Images Of Histological Sections Research Articles

Oral Formulation of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid-Hemoglobin Bio-Adhesive Nanoparticles Enhance Therapeutic Efficiency in Ulcerative Colitis Mice: A Preclinical Evaluation

The oral formulation design for colon-specific drug delivery brings some therapeutic benefits in the ulcerative colitis treatment. We recently reported the specific delivery of hemoglobin nanoparticles-conjugating 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA-HbNPs) to the inflamed site. In the current study, the therapeutic effect of the 5-ASA-HbNPs formulation was confirmed in vivo. This evaluation of 5-ASA-HbNPs not only shows longer colonic retention time due to adhesive properties, also provides full support for it as compared with free 5-ASA. It was considered as a suitable bio-adhesive nanoparticle with mucoadhesive property to pass through the mucus layer and accumulate into the mucosa. In UC model mice, a two-fold decrease in the disease activity indexes and colon weight/length ratios was significantly observed in the group treated with 5-ASA-HbNPs. This group received one percent of the standard dosage of 5-ASA (50 μg/kg), while, a similar result was observed for a significant amount of free 5-ASA (5 mg/kg). Furthermore, microscopic images of histological sections of the extracted colons demonstrated that the 5-ASA-HbNPs and 5-ASA groups displayed instances of inflammatory damage within the colon. However, in comparison to the colitis group, the extent of this damage was relatively moderate, suggesting 5-ASA-HbNPs improved therapeutic efficacy with the lower dosage form.

Mueller matrix polarization interferometry of optically anisotropic architectonics of biological tissue object fields: the fundamental and applied aspects

The presented results concern the diagnostic application of vector-parameter polarization mapping and polarization-interference phase scanning applied to layered azimuths and ellipticity polarization maps obtained with the help of digital holographic reproduction for phase-inhomogeneous tissue layers in the female reproductive system. The differential diagnosis of the pathological changes in optically anisotropic polycrystalline tissue components, specifically “benign (fibroids) and precancerous (endometriosis),” was investigated. All studies within the representative groups of the histological samples were conducted using circularly polarized laser radiation, ensuring azimuthal invariance and polarization measurement reliability. Integral and layered maps and polarization azimuths and ellipticity random variable distribution histograms were obtained from the microscopic images of histological sections from the female reproductive system tumors. Systematized tables present statistical moments which characterize azimuths and ellipticity polarization maps for fibroids and endometriosis tissues. It is shown that the statistical parameters (diagnostic markers) are the most sensitive to benign and precancerous changes in the female reproductive system tissues. The results of information analysis, including the accuracy determination of the diagnostic vector-parameter polarization and polarization-interference methods for detecting and differentiating the samples of fibroids and precancerous endometriosis tissues in the female reproductive system, are presented.

Polarization differential interference contrast microscopy with physics-inspired plug-and-play denoiser for single-shot high-performance quantitative phase imaging.

We present single-shot high-performance quantitative phase imaging with a physics-inspired plug-and-play denoiser for polarization differential interference contrast (PDIC) microscopy. The quantitative phase is recovered by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), balancing total variance regularization and a pre-trained dense residual U-net (DRUNet) denoiser. The custom DRUNet uses the Tanh activation function to guarantee the symmetry requirement for phase retrieval. In addition, we introduce an adaptive strategy accelerating convergence and explicitly incorporating measurement noise. After validating this deep denoiser-enhanced PDIC microscopy on simulated data and phantom experiments, we demonstrated high-performance phase imaging of histological tissue sections. The phase retrieval by the denoiser-enhanced PDIC microscopy achieves significantly higher quality and accuracy than the solution based on Fourier transforms or the iterative solution with total variance regularization alone.

Assessment of the Impact of Nanowarming on Microstructure of Cryopreserved Fibroblast-Containing 3D Tissue Models Using Mueller Polarimetry

We studied the impact of two different thawing mechanisms on the microstructure of defrosted cryopreserved 3D tissue models using transmission Mueller microscopy and a statistical analysis of polarimetric images of thin histological sections of defrosted tissue models. The cryopreserved 3D tissue models were thawed by using either a 37 °C water bath or radio-frequency inductive heating with the magnetic nanoparticles embedded into the 3D tissue model during the preparation process. Polarimetric measurements were conducted at 700 nm and the acquired Mueller matrices of the samples were post-processed using the differential decomposition and the statistical analysis of the maps of the azimuth of the optic axis. Our results indicate the sensitivity of polarimetry to the changes in thawed tissue morphology compared to that of reference non-frozen tissue. Thus, Mueller microscopy can be used as a fast complementary technique to the currently accepted gold standard methods for the assessment of the cryopreserved tissue microstructure after thawing.

Impact of corpus callosum fiber tract crossing on polarimetric images of human brain histological sections: ex vivo studies in transmission configuration.

Imaging Mueller polarimetry is capable to trace in-plane orientation of brain fiber tracts by detecting the optical anisotropy of white matter of healthy brain. Brain tumor cells grow chaotically and destroy this anisotropy. Hence, the drop in scalar retardance values and randomization of the azimuth of the optical axis could serve as the optical marker for brain tumor zone delineation. The presence of underlying crossing fibers can also affect the values of scalar retardance and the azimuth of the optical axis. We studied and analyzed the impact of fiber crossing on the polarimetric images of thin histological sections of brain corpus callosum. We used the transmission Mueller microscope for imaging of two-layered stacks of thin sections of corpus callosum tissue to mimic the overlapping brain fiber tracts with different fiber orientations. The decomposition of the measured Mueller matrices was performed with differential and Lu-Chipman algorithms and completed by the statistical analysis of the maps of scalar retardance, azimuth of the optical axis, and depolarization. Our results indicate the sensitivity of Mueller polarimetry to different spatial arrangement of brain fiber tracts as seen in the maps of scalar retardance and azimuth of optical axis of two-layered stacks of corpus callosum sections The depolarization varies slightly () with the orientation of the optical axes in both corpus callosum stripes, but its value increases by 2.5 to 3 times with the stack thickness. The crossing brain fiber tracts measured in transmission induce the drop in values of scalar retardance and randomization of the azimuth of the optical axis at optical path length of . It suggests that the presence of nerve fibers crossing within the depth of few microns will be also detected in polarimetric maps of brain white matter measured in reflection configuration.

Model-Based Approach for the Semi-Automatic Analysis of Collagen Birefringence in Polarized Light Microscopy

Collagen is a key determinant of physio-pathological processes in different tissues. Polarization light microscopy (PLM) of histological sections is the gold-standard for birefringence-based collagen quantification, but post-session image analysis can be time-consuming and subjective. We propose an efficient semi-automatic computational approach for the quantification of collagen content from the analysis of PLM images of birefringent histological sections. The method is based on a physical model of light-sample interaction and birefringence effect production. It combines the information of bright and dark-field PLM images to segment the luminal region and detect the birefringent signal associated with collagen in the tissue region. User input is limited to the selection of a threshold on an image subset and the supervision of the processing, enabling fast analysis of large datasets. Modeling of the birefringence signal compensates for variability factors related to sample processing and image acquisition, such as section thickness variability and nonuniform illumination and transmittance. As a proof-of-concept, the method was applied to human cardiac tissue PLM images, acquired in 14 cardiac surgery patients with different arrhythmic profiles. The method was able to detect a significantly larger amount and higher heterogeneity of fibrosis in the atrium of patients with as opposed to without atrial fibrillation (p < 0.05). The proposed method can be a valid aid to quicken and reinforce the analysis of large sets of PLM images for the quantification of collagen distribution in different tissues and pathologies.

Nanoscale Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Metastasis from AFM Image Processing of Histological Sections

Early ascertainment of metastatic tumour phases is crucial to improve cancer survival, formulate an accurate prognostic report of disease advancement, and, most importantly, quantify the metastatic progression and malignancy state of primary cancer cells with a universal numerical indexing system. This work proposes an early improvement to metastatic cancer detection with 97.7 nm spatial resolution by indexing the metastatic cancer phases from the analysis of atomic force microscopy images of human colorectal cancer histological sections. The procedure applies variograms of residuals of Gaussian filtering and theta statistics of colorectal cancer tissue image settings. This methodology elucidates the early metastatic progression at the nanoscale level by setting metastatic indexes and critical thresholds based on relatively large histological sections and categorising the malignancy state of a few suspicious cells not identified with optical image analysis. In addition, we sought to detect early tiny morphological differentiations indicating potential cell transition from epithelial cell phenotypes of low metastatic potential to those of high metastatic potential. This metastatic differentiation, which is also identified in higher moments of variograms, sets different hierarchical levels for metastatic progression dynamics.

Segmentation of patchy areas in biomedical images based on local edge density estimation

We suggest an effective approach for the semi-automated segmentation of biomedical images according to their patchiness based on local edge density estimation. Our approach does not require any preliminary learning or tuning, although a couple of free parameters directly controllable by the end user adjust the analysis resolution and sensitivity, respectively. We show explicitly that the local edge density exhibits excellent correlations with the cell monolayer density obtained by manual domain-expert based assessment, characterized by correlation coefficients ρ>0.97. Our results indicate that the proposed algorithm is capable of an efficient segmentation and quantification of patchy areas in various biomedical microscopic images. In particular, the proposed algorithm achieves 95 to 99% median accuracy in the segmentation of image areas covered by the cell monolayer in an in vitro scratch assay. Moreover, the proposed algorithm effectively distinguishes between the native and regenerated tissue fragments in microscopic images of histological sections, indicated by nearly three-fold discrepancy between the local edge densities in the corresponding image areas. We believe that the local edge density estimate could be further applicable as a surrogate image channel characterizing its patchiness either as a substitute or as a complementary source to the conventional cell- or tissue-specific fluorescent staining, in some cases either avoiding or limiting the use of complex experimental protocols. We implemented a simple open-source software tool with for on-the-fly visualization allowing for a straightforward feedback by a domain expert without any specific expertise in image analysis techniques. Our tool is freely available online at https://gitlab.com/digiratory/biomedimaging/bcanalyzer.

Comparative ex vivo Investigations on the Cutting Quality of the CO2 Laser and the Diode Pumped Er:YAG Laser.

Objectives: A sufficient histological evaluation is a key pillar in oncological treatment, especially in situations of cancer of unknown primary. CO2 laser technology is used in clinical routine of soft tissue surgery because of its cutting quality and availability. Diode pumped solid state Er(bium):YAG laser systems promise a higher cutting efficiency and minor thermal damages. The aim of this study was to compare both laser systems with respect to their suitability for cutting soft tissue.Methods: A setup was realized which enables comparable experiments with the clinical CO2 laser (AcuPulse 40ST DUO, Lumenis) and the Er:YAG laser system (DPM 40, Pantec Biosolutions AG). Fresh mucosal samples of porcine tongues were used to determine the influence of laser power and sample velocity on cutting depth and thermal damage width for both lasers. In addition, for the Er:YAG laser, the influence of the pulse repetition rate was examined additionally. For analysis, images of histological sections were taken.Results: In all experiments, the Er:YAG laser shows a significantly higher cutting depth (P < 0.0001) and less thermal damage width (P < 0.0001) than the CO2 laser. For example, at an average power of 7.7 W and a sample velocity of 5 mm/s the Er:YAG laser shows a mean cutting depth of 1.1 mm compared to the CO2 laser with 500 μm. While the Er:YAG laser shows a mean thermal damage width of 70 μm compared to 120 μm. Furthermore, the Er:YAG enables the adjustment of the cutting depth and thermal damage width by varying the irradiation parameters. A decrease of the repetition rate leads to a reduction of thermal damage. For example, a repetition rate of 100 Hz results in a thermal damage width of 46 μm compared to 87 μm at 800 Hz at an average power of 7.7 W and a cutting velocity = 5 mm/s while a homogenous cutting quality can be achieved.Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of these ex vivo experiments demonstrate significant advantages of the diode pumped Er:YAG laser system for soft tissue ablation compared to the CO2 laser, in particular regarding cutting efficiency and thermal damage width.

A comparison of diceCT and histology for determination of nasal epithelial type.

Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) has emerged as a viable tool for discriminating soft tissues in serial CT slices, which can then be used for three-dimensional analysis. This technique has some potential to supplant histology as a tool for identification of body tissues. Here, we studied the head of an adult fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx) and a late fetal vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) using diceCT and µCT. Subsequently, we decalcified, serially sectioned and stained the same heads. The two CT volumes were rotated so that the sectional plane of the slice series closely matched that of histological sections, yielding the ideal opportunity to relate CT observations to corresponding histology. Olfactory epithelium is typically thicker, on average, than respiratory epithelium in both bats. Thus, one investigator (SK), blind to the histological sections, examined the diceCT slice series for both bats and annotated changes in thickness of epithelium on the first ethmoturbinal (ET I), the roof of the nasal fossa, and the nasal septum. A second trial was conducted with an added criterion: radioopacity of the lamina propria as an indicator of Bowman’s glands. Then, a second investigator (TS) annotated images of matching histological sections based on microscopic observation of epithelial type, and transferred these annotations to matching CT slices. Measurements of slices annotated according to changes in epithelial thickness alone closely track measurements of slices based on histologically-informed annotations; matching histological sections confirm blind annotations were effective based on epithelial thickness alone, except for a patch of unusually thick non-OE, mistaken for OE in one of the specimens. When characteristics of the lamina propria were added in the second trial, the blind annotations excluded the thick non-OE. Moreover, in the fetal bat the use of evidence for Bowman’s glands improved detection of olfactory mucosa, perhaps because the epithelium itself was thin enough at its margins to escape detection. We conclude that diceCT can by itself be highly effective in identifying distribution of OE, especially where observations are confirmed by histology from at least one specimen of the species. Our findings also establish that iodine staining, followed by stain removal, does not interfere with subsequent histological staining of the same specimen.

Differential diagnostics of the presence of damage by the method of digital polarization mapping of microsocopy images of hystological sections of human organs

The article presents the results of experimental testing of methods of azimuthal-invariant polarization mapping of microscopic images of samples of histological sections of the myocardium and lung tissue; time monitoring of changes in the magnitude of statistical moments of the 1-4th orders, characterizing the distributions of the azimuth and ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images of myocardial and lung tissue samples with different age of damage; determination of the diagnostic efficiency (time interval and accuracy) of establishing the age of damage to human internal organs by digital histological methods of mapping azimuth maps and polarization ellipticity of microscopic images.&#x0D; Aim of the work. Development of a digital histology technique for samples of human internal organs.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The object of the study was the histology of samples of human internal organs (myocardium, lung tissue) with different duration of damage from 1 hour to 120 hours. For control, we used BT samples from those who died from coronary artery disease with different duration of damage from 1 hour to 120 hours. The studies were carried out using the method of digital polarization mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues of human internal organs.&#x0D; Results. Revealed the following ranges ramp variation quantity statistics polarizing digital histology and accuracy of the limitation of damage: a. Arts azimuth polarization microscopic image of a magnification ×40 (asymmetry – 12 hours, kurtosis – 12 hours, accuracy – 55-60 min), maps of ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images with a magnification of ×40 (asymmetry – 12 hours, kurtosis – 12 hours, accuracy – 65-75 min).&#x0D; Conclusions. Scenarios of changes in the statistical structure of maps of azimuth and ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images of histological sections of human internal organs have been determined - with an increase in the duration of damage, the value of the mean and variance decreases, the asymmetry and kurtosis increase.

Forensic medical evaluation of hemorrhages into the brain of traumatic and non-traumatic genesis by the Mueller matrix microscopy of circular dichroism

The aim of the work is to develop forensic criteria for differentiation of hemorrhages of traumatic and non-traumatic genesis by digital Mueller matrix (MM) polarization microscopy of histological sections of human brain substance (HBS).Material and methods. Native histological preparations of HBS from 32 corpses with ischemic stroke (1 group), 35 corpses with hemorrhages of traumatic origin (2 groups), 33 corpses with hemorrhages in HBS of non-traumatic genesis (3 group) and 30 corpses caused by acute coronary insufficiency (4 control group). The method of research is azimuthal-invariant MM microscopy of circular dichroism (CD) of histological sections of the brain.Results. The results of studies of the coordinate and statistical structure of maps of the size of values at the points of digital microscopic images of histological sections of HBS of the dead of all groups revealed a coordinate-inhomogeneous structure of all distributions of the size of the CD of microscopic images of histological sections of the dead of all groups. Probable distributions that characterize MM invariants CD maps of histological sections of brain samples from all groups have a small scatter of values of the statistical moment of the 2nd order, as well as significant values of statistical moments of the 3rd and 4th orders.Conclusion. The efficiency of using the Mueller-matrix mapping method in diagnosing of hemorrhage genesis in the brain substance in the differentiation of the set of samples of control and experimental groups reaches a satisfactory level - 77% - 78%.

Automated Digital Quantification of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Human Histopathology Specimens.

Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by abnormal interstitial extracellular matrix and cellular accumulations. Methods quantifying fibrosis severity in lung histopathology samples are semi-quantitative, subjective, and analyze only portions of sections. We sought to determine whether automated computerized imaging analysis shown to continuously measure fibrosis in mice could also be applied in human samples. A pilot study was conducted to analyze a small number of specimens from patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome pulmonary fibrosis (HPSPF) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Digital images of entire lung histological serial sections stained with picrosirius red and alcian blue or anti-CD68 antibody were analyzed using dedicated software to automatically quantify fibrosis, collagen, and macrophage content. Automated fibrosis quantification based on parenchymal tissue density and fibrosis score measurements was compared to pulmonary function values or Ashcroft score. Automated fibrosis quantification of HPSPF lung explants was significantly higher than that of IPF lung explants or biopsies and was also significantly higher in IPF lung explants than in IPF biopsies. A high correlation coefficient was found between some automated quantification measurements and lung function values for the three sample groups. Automated quantification of collagen content in lung sections used for digital image analyses was similar in the three groups. CD68 immunolabeled cell measurements were significantly higher in HPSPF explants than in IPF biopsies. In conclusion, computerized image analysis provides access to accurate, reader-independent pulmonary fibrosis quantification in human histopathology samples. Fibrosis, collagen content, and immunostained cells can be automatically and individually quantified from serial sections. Robust automated digital image analysis of human lung samples enhances the available tools to quantify and study fibrotic lung disease.

Repair of Critical Size Bone Defects Using Synthetic Hydroxyapatite or Xenograft with or without the Bone Marrow Mononuclear Fraction: A Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Study in Rat Calvaria.

Bone defects are a challenging clinical situation, and the development of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials is a prolific research field that, in addition, can be joined by stem cells and growth factors in order to deal with the problem. This study compares the use of synthetic hydroxyapatite and xenograft, used pure or enriched with bone marrow mononuclear fraction for the regeneration of critical size bone defects in rat calvaria through histomorphometric (Masson’s staining) and immunohistochemical (anti-VEGF, anti-osteopontin) analysis. Forty young adult male rats were divided into five groups (n = 8). Animals were submitted to critical size bone defects (Ø = 8 mm) in the temporoparietal region. In the control group, there was no biomaterial placement in the critical bone defects; in group 1, it was filled with synthetic hydroxyapatite; in group 2, it was filled with xenograft; in group 3, it was filled with synthetic hydroxyapatite, enriched with bone marrow mononuclear fraction (BMMF), and in group 4 it was filled with xenograft, enriched with BMMF. After eight weeks, all groups were euthanized, and histological section images were captured and analyzed. Data analysis showed that in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 (received biomaterials and biomaterials plus BMMF), a significant enhancement in new bone matrix formation was observed in relation to the control group. However, BMMF-enriched groups did not differ from hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials-only groups. Therefore, in this experimental model, BMMF did not enhance hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials’ potential to induce bone matrix and related mediators.

Novel approach for quantification of multiple immunofluorescent signals using histograms and 2D plot profiling of whole-section panoramic images

We describe a novel approach for quantification and colocalization of immunofluorescence (IF) signals of multiple markers on high-resolution panoramic images of serial histological sections utilizing standard staining techniques and readily available software for image processing and analysis. Human gingiva samples stained with primary antibodies against the common leukocyte antigen CD45 and factors related to heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS GAG) were used. Expression domains and spatial gradients of IF signals were quantified by histograms and 2D plot profiles, respectively. The importance of histomorphometric profiling of tissue samples and IF signal thresholding is elaborated. This approach to quantification of IF staining utilizes pixel (px) counts and comparison of px grey value (GV) or luminance. No cell counting is applied either to determine the cellular content of a given histological section nor the number of cells positive to the primary antibody of interest. There is no selection of multiple Regions-Of-Interest (ROIs) since the entire histological section is quantified. Although the standard IF staining protocol is applied, the data output enables colocalization of multiple markers (up to 30) from a given histological sample. This can serve as an alternative for colocalization of IF staining of multiple primary antibodies based on repeating cycles of staining of the same histological section since those techniques require non standard staining protocols and sophisticated equipment that can be out of reach for small laboratories in academic settings. Combined with the data from ontological bases, this approach to quantification of IF enables creation of in silico virtual disease models.

ENTERAL INSUFFICIENCY COURSE SEVERITY DEGREES DIAGNOSTICS IN PERITONITIS BY SMALL INTESTINAL MICROSCOPIC IMAGES PHASE MAPING

Summary. The aim is to determine the efficiency of diagnostics of the enteric insufficiency syndrome severity in peritonitis by phase mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of the laboratory rats’ small intestine.&#x0D; Material and methods. Seventy-eight white nonlinear rats of both sexes were selected, weighing from 180 to 220 g, underwent simulated mild, moderate and severe experimental peritonitis according to the standard method. Samples of optically thin histological sections of the small intestine of rats with different severity of the course of peritonitis were used as the research object.&#x0D; Results. As a result of the study, a structural and logical scheme for studying the effectiveness of differential diagnosis of the severity of peritonitis by means of statistical analysis of the structure of the distribution of phases of microscopic images of biological preparations of rats was developed, which helped to determine the relationships between the distribution of statistical parameters of the 1st–4th orders, which characterize phase maps depending on the severity of the peritonitis course.&#x0D; Conclusion. The revealed changes in the statistical structure of phase maps fully correlate with the measurement data for the polarization phase manifestations of the properties of the polycrystalline component of histological sections, both in the case of the phase measurement of polycrystalline blood films and the wall of the small intestine.

Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Anatomically Realistic Tissue Constructs for Disease Modeling and Drug Testing.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging tissue engineering technology, already with several remarkable accomplishments and with more promises to fulfill. Besides the enduring goal of making tissues for implantation, it could also become an essential tool in the worldwide trend to replace animal experimentation with improved in vitro models for disease mechanism studies, or with new high-throughput pharmacological and toxicology assays. All these require the speed, reproducibility, and standardization that bioprinting could easily provide. However, originating from additive manufacturing with its top-down approach of "filling" a virtual volume with a semifluid (hydrogel) material, the finer internal anatomic structure of the tissues, as well as vascularization and innervation, has remained difficult to implement. Thus, the next frontier in bioprinting is the generation of more anatomically realistic models, needed for ascending to the functionality of living tissues. In this study, I discuss the conceptual and practical barriers still hampering the attainment of this goal and suggest solutions to overcome them. In this regard, I introduce two workflows that combine existing methods in new operational sequences: (1) bioprinting guided by images of histological sections assembled in 3D constructs and (2) bioprinting of bidimensional vascular patterns implemented among stackable cellular layers. While more sophisticated methods to capture the tissue structure in 3D constructs certainly exist, I contend that extrusion bioprinting may still offer a simple, practical, and affordable option. Impact statement Paucity of anatomic structural details is one of the limitations of three-dimensional bioprinting toward fulfilling its potential for tissue engineering, drug testing, and toxicological assays. The origins of this problem can be tracked back to derivation of bioprinting from inorganic additive manufacturing, making it more adept to render the shapes of the objects than their content. As solutions, I suggest two simple workflows that can be implemented by most current bioprinters, based on the import into the construct design of anatomically realistic structural information. If more largely adopted, these and similar approaches may significantly improve the applicability of bioprinted constructs.

Cyanoacrylate glue in socket repair: a comparative study

This study aimed to compare socket repair with Nylon 5-0 suture and closure using cyanoacrylate biological glue after tooth extraction. Twenty male Wistar rats, each weighing approximately 200 g were submitted to the extraction of the right and left first molar teeth. On the right side, the alveolus was closed with 2 ethyl-cyanoacrylate glue, whereas on the left side closure was with a single interrupted Nylon 5-0 suture (Ethilon). The animals were sacrificed after 3, 7, 15, and 30 postoperative days, and images of histological sections of the alveolus were captured for analysis. Histomorphometry was performed using Image J software to quantify bone neoformation in the alveolus. The results showed that on the seventh postoperative day the side treated with 2-ethyl-cyanoacrylate presented a delay in relation to the sutured side. However, on days 15 and 30, the difference in bone neoformation between gradually decreased until the thirtieth postoperative day, with no significant difference in bone neoformation in the last period of analysis. There was no difference between neoformation in the two sides (p = 0.902) after statistical analysis of the histomorphometric results. In conclusion, socket repair after alveolus closure with 2-ethyl-cyanoacrylate allows complete bone neoformation after tooth extraction, and there is no significant difference when compared with closure with Nylon 5-0.

Deep Regional Metastases Segmentation for Patient-Level Lymph Node Status Classification

Generally, automatic diagnosis of the presence of metastases in lymph nodes has therapeutic implications for breast cancer patients. Detection and classification of breast cancer metastases have high clinical relevance, especially in whole-slide images of histological lymph node sections. Fast early detection leads to huge improvement of patient’s survival rate. However, currently pathologists mainly detect the metastases with microscopic assessments. This diagnosis procedure is extremely laborious and prone to inevitable missed diagnoses. Therefore, automated, accurate patient-level classification would hold great promise to reduce the pathologist’s workload while also reduce the subjectivity of diagnosis. In this paper, we provide a novel deep regional metastases segmentation (DRMS) framework for the patient-level lymph node status classification. First, a deep segmentation network (DSNet) is proposed to detect the regional metastases in patch-level. Then, we adopt the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) to predict the whole metastases from individual slides. Finally, we determine patient-level pN-stages by aggregating each individual slide-level prediction. In combination with the above techniques, the framework can make better use of the multi-grained information in histological lymph node section of whole-slice images. Experiments on large-scale clinical datasets (e.g., CAMELYON17) demonstrate that our method delivers advanced performance and provides consistent and accurate metastasis detection in clinical trials.

Диференціальна діагностика доброякісних і злоякісних пухлин простати методом поляризаційно-сингулярної Мюллер-матричної мікроскопії полікристалічних плівок крові

The article presents the results of determining the possibilities of polarization-singular approach to improve the efficiency of Mueller-matrix polarimetry in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant with varying degrees of differentiation of prostate tumors. The relationships between the characteristic values of the elements of the Mueller matrix and the polarization-singular L - states of microscopic images of histological sections of the biopsy of prostate tumors and polycrystalline blood films were determined. The technique of experimental determination of distributions of characteristic values of Mueller-matrix images is developed and tested. Statistical criteria for rapid differential diagnosis of histological sections of prostate adenoma and adenocarcinoma with different degrees of differentiation were determined. The operational characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) of the diagnostic power of the singular polarimetry method are determined.