Image Makers Research Articles

Giving Bodies Back to Data: Image Makers, Bricolage, and Reinvention in Magnetic Resonance Technology by Silvia Casini (review)

Giving Bodies Back to Data: Image Makers, Bricolage, and Reinvention in Magnetic Resonance Technology by Silvia Casini (review)

Hippocampal amide proton transfer values are associated with cerebral small vessel disease imaging markers and total burden: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Neurodegeneration has been suggested to be associated with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The association between different CSVD imaging markers and the extent of neurodegeneration could be indirectly confirmed by examining the relationship between CSVD imaging markers and the hippocampal amide proton transfer (APT) values. The associations between hippocampal APT values with CSVD imaging markers and CSVD total load need to be further validated. The aim of this study was to investigate potential variations in hippocampal APT values among individuals with CSVD imaging markers and varying degrees of CSVD total burden. A cross-sectional study (retrospective analysis of prospectively-acquired data) was conducted at Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. From May 2020 to June 2021, 165 individuals (age, 40-76 years; male/female, 103/62) were included in this study. The inclusion criteria for the participants were as follows: The presence of lacunar infarction (LI), and/or cerebral microbleed (CMB); moderate-to-severe enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) (>20); deep white matter hyperintensity (WMH) > Fazekas 2 or periventricular WMH > Fazekas. The exclusion criteria comprised the following: History of craniocerebral operation; Cases with significant pathology incidentally identified during magnetic resonance (MR) scan; Drug or alcohol abuse. The differences of hippocampal APT values between CSVD imaging makers presence or absence groups and different CSVD total burden groups were compared using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The correlations between APT values and CSVD imaging markers were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. A mediation analysis model was used to investigate the mediating effect of the hippocampal APT values in the association between CSVD total loads and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was assessed. The hippocampal APT values among different CSVD total load groups were significantly different (P<0.001). The hippocampal APT values were significantly different between the imaging markers presence and absence groups. The P values for the LI, WMH EPVS, and CMB presence or absence groups were <0.001, <0.001, 0.034, and 0.002, respectively. The hippocampal APT values were significantly correlated with CMB (P<0.01), LI (P<0.01) and WMH (P<0.01). The mediation models demonstrated that the APT values of the hippocampus partially mediated the association between CSVD total load and MoCA score, the proportion of mediation attributable was calculated as 17.50%. Hippocampal APT values were associated with CSVD imaging markers and total burden. Hippocampal APT values may serve as a biomarker for the early detection of neurodegeneration in CSVD patients.

Narrative analysis of seniors’ travel sharing: Self-shaping images and narrative patterns

Active ageing is a widely recognized notion that highlights seniors’ positive value and vitality, dissolving stereotypes by acknowledging heterogeneity. Currently, as an increasing number of senior visitors share trips, senior tourism has emerged as a practical means to foster a positive image of ageing. However, what images of ageing are conveyed and the process by which tourism stories are presented is unclear. To bridge the gap in seniors’ travel sharing, this study employed a narrative analysis method based on semistructured interviews with 49 Chinese senior visitors. Drawing upon selection, optimization, and compensation theory, the study identifies three narrative patterns: sliced-plain, staged, and introspective, and three image types: the plain immersion visitor, the active ageing image maker, and the relationship connector. By introducing seniors as research subjects, results revealed the logic and changing views of ageing behind seniors’ travel sharing. The understanding of heterogeneity and self-image construction among senior visitors was deepened. These findings also offer tourism destinations guidance on targeted marketing for senior visitors.

SELF-PRESENTATION IN COMMUNICATION: ASPECTS OF VISUAL SELF-IMAGE OF I

Self-presentation is considered as a process of a person presenting his own image in the social world, characterized by the intention of creating a certain impression of himself among others. There are a number of ap-proaches to the study of self-presentation of a person: interactive, communicative, socio-perceptual, cultural, gender, individual-personal, applied. One of the directions of psychological research of self-presentation is various aspects of the visual self-presentation of the image of the Self in communication. The sign manifestations of the external appearance of a person as a subject of communication are studied within the framework of the psychosemiotic ap-proach. Visual-semiotic manifestations of external appearance are considered as a means of objectifi cation and interpretation of the subject, as a means of expressive-impressive manifestation of personality, the basis of which is the interpretive nature of visual signs. The eff ectiveness of the visual self-presentation of the subject is associated with psychosemiotic competence and refl ection at the general cultural level. The forms of self-presentation include perfectionist self-presentation — self-presentation by a person of an ideal version of himself, the use of signs of success, beauty. P. Hewitt developed a model of perfectionist self-presentation, which refl ects diff erent facets of this phenomenon: demonstration of perfection — the desire to appear perfect in the eyes of others, to arouse admiration and respect for others with their perfection; behavioral non-manifestation of imperfection — the desire to behave in such a way as to hide one’s own imperfection from other people. The article discusses the results of an empirical study of the perfectionist self-presentation of designers at diff erent stages of their professional development. The study of self-presentation in general, and the visual self-presentation of the image of the Self in particular, is of great scientifi c and practical importance for representatives of various professional groups, especially socionomic profes-sions, image makers. Managing the visual self-image of the self-image from the standpoint of the psychosemiotic approach is the basis for the formation of a personal and professional image.

Archives of/as resistance: On the justice potential of eyewitness image records documenting the Syrian conflict

What are the new possibilities of enacting justice through the vast archives of digital eyewitness images and self-representations produced since 2011 by the grassroots Syrian opposition movement amidst both a nascent revolution and a war entailing gross human rights violations? Based on in-depth interviews with 15 anti-regime Syrian video activists, my article considers how the image makers themselves narrate the role and meaning of these archival records in efforts to reckon with Syria’s tormented past and build a more just future. I thus seek to recognize the ongoing agency of the Syrian media activists who struggled, by centering them and their wishes in the current debate about the role that this new type of activist-fueled “human rights records” can play in helping to build roads to justice and healing in Syria.

Peran Humas Kepolisian Resor Tangerang Selatan dalam Meningkatkan Citra Kepolisian

With the various negative issues that have approached the Indonesian police, this can have a negative impact on the image of the police. Therefore, a maximum public relations role is needed in improving the image of the police. This research aims to find out about the role of public relations of the South Tangerang Resort Police in improving the image of the police. It is also done to find out the opinions of external parties, namely the community and journalists who partner with the South Tangerang Police regarding the role that has been carried out by public relations in improving the image of the police. The theory used is the Public Relations Role theory from Ruslan (2016), namely Communicator, Relationship, Back up Management, and Good Image Maker. The approach used in conducting this research is a qualitative approach, and uses descriptive methods using data collection techniques through interviews, documentation, and literature studies. There are four sources in this study, namely the head of the public relations section of the Tangsel Police, PS PIDM Sub Section, one of the people who live in South Tangerang and journalists who partner with the Tangsel Police. The results of this study indicate that the role of public relations of South Tangerang Police in improving the image is carried out in various ways, namely as a Communicator, Relationship, Back up Management, and Good Image Maker, the role of public relations has been carried out well, so that people can continue to believe in the police institution.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY LAMPUNG IN INCREASING A POSITIVE IMAGE

The educational institutions basically need Public Relations which aims to gain goodwill, trust, mutual understanding and a good image from the public. Increased competition among tertiary institutions makes each tertiary institution challenged to form a positive image to the public. Prospective students will have a special interest in campuses that have a positive image. The problem in this research is what is the role Public Relations Muhammadiyah University of Lampung in Improving Positive Image. The research methodology is a qualitative constructivism approach with the case study method which is carried out in its entirety, comprehensively and in depth using a variety of data sources. The results of the research show that there are four main roles required of a Public Relations namely, as Communicator, Public Relations Communicate intensively through media and community groups, Relations, Public Relations capabilities building positive relationships between institutions represented and internal and external public, backup management, carry out management support or support departmental activities other in tertiary institutions for the creation of common goals, good image makers, create positive college image and publicity.

Book review: Silvia Casini (2021). Giving Bodies Back to Data: Image Makers, Bricolage, and Reinvention in Magnetic Resonance Technology

Silvia Casini (2021). Giving Bodies Back to Data: Image Makers, Bricolage, and Reinvention in Magnetic Resonance Technology. MIT Press, 312 pp. ISBN: 9780262045292 (Hardback).

The frequency of imaging markers adjusted for time since symptom onset in intracerebral hemorrhage: A novel predictor for hematoma expansion.

Hematoma expansion (HE) is common in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and associated with a worse outcome. Imaging makers and shorter time from symptom onset are both associated with HE, but prognostic scores based on these parameters individually have not been satisfactory. We hypothesized that a score including both imaging markers of expansion, and time of onset, would improve prediction. Patients with supratentorial ICH within 6 h after onset were consecutively recruited from six centers between January 2018 and August 2022. Three markers were used: hypodensities, the blend sign, and the island sign. We first defined frequency of imaging markers (FIM) as the relationship between the number of imaging markers and onset-to-CT time (OCT). The time-adjusted FIM was defined as the ratio of the number of imaging markers to the onset-to-initial imaging time. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the relationship between FIM and HE. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to identify potential threshold values of FIM that optimally predict HE. In addition, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPVs and NPVs), and the area under the curve (AUC) of the optimal cut-off in predicting HE were calculated. In total, 1488 patients were eligible for inclusion, of whom 418 had incident HE. Multivariate analysis showed that age, male sex, baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and FIM were independent predictors of HE (odds ratio (OR) = 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97-0.99; OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.28-2.35; OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.83-0.92; OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.28-0.62; OR = 7.82, 95% CI = 5.86-10.42, respectively). The optimal cut-off point for FIM in predicting HE was 0.63, with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC values of 0.69, 0.89, 0.71, 0.88, and 0.83, respectively. The FIM adjusted for time since symptom onset is a significant predictor of HE. Its use may allow improved prediction of those patients with ICH who develop HE, and the score may be clinically applicable in the management of patients with ICH.

Nollywood Celebrities and the Emergence of Pro-Nigeria Fan Cultures in Cameroon: A Conceptual Discourse

Like other world cinemas, Nollywood has since its inception in the 1990s, engendered actor fandom inside and outside Nigeria. Indeed, the trans- nationalisation and explosion of Nollywood have enabled the popularity not only of Nigerian films, but also of Nollywood stars, in countries across the world. As mentioned in passing by a number of commentators, Nollywood celebrities have rapidly become stars in such places as African Diasporas in the West, in Caribbean countries and most especially in Africa. In tandem with this, a number of Nigerian actors have, thanks to their popularity, been recruited to work in giant political and marketing campaigns outside Nigeria. However, although mentioned in a number of cinema studies and blog articles, the issue of the emergence of Nollywood actors’ fans in countries across Africa remains understudied nay downplayed in research works. The studies that evoke this phenomenon tend to do so just in passing. In the bid to fill this gap in knowledge, the present article attempts an examination of pro-Nigeria fan cultures which emerged in Cameroon from early 2000s as a result of the popularity of Nollywood films and Nigerian actors in the country. Based on secondary sources and critical observations, the paper argues that Nollywood stars have been one of Nigeria’s major image makers in Cameroon. These stars contribute immensely to the deconstruction of anti-Nigeria stereotypes, as well as to laundering a Nigerian image which has for decades, appeared seriously battered.

Giving Bodies Back to Data: Image Makers, Bricolage, and Reinvention in Magnetic Resonance Technology

March 29 2023 Giving Bodies Back to Data: Image Makers, Bricolage, and Reinvention in Magnetic Resonance Technology Giving Bodies Back to Data: Image Makers, Bricolage, and Reinvention in Magnetic Resonance Technology. by Silvia Casini. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, 2021. 312 pp., illus. Trade. ISBN: 9780262045292. Roberta Buiani Roberta Buiani Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences. Email: rbuiani@gmail.com. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Roberta Buiani Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences. Email: rbuiani@gmail.com. Online ISSN: 1530-9282 Print ISSN: 0024-094X © ISAST2023ISAST Leonardo 329–331. https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_r_02389 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Roberta Buiani; Giving Bodies Back to Data: Image Makers, Bricolage, and Reinvention in Magnetic Resonance Technology. Leonardo 2023; doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_r_02389 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsLeonardo Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © ISAST2023ISAST Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Longitudinal characterization of white matter degeneration in early stages of AD

AbstractBackgroundWhite matter (WM) degeneration in older adults is often characterized unimodally by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), T1w and T2‐FLAIR MRI. However, approaches integrating multimodal MRI information will be necessary for better understanding WM degeneration in early stages of AD.MethodThis study characterizes the longitudinal changes of WM structure among 66 participants with marked baseline white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHv &gt; 2000 mm3). 42 cognitively normal [CN, 72±7.2y, F = 25] and 24 mild cognitive impairment [MCI, 74±5.7y, F = 14]) adults underwent longitudinal MRI (scan interval: 2.8±0.85 years) within the Wake Forest AD Research Center. DTI metrics were estimated using FMRIB’s Diffusion Toolbox, voxel‐wise volumetric changes of WM (Jacobian Determinant [JD]) were estimated from fractional anisotropy (FA) maps using SPM CAT12, and WMHv were quantified using SPM’s Lesion Segmentation Toolbox. We segmented WM into WMH and normal‐appearing WM (NAWM) to characterize different degeneration patterns by integrating multimodal MRI information. We performed a linear regression analysis of %WMHv change with cognitive status, scan interval, and baseline WMH volume as covariates.ResultDecreased FA and increased mean diffusivity (MD) were observed in WMH regions compared with NAWM. Within WMH, interestingly, volume and FA increased, while MD decreased (p &lt;0.001) during the longitudinal follow‐up (Figs. 1 and 2). Baseline WMHv was not significantly associated with cognitive status, but trended toward higher WMHv in MCI compared to CN (p = 0.07). Adjusted for baseline WMHv, cognitive status was associated with WMHv change (p = 0.036, MCI faster than CN, Fig. 3). While FA (p = 0.99) and MD (p = 0.16) did not change in the NAWM, volumetric change rate (JD) indicated volumetric contraction (p&lt;0.001, Figs. 4 and 5). WMH progresses with time in older adults at risk of AD dementia by occupying neighboring NAWM regions, resulting in relative increases in FA and decreases in MD.ConclusionIn NAWM, WM degeneration can be better characterized by volumetric contraction than white matter microstructural integrity. This observation could implicate that secondary or peripheral WM fibers may reveal more vulnerable tracts in early stages of AD. Further investigation incorporating imaging makers of blood perfusion and metabolism could better explain structural mechanisms of WM degeneration.

The Friedan mystique: feminist revolution and Betty Friedan's Jewish identity

ABSTRACT Betty Friedan is often considered one of the foremothers of the women's liberation movement in the mid-twentieth century; however, more recently, critics have addressed her centering of white, middle-class women, especially in The Feminine Mystique. This brief essay examines Freidan's Jewish identity in conjunction with her experiences of anti-Semitism as a way of rethinking why Friedan centered white, middle-class women. I look specifically at Friedan's experiences growing up in an immigrant family that prioritized assimilation into American culture. With this background in mind, I address how Friedan became an image maker in the media despite her Jewish identity. The pressure to assimilate into Christian, white, middle-class norms informed her understanding of mainstream audiences as well as shaped the goals of her feminism.

Әлемдік саяси көшбасшылардың имиджін қалыптастырудағы PR-технологияларды қолдану ерекшеліктері

The article is devoted to the importance of mastery of the use of PR technologies by world-class leaders in the formation of a political image on the example of former US presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump, as well as the current Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The topic of the role of mass media, social media, Internet resources in creating the image of political leaders and personal prestige in front of the population of the country is widely disclosed. The purpose of the research article is to show the features of the use of PR technologies by image makers and political technologists in the formation of the image of political leaders, to highlight their influence, to determine the effectiveness of PR technologies in accordance with modern realities, to explain meaning of PR technologies to future image formation specialists. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the use of PR technologies in the formation of the image of politicians on the political stage is an effective business, which is implemented through the creation of a special plan. PR specialists immerse themselves in the subtleties of forming the image of a leader and in the future achieve effective results with the skillful use of PR technologies. In addition, the article emphasizes that the creation of the image of a leader among the population plays an important role in obtaining more votes in elections, giving an example of how these politicians, especially during electoral campaigns, successfully used PR technologies

Archiving the Algerian Revolution in Zineb Sedira's Gardiennes d'images

Archiving the Algerian Revolution in Zineb Sedira's <i>Gardiennes d'images</i>

Moving at the speed of sight: before-and-after imagery in nineteenth-century American print culture and the acceleration of visual time

ABSTRACT This article explores the quickening pace of visual time in the nineteenth century from ‘slow’ portrayals, evidenced in long series showing gradual change over time, to ‘fast’ visual time conveyed through ‘before-and-after’ jump cuts. Drawing from film studies, it argues that popular image makers not only played a central role in creating innovative ways to represent people’s new experiences of accelerated time, but also, in the process, contributed to that acceleration themselves. Often using state-of-the-art printing and distribution technologies, image makers exposed Americans, and particularly nascent consumers, to ever-more-sophisticated forms of commercial representations that helped not only to accustom them to the faster pace and disorientation of mass transportation, communications, and production but also to embrace it. Radically different from their pictorial precursors, before-and-after images, which became common visual tropes late in the century, were key to this new temporality. Because they compressed time by distilling its passage into two succinct images – using what film historians refer to as ‘the cut’ – these illustrations did not simply function as innovative forms of commercial information selling specific goods. More significantly, they encouraged consumers to place themselves at the center of a much larger story of modernity, progress, and transformation.

Characterization of Parkinson's Disease Subtypes and Related Attributes.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with complex, heterogeneous motor and non-motor symptoms. The current evidence shows that there is still a marked heterogeneity in the subtyping of Parkinson's disease using both clinical and data-driven approaches. Another challenge posed in PD subtyping is the reproducibility of previously identified PD subtypes. These issues require additional results to confirm previous findings and help reconcile discrepancies, as well as establish a standardized application of cluster analysis to facilitate comparison and reproducibility of identified PD subtypes. Our study aimed to address this gap by investigating subtypes of Parkinson's disease using comprehensive clinical (motor and non-motor features) data retrieved from 408 de novo Parkinson's disease patients with the complete clinical data in the Parkinson's Progressive Marker Initiative database. A standardized k-means cluster analysis approach was developed by taking into consideration of common practice and recommendations from previous studies. All data analysis codes were made available online to promote data comparison and validation of reproducibility across research groups. We identified two distinct PD subtypes, termed the severe motor-non-motor subtype (SMNS) and the mild motor- non-motor subtype (MMNS). SMNS experienced symptom onset at an older age and manifested more intense motor and non-motor symptoms than MMNS, who experienced symptom onset at a younger age and manifested milder forms of Parkinson's symptoms. The SPECT imaging makers supported clinical findings such that the severe motor-non-motor subtype showed lower binding values than the mild motor- non-motor subtype, indicating more significant neural damage at the nigral pathway. In addition, SMNS and MMNS show distinct motor (ANCOVA test: F = 47.35, p< 0.001) and cognitive functioning (F = 33.93, p< 0.001) progression trends. Such contrast between SMNS and MMNS in both motor and cognitive functioning can be consistently observed up to 3 years following the baseline visit, demonstrating the potential prognostic value of identified PD subtypes.

Reading Children's Drawings Through Analysis of Three Metafunctions

For researchers, early childhood educators, and art educators, the contribution of this article is to expand meaning in drawing activities. Perspective in reading pictures using visual culture theory, especially visual grammar. This study aims to share knowledge and experiences in reading early childhood pictures from different perspectives. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach through visual material data collection techniques and analysis of three metafunctions. The objects of research are three pictures of children aged 7-8 years, namely the works of winners of the I-III children's painting competition held by PP-IPTEK TMII in 2018. Aspects of the representation structure, interaction system, and composition of each image are analyzed. The research findings conclude that the ideational function of the three images shows a narrative structure of representation and raises the discourse of resistance to the actual situation. The interpersonal function of the three images places the image maker in the real world and as an object of display impersonally. The textual functions of the three images position social life on other planets as a reflection of hope for real social life.Keywords: children's drawings, visual culture, visual system, three metafunctions&#x0D;

Contributors

Contributors

Pastoral communication in the Local church in Nigeria: From planning to execution

5Y76ract: Planning is at the heart of every good human endeavour. In the Catholic Church, Pastoral Planning is a key ingredient of Pastoral Communication. The purpose/objective of the paper was to investigate the place of Pastoral Communication in the life of the Church in Bauchi Diocese, Nigeria. Leaning on the interaction theory, this paper which employed the qualitative method of study found that a well grounded Pastoral Communication would facilitate active participation of everyone one in the evangelizing mission of the Local Church. It recommended harnessing communication media and human communication as well as ensuring feedback mechanism and periodic evaluation as practical ways of revamping Pastoral Communication in Bauchi Diocese and the Church in the Nigeria. It concluded that Pastoral Communication creates image makers for the Church in Bauchi and the country at large.