 0.001, respectively). TSOP was not associated with worse outcomes at 90 days in the late window (p = 0.955), but TPTR was associated with worse outcomes (aOR = 0.91 per 10-min increment; 95% CI = 0.86-0.96, p = 0.001), every 10 additional minutes in TPTR being associated with a 1.7% (95% CI = 0.6-2.7) decreased probability of favorable outcome. Only EVT procedural time is associated with unfavorable outcomes at 90 days in late window patients. These results highlight how the late window paradox may end at the start of EVT and underscore the need for timely management, particularly for the EVT, even for late window patients with a presumed more favorable imaging profile.

Enhancing Counterfeit Banknote Analysis: Case Studies Using TOF-SIMS

Counterfeiting banknotes poses a significant threat to economies worldwide, particularly in developing countries where cash transactions remain predominant. Despite advancements in security features, counterfeiters continue to adapt, necessitating more sophisticated analysis methods. Time of flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) offers a powerful approach to surface chemical imaging and depth profiling of counterfeit currencies. Real cases of five different counterfeit Lebanese banknotes are studied, using TOF-SIMS to address specific questions regarding the composition and placement of replicated security features, gaining insights into counterfeit banknote production and the raw materials used. The findings provide essential information to decision-makers at the national bank, supporting the design of future currencies through the selection of security features best suited to the local market, thereby enhancing protection against financial fraud..

The effects of in-nozzle phase transition on injection characteristics of near- and supercritical kerosene jets

The escalating requirements for thermal management in advanced high-performance aviation engines necessitate the injection of aviation fuels under near- and supercritical conditions. The jet morphology both exterior and interior to the nozzle of aviation kerosene jets, injected from near-critical and supercritical states into a quasi-quiescent, near-atmospheric environment, was experimentally investigated, focusing on the effects of in-nozzle phase transitions. The in-nozzle flow behavior was characterized using shadowgraph imaging and pressure profile measurements, while downstream jet behavior was captured using both shadowgraph imaging and planar Mie scattering techniques. It is found that without observable in-nozzle phase transitions (OIPTs), the near-nozzle jet structure exhibits low sensitivity to injection temperature. However, under OIPT conditions, a reduction in injection temperature precipitates notable increases in jet expansion angle, jet diameter, and Mach disk diameter. Additionally, it initially provokes a downstream displacement of the Mach disk, subsequently reversing its direction upstream. Analysis using the surrogate fuel thermodynamic phase diagram indicates that without OIPT, jets injected from the supercritical and vapor states disintegrate similarly due to stages of isentropic expansion, compression, and isobaric mixing, leading to fuel condensation. Under OIPT conditions, crossing the Widom line or saturation line leads to an increase in the specific heat ratio of the fuel along the injection path and changes the near-nozzle shock structure from barrel-shaped to bowl-shaped, potentially triggering a compression shock wave in the ambient air. These findings are useful for the design and modification of supercritical fuel nozzles, fuel supply systems, and combustion chambers.

Detection Method for Asteroid Interior Structure Verified by Scale Model

Abstract We have developed a radar scheme for detecting the asteroid interior structure. Using the auto rotation of an asteroid, radar system can hover at a fix distance from the asteroid, and continuously measure the internal structure echoes at different spin angles, which can be processed to obtain the internal structure profile image. Through simulation and scale model test, we have verified the internal structure imaging results and conformed the effectiveness of the hovering radar method. The proposed radar scheme was selected as the science payload for internal structure in China’s asteroid exploration program aiming at Asteroid 2016HO3.

Single Vesicle Surface Protein Profiling and Machine Learning-Based Dual Image Analysis for Breast Cancer Detection.

Single-vesicle molecular profiling of cancer-associated extracellular vesicles (EVs) is increasingly being recognized as a powerful tool for cancer detection and monitoring. Mask and target dual imaging is a facile method to quantify the fraction of the molecularly targeted population of EVs in biofluids at the single-vesicle level. However, accurate and efficient dual imaging vesicle analysis has been challenging due to the interference of false signals on the mask images and the need to analyze a large number of images in clinical samples. In this work, we report a fully automatic dual imaging analysis method based on machine learning and use it with dual imaging single-vesicle technology (DISVT) to detect breast cancer at different stages. The convolutional neural network Resnet34 was used along with transfer learning to produce a suitable machine learning model that could accurately identify areas of interest in experimental data. A combination of experimental and synthetic data were used to train the model. Using DISVT and our machine learning-assisted image analysis platform, we determined the fractions of EpCAM-positive EVs and CD24-positive EVs over captured plasma EVs with CD81 marker in the blood plasma of pilot HER2-positive breast cancer patients and compared to those from healthy donors. The amount of both EpCAM-positive and CD24-positive EVs was found negligible for both healthy donors and Stage I patients. The amount of EpCAM-positive EVs (also CD81-positive) increased from 18% to 29% as the cancer progressed from Stage II to III. No significant increase was found with further progression to Stage IV. A similar trend was found for the CD24-positive EVs. Statistical analysis showed that both EpCAM and CD24 markers can detect HER2-positive breast cancer at Stages II, III, or IV. They can also differentiate individual cancer stages except those between Stage III and Stage IV. Due to the simplicity, high sensitivity, and high efficiency, the DISVT with the AI-assisted dual imaging analysis can be widely used for both basic research and clinical applications to quantitatively characterize molecularly targeted EV subtypes in biofluids.

BEST1 associated bestrophinopathies with angle closure and post-surgical malignant glaucoma

ABSTRACT Introduction Mutations in BEST1 gene have been linked to the development of refractory angle closure glaucoma (ACG). This study aims to delineate the clinical characteristics, genetic mutations, and disease progression in patients with autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) and autosomal dominant Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) who are presented with treatment-resistant ACG. Methods This retrospective analysis encompasses a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment, retinal imaging, and mutational profiling of six patients diagnosed with bestrophinopathy and concurrent ACG, with a particular emphasis on the risk of post-glaucoma filtration surgery malignant glaucoma (MG). Exome sequencing was conducted utilizing a next-generation sequencing (NGS) based gene panel. Results The cohort included five patients with ARB and one with BVMD, with a mean (±SD) age at ACG diagnosis of 35.1 ± 6.9 years. NGS analysis revealed homozygous BEST1 variants in four patients (ARB; cases 1–4) and a heterozygous BEST1 variant in one patient (BVMD; case 5). One patient (ARB; case 6), despite a recessive pedigree, showed a single heterozygous variant, suggesting the presence of an undetected heterozygous variant indicative of compound heterozygous autosomal recessive inheritance. A novel non-frameshift deletion (c.841_843delTTC; p.Phe281del) was identified in case 2. Surgical intervention was required due to uncontrolled glaucoma in all cases except case 4. All five cases that underwent glaucoma filtration surgery developed MG, which was effectively managed with combined iridozonulo-hyaloido-vitrectomy (IZHV) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Cases 5 and 6, harboring a heterozygous pathogenic variant (c.241 G>A; p.Val81Met), experienced refractory MG and corneal decompensation necessitating multiple interventions. Conclusion Genomic analysis plays a pivotal role in the management of bestrophinopathies with ACG. Characterization of mutational types facilitates prognostication and enables timely interventions. IZHV with PPV emerges as a promising standalone or adjunctive procedure for the management of glaucoma among patients with BEST1 mutations and ACG.

Integrating molecular imaging and transcriptomic profiling in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer receiving trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1): an analysis of the ZEPHIR clinical trial.

The ZEPHIR clinical trial evaluated the role of [89Zr]trastuzumab-PET/CT (HER2-PET/CT) and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET/CT ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) in predicting outcomes in patients with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer treated with trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). Here, we combined molecular/metabolic imaging and transcriptomic data to investigate the biological processes associated with [89Zr]trastuzumab and [18F]FDG uptake, and to dissect the mechanisms involved in T-DM1 resistance. RNA was extracted from metastasis biopsies obtained in the ZEPHIR trial. HER2-PET/CT and [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging data of biopsied lesions were integrated with transcriptomic data. Lesions were compared based on the level of [89Zr]trastuzumab uptake as well as on the presence/absence of metabolic response, defined comparing baseline and on-treatment [18F]FDG-PET/CT. We analyzed matched transcriptomic and molecular/metabolic imaging data for 24 metastases. Genes and pathways involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis were enriched in lesions presenting low [89Zr]trastuzumab uptake. [18F]FDG uptake at baseline correlated with proliferation and immune-related processes. Hypoxia and ECM-related processes were enriched in lesions showing no metabolic response to T-DM1, while immune-related processes were associated with high [89Zr]trastuzumab uptake and metabolic response. Gene signatures including differentially expressed genes according to [89Zr]trastuzumab uptake and metabolic response showed predictive value in an external cohort. To our knowledge, this study represents the first correlative analysis between [89Zr]trastuzumab tumor uptake and gene expression profiling in humans. Our findings suggest a role of ECM in impairing [89Zr]trastuzumab tumor uptake and T-DM1 metabolic response in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer, highlighting the potential of molecular imaging to depict tumor microenvironment features.

Adult-Onset EIF2B-Pathies: A Clinical, Imaging and Genetic Profiling with Literature Review.

Vanishing white matter syndrome is one of the leukoencephalopathies caused by recessive mutations in gene EIF2B1-5. Adult-onset EIF2B-pathies (clinical onset after age 16 years) have been reported to be less common. Description of the clinical, imaging and genetic profile of adult-onset EIF2B-pathies and comparison of Indian cohort with Asian and European cohorts. Report of two cases of adult-onset EIF2B-pathies and a comprehensive review of genetically confirmed adult-onset EIF2B-pathies since 2001 from Indian, Asian and European cohorts. Two patients were females, with median age at presentation of 25.5 years (24-27 years) and onset at 19 years (18-20 years). The median duration of symptoms was 6.5 years (6-7 years). Both had cerebellar ataxia, spasticity, cognitive impairment and bladder involvement. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed leukoencephalopathy with rarefaction in both patients and corpus callosum involvement in one patient. Genetics showed homozygous missense variant in the EIF2B3 gene in both patients. The Indian cohort of seven patients had similar clinical and radiological features and common variants in EIF2B3 (n = 4). The Asian cohort had 24 cases, and the European cohort had 61 cases with similar clinical features, radiological features and common variants in EIF2B5. Adult-onset EIF2B-pathies have a distinct clinical profile of female predominance with cerebellar ataxia, spasticity and cognitive decline as the commonest triad of clinical manifestations and leukoencephalopathy with rarefaction on brain MRI. Variants in EIF2B5 were common in the Asian and European cohorts and EIF2B3 in the Indian cohort.

Comprehensive atlas of mitochondrial distribution and dynamics during oocyte maturation in mouse models

BackgroundOocytes, the largest cells in mammals, harbor numerous mitochondria within their cytoplasm. These highly dynamic organelles are crucial for providing energy resources and serving as central regulators during oogenesis. Mitochondrial dynamics ensure proper energy distribution for various cellular processes involved in oocyte maturation. Previous studies have used alterations in mitochondrial distribution as a biomarker to assess the oocyte health. However, there are discrepancies between studies regarding mitochondrial distribution profiles in healthy oocytes. Consequently, a comprehensive mitochondrial distribution profile in oocytes during maturation has not been fully characterized. Additionally, there is a lack of objective, quantitative methods to evaluate alterations in mitochondrial distribution profiles in oocytes.MethodsThis study aims to provide an in-depth overview of mitochondrial distribution profiles in mouse oocytes at different maturation stages: germinal vesicle (GV) stage, metaphase I (MI), and mature metaphase II (MII). Freshly collected mouse GV, MI and MII oocytes were stained with MitoTracker Red. Confocal microscopy was used to obtain images of mitochondrial distribution profiles in these oocytes. Using the Imaris software, we reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) surface renderings of each oocyte and quantitatively illustrated the mitochondrial distribution profiles.ResultsAt the GV stage, mitochondria in oocytes were evenly distributed throughout the ooplasm. As oocytes progressed to MI and MII stages, mitochondria aggregated and formed clusters, the mean size of mitochondrial clusters and the proportions of clustered mitochondria increased along with the maturation of oocytes.ConclusionsOur findings reveal that mitochondria in mouse oocytes are highly dynamic, undergoing significant reorganizations during oocyte maturation. We for the first time provided comprehensive mitochondrial distribution profiles in mouse oocytes at the GV, MI and MII stages. These mitochondrial distribution profiles were further quantitatively evaluated. Our methods provide an objective and standardized approach for evaluating alterations in mitochondrial dynamics, which can be used as biomarkers to monitor oocyte conditions during maturation.

A Kernel-Based Calibration Algorithm for Chromatic Confocal Line Sensors.

In chromatic confocal line sensors, calibration is usually divided into peak extraction and wavelength calibration. In previous research, the focus was mainly on peak extraction. In this paper, a kernel-based algorithm is proposed to deal with wavelength calibration, which corresponds to the mapping relationship between peaks (i.e., the wavelengths) in image space and profiles in physical space. The primary component of the mapping function is depicted using polynomial basis functions, which are distinguished along various dispersion axes. Considering the unknown distortions resulting from field curvature, sensor fabrication and assembly, and even the inherent complexity of dispersion, a typical kernel trick-based nonparametric function element is introduced here, predicated on the notion that similar processes conducted on the same sensor yield comparable distortions.To ascertain the performance with and without the kernel trick, we carried out wavelength calibration and groove fitting on a standard groove sample processed via glass grinding and with a reference depth of 66.14 μm. The experimental results show that depths calculated by the kernel-based calibration algorithm have higher accuracy and lower uncertainty than those ascertained using the conventional polynomial algorithm. As such, this indicates that the proposed algorithm provides effective improvements.

Holomics and Artificial Intelligence-Driven Precision Oncology for Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Addressing Challenges of a Rare and Aggressive Disease.

Background/Objective: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare yet aggressive form of thyroid cancer comprising a disproportionate share of thyroid cancer-related mortalities, despite its low prevalence. MTC differs from other differentiated thyroid malignancies due to its heterogeneous nature, presenting complexities in both hereditary and sporadic cases. Traditional management guidelines, which are designed primarily for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), fall short in providing the individualized care required for patients with MTC. In recent years, the sheer volume of data generated from clinical evaluations, radiological imaging, pathological assessments, genetic mutations, and immunological profiles has made it humanly impossible for clinicians to simultaneously analyze and integrate these diverse data streams effectively. This data deluge necessitates the adoption of advanced technologies to assist in decision-making processes. Holomics, which is an integrated approach that combines various omics technologies, along with artificial intelligence (AI), emerges as a powerful solution to address these challenges. Methods: This article reviews how AI-driven precision oncology can enhance the diagnostic workup, staging, risk stratification, management, and follow-up care of patients with MTC by processing vast amounts of complex data quickly and accurately. Articles published in English language and indexed in Pubmed were searched. Results: AI algorithms can identify patterns and correlations that may not be apparent to human clinicians, thereby improving the precision of personalized treatment plans. Moreover, the implementation of AI in the management of MTC enables the collation and synthesis of clinical experiences from across the globe, facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of the disease and its treatment outcomes. Conclusions: The integration of holomics and AI in the management of patients with MTC represents a significant advancement in precision oncology. This innovative approach not only addresses the complexities of a rare and aggressive disease but also paves the way for global collaboration and equitable healthcare solutions, ultimately transforming the landscape of treatment and care of patients with MTC. By leveraging AI and holomics, we can strive toward making personalized healthcare accessible to every individual, regardless of their economic status, thereby improving overall survival rates and quality of life for MTC patients worldwide. This global approach aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3, which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being at all ages.