Image Of Poland Research Articles

Facebook-сторінка Анджея Дуди та імідж Польщі у період повномасштабного вторгнення російських військ в Україну

The aim of the article is to study the image of the President and the national brand of the Republic of Poland during the full-scale invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine through the prism of the informational content of Andrej Duda’s page on Facebook. Methodology of the research lies in conducting content-analysis of Andrej Duda’s Facebook page concerning the information related to the Russian-Ukrainian war and correlating it with the image of Andrzej Duda as well as with the overall image of Poland on the international arena before and during the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. The scientific novelty lies in conducting the analysis of posts on Andrzej Duda’s official Facebook page to study whether they contain information on Ukraine and Western partners of the anti-Russian coalition as well as correlating them with the image of Andrzej Duda and the overall image of Poland on the international arena before and after the full-scale invasion of the Russian troops into Ukraine. The article studies as the team of President of Poland Andrzej Duda extensively used Facebook social network to achieve the set political and electoral goals, focusing both on the internal and external audience. Conclusions. Content analysis of President of Poland Andrzej Duda’s Facebook page has shown that during full-scale invasion of the Russian troops into Ukraine the Presidents’ team continued to actively exploit this resource as an important channel for internal political communication as well as for establishing relations with foreign partners. The study observes a priority shift from cohesion of internal traditionalist catholic electorate to shaping an international anti-Russian coalition. Looking at short-term consequences of this priority shift, it may be considered negative for “Law and Justice” as Andrej Duda’s party has lost at the Parliamentary elections in autumn 2023. However, when analyzing the situation from the perspective of Polish state interests, protection of democracy, European security and sustainability of Western civilization, Andrzej Duda achieved positive results in his international activities.

Facebook-сторінка Анджея Дуди та імідж Польщі у період повномасштабного вторгнення російських військ в Україну

The aim of the article is to study the image of the President and the national brand of the Republic of Poland during the full-scale invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine through the prism of the informational content of Andrej Duda’s page on Facebook. Methodology of the research lies in conducting content-analysis of Andrej Duda’s Facebook page concerning the information related to the Russian-Ukrainian war and correlating it with the image of Andrzej Duda as well as with the overall image of Poland on the international arena before and during the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. The scientific novelty lies in conducting the analysis of posts on Andrzej Duda’s official Facebook page to study whether they contain information on Ukraine and Western partners of the anti-Russian coalition as well as correlating them with the image of Andrzej Duda and the overall image of Poland on the international arena before and after the full-scale invasion of the Russian troops into Ukraine. The article studies as the team of President of Poland Andrzej Duda extensively used Facebook social network to achieve the set political and electoral goals, focusing both on the internal and external audience. Conclusions. Content analysis of President of Poland Andrzej Duda’s Facebook page has shown that during full-scale invasion of the Russian troops into Ukraine the Presidents’ team continued to actively exploit this resource as an important channel for internal political communication as well as for establishing relations with foreign partners. The study observes a priority shift from cohesion of internal traditionalist catholic electorate to shaping an international anti-Russian coalition. Looking at short-term consequences of this priority shift, it may be considered negative for “Law and Justice” as Andrej Duda’s party has lost at the Parliamentary elections in autumn 2023. However, when analyzing the situation from the perspective of Polish state interests, protection of democracy, European security and sustainability of Western civilization, Andrzej Duda achieved positive results in his international activities.

Jan Sawka: Theatre of Image and Metaphor

Jan Sawka: Theatre of Image and Metaphor

Kolekcja sybiracka Archiwum Naukowego Polskiego Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego we Wrocławiu. Bibliografia komentowana, wstęp i oprac. Małgorzata Ruchniewicz, Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze, Wrocław 2020, Biblioteka Zesłańca, Świadectwa XX wieku, t. 1, 520 ss.

IMAGE OF POLAND (SECOND POLISH REPUBLIC, POLISH PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC AND THIRD POLISH REPUBLIC) IN MODERN UKRAINIAN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS The article analyses which image of Poland is present in modern Ukrainian textbooks of history for pupils of 10th and 11th forms (regarding the period since 1918 till present) that were written after the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2014 and were published during 2018-2019. The study is based on content analysis of 30 textbooks on The History of Ukraine, World History and the integrated course “History: Ukraine and the World” for pupils of 10th and 11th forms. In order to determine how positive or negative is the image of Poland that is formed in the mind of the reader, the 4th year students of the History Department of Mykhaylo Kotsiubynsky Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University were asked to determine the number of mentions of the words Poland, Polish, the Poles etc. with positive, neutral and negative connotation in every textbook. The obtained results were then subject to quality analysis.We may observe the ambiguous reflection of the image of Poland in Ukrainian history schoolbooks, which is a logical reflection of long-lasting and complex historical relations between the Poles and the Ukrainians. In general, the image of Poland in The History of Ukraine textbooks is worse than the one presented in the World History textbooks as the authors were forced to show different sides of Polish-Ukrainian interaction in the 20th century. However, real historical conditions for Polish-Ukrainian friendship and cooperation at the current stage and the results of the work of the Joint International Committee of Experts on Improving the Content of School Textbooks have undoubtedly influenced the situation – in spite of highlighting truly difficult relations between the two peoples, the “enemy image” of Poland is not formed; attention is mostly focused on broad political, social, cultural and other circumstances that have led to ambiguous situations in Polish-Ukrainian relations. At the world history level authors mostly focused on presenting Poland as a victim of totalitarian regimes and a symbol of the fight for freedom. The negative part of the image of Poland goes back to the confrontation between the Polish and the Ukrainians in the 1st half of the 20th century (after the events of World War I) and the positive side is based on unity in resisting totalitarianism, protection of democracy, integration into the EU and NATO. Consequently, the image of the Second Polish Republic and the Polish Republic of 1944-1952 is worse that the image of the Third Polish Republic (the image of Polish People’s Republic is very indistinct altogether). This image of Poland, which is gradually improving in Ukrainian textbooks of history from 1918 to 2018 is an indicator of good prospects for further international cooperation as the pupils see the positive dynamics and will be able to continue this process.

Zagraniczny wymiar polityki historycznej Prawa i Sprawiedliwości (2015–2019)

From the very beginning, the main goals of the Law and Justice (PiS) party were to strengthen the independent existence of the Republic of Poland and the country’s international position, as well as to spread patriotic attitudes and strengthen the social and national solidarity of Poles. For party members, the subjects of patriotism and national remembrance were among the key elements in maintaining the national cohesion of Poles, and raising the level of civilization and the quality of life of the entire society. In the external dimension (related to the influence of the past on the image of Poland in the modern world and the shaping of the image of the state and its nation), the party’s politics were reduced to a few basic assumptions. The first was to restore the awareness of Polish history and Poland’s importance in Europe, as well as to describe and universalize the Polish experience in the international arena as an essential component of the European tradition. The second assumption of PiS’s politics of memory was to oppose the attempts to relativize responsibility for the crimes of World War II, as well as to argue with all actions aimed at a moral and historical revision of the position of the Polish state and nation, whether from Germany and, more broadly, from international actors and the Russian Federation. The last assumption of these politics was to build good relations with Israel and the Jewish diaspora, particularly in the United States, which the party leaders perceived as a symbol and guarantee of security, as well as a source of rapid economic development.

The Image of Poland and Poles in the Dymitriads from the British perspective

The Image of Poland and Poles in the Dymitriads from the British perspective

The image of Poland and Poles in European public discourse: An analysis of polls and articles from the Western press, 2004–2017

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie wizerunku Polski i Polaków w krajach „starej Unii” oraz zanalizowanie jak Polacy byli oceniani przed akcesją do Unii Europejskiej w 2004 roku i jak są postrzegani obecnie. Niniejsze studium próbuje pokazać, czy w wyniku włączenia polski do struktur europejskich wizerunek naszego kraju się zmienił i na ile; jak nasza ponad 13 letnia obecność w strukturach unijnych wpływa na postrzeganie naszego kraju zarówno wśród elit politycznych państw unijnych, jak i zwykłych obywateli. Wykorzystane są badania opinii publicznej, polskie i międzynarodowe, jak również artykuły prasowe, głównie z prasy anglojęzycznej.

The Image of Poland in Bulgarian Mass Media in 1990–1998 in the Light of Documents from the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland

In this article, the image of Poland in the Bulgarian mass media was analyzed. This image was presented on the basis of reports that were made by employees of the Polish Embassy in Sofia and sent to the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Polish Embassy in Sofia had the biggest impact in promotion of the Polish themes in the Bulgarian mass media. Polish issues have been present in the Bulgarian mass media from the beginning of political transformation, although the media presented information from Poland with varying frequency. The popularity of Polish issues in the Bulgarian media grew significantly when important political and economic events took place in Poland, or when there were meetings on the highest level between representatives of both states. During this period, the mass media created a positive image of Poland, mainly regarding economic issues. Poland was recognised as the leader in the process of political and economic transformations among Central and Eastern Europe countries.

Defining Reality: Photography and the Surrealist Concept of the Image in Poland in the 1940s

The text discusses definitions of photography formulated in Poland in the 1940s. The author analyses Zbigniew Dłubak’s series of photographs inspired by the poetry of Pablo Neruda in reference to surrealism, Marxism, and, primarily, to Władysław Strzemiński’s theory of vision. Particular emphasis is placed on the concept of the image shared by Dłubak and Strzemiński, a concept that links the issue of realism with individual expression, allowing for a formal differentiation of representation (abstraction). In consequence, the analysed series by Dłubak is presented as sharing similarities with seemingly formally remote series of collages To My Friends the Jews by Strzemiński. Both demonstrate an ambition to express in the modern form both collective realism as well as individual memory, primarily of the war events. Proposed interpretation suggests that the use and understanding of photography as a medium closely tied to reality had a decisive meaning for the new formula of the image constructed right after 1945 – formula open to experimenting, yet also ideologically radical, addressing the existential problems of the individual involved with the new political order.

A Lesson Learned? The Image of Poland during World War II Presented by Recent German Literature and Its Perception in Public Discourses

Based on Wolf Schmid’s Narratology, this article depicts the influence of the so-called abstract dimension on the reception of Kevin Vennemann’s Nahe Jedenew (Close to Jedenew, 2005) and Matthias Nawrat’s Die vielen Tode unseres Opas Jurek (Numerous Deaths of Grandpa Jurek, 2015). The abstract dimension – being, among others, the result of personal beliefs and individual “literary experiences” – helps to understand contradictory opinions about the same work and depends often (but not exclusively) on different historical knowledge and awareness. The reception in the media and academic discourse reveals schemata that cannot be explained by the text alone. I argue that the recipient is highly influenced by the author’s personal background, although it is not about autobiographies – which clearly reduces options for interpretation.

Reputation of Poland in the Public Opinion of the Countries of Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century in the Studies of the Institute of Public Affairs

Relevance of the topic of the research is determined by the necessity to systemize the works on the study of the reputation of the Republic of Poland during the period of transformation finalization and negotiations on accession to the European Union, which will allow to use them in the future both for the scientific and research work as well as for the application of best practices of national branding in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to study the content and value of the studies of the Institute of Public Affairs dedicated to the topic of reputation of Poland in the countries of Europe at the beginning of the 21st century. Methodology of the research is based on the combination of general (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and specific (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic, sociocultural) scientific methods with the principals of historicism, systematicity, scientificity and verification. The Institute of Public Affairs was one of the leading analytical centers of the Republic of Poland. The studies, conducted by the Institute, have shown what reputation Poland and the Polish had in the public opinion of the countries of Europe during the phase of active negotiations on the country’s accession to the EU. The IPA’s experts analysed the information about Poland provided by the European media. The researchers provided extensive empirical data as well as the analysis of the theoretical aspect of reputation formation and illustrated the functioning and shift of historical stereotypes. Conclusions. According to the results of the studies of the Institute of Public Affairs, at the very beginning of the 21st century the country had a reputation during the negotiations on the accession to the European Union, which was caused by negative stereotypes. This situation could have been rectified (and in the end, it was rectified), as the historical stereotypes are slowly eliminated, however, they are being changed under the influence of contemporary reality. Mass media play a significant role in this process, being the mirror of public mood and an instrument for shaping it. At the same time, a positive image of Poland was formed in the public opinion of Ukraine, however, Ukraine itself had a bad reputation among the population of Poland, which should have served as an implication for the representatives of the Ukrainian governing elites to take the necessary similar steps.

М’ЯКА СИЛА В ПРІОРИТЕТАХ ПОЛЬСЬКОЇ ДИПЛОМАТІЇ У 2019 РОЦІ

Information of the Minister of Foreign Affairs on Polish Foreign Policy Tasks is an annual speech presenting the main line of action of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland. The aim o f the article is to present the assumptions for 2019 through the prism of soft power. Attractiveness of culture and values offered by the state, being the fundamental attributes of soft power understood as the ability to create other preferences of people, which may influence the way institutions and even the international system function, are important factors forming foreign policy, although in the case of Poland this range is limited only to the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Since Jacek Czaputowi cz was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, historical policy as well as greater involvement of the Polish community in building a positive image of Poland on the international arena have been included in this catalogue. The text consists of four main pa rts. The first one is a theoretical layer, which is an introduction to the soft power of the title. The next is the placement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the political scene and the presentation of the assumptions for 2018. The last one is devote d to soft power categories in the Information on the tasks of Polish foreign policy for 2019. It was divided into four smaller parts, each preceded by a theoretical introduction: norms and values; the importance of the historical factor in the creation of soft power; culture; diplomacy; the role of the Polish community in building the image of the Republic.

Polen in der deutschen Geschichtsforschung 1850–1933. Bemerkungen zum Polenbild in der Historischen Zeitschrift

Poland in German Historical Research in the Years 1850–1933: Comments on the Image of Poland in the Journal Historische Zeitschrift This analysis of the articles about Poland in the journal Historische Zeitschrift published from the beginning of the journal to around 1933 reveals facts which are important for the assessment of the achievements and shortages of German historical science. In general, the elite of historians hardly took Poland into consideration. In the years 1850–1860 to 1880, they presented Poland as a culturally handicapped country, entangled in Catholicism, completely incapable of ordering and forming power, as a country which would benefit from further colonization by the Germans. In the years 1880–1918, this pejorative image was selectively improved as some assessments became more varied, and Polish historical science gained some recognition. After 1918, the main criterion in presenting Polish history - the ability or inability to create a state – somewhat receded, but new racist content appeared. Eventually, the fate of Poland ceased to attract the authors’ attention as their interest shifted to Russia. Translated by Agnieszka Chabros

Intelligence Operations of the Russian Federation Against Poland

ABSTRACT The information gathered as a result of Russian intelligence activities against Poland serves to discredit Poland as a state co-shaping the Eastern policy of the European Union and NATO. The aim is to reduce Poland’s influence on this policy. The priorities of Russian intelligence in Poland include the energy sector, the armed forces, and allied forces stationed on its territory. Since the conflict in Ukraine in 2014, Polish counterintelligence has noted a significant increase in the activity of Russian intelligence. In addition to classic intelligence activities, the Russians conduct covert actions. Their goal is to exacerbate historical controversies and create the image of Poland as a Russophobic state that is a firm opponent of the improvement of Russia’s relations with the West.

"Fine feathers make fine birds" - non-medical students' opinions on the dermatologists' image in Poland: a cross-sectional study.

IntroductionMedical professions are full of patterns and personal exemplars which determine norms of behaviour. Research works focused on the doctor’s image include not only perception of reality, but also patients’ subconscious expectations.AimTo get to know the students’ opinion on the image of dermatologists, to assess the public image of that profession and what factors have the biggest impact on that issue.Material and methodsThe study was conducted in a group of 1000 Polish, non-medical students (F = 817, M = 183) between 18 and 25 years old. The data were collected through an anonymous, author-designed, online questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent via Internet social media to students from 12 various non-medical fields of study.Results51.6% of interviewees considered this profession as moderately prestigious. Only 18.9% of the respondents saw the image of the dermatologist created by the media as adequately presented. There is a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0006) between the different age groups and the frequency of visits to the dermatologist. The median sum the respondents were able to pay for a specialist visit was 100 zloty (IQR: 70–150). The field of study (p = 0.002) and place of residence (p < 0.001) significantly influenced the amount they were able to spend.ConclusionsIn students’ opinion, factors such as medical experience and communication with the patient have the strongest influence on the image of this profession. The second strongest factor affecting the choice of a dermatologist is information acquired by word of mouth from other patients and family members, without any prior verification.

Polish Language Popularization in the World in the Context of National Branding at the End of the 20th – Beginning of the 21st Century

Relevance of the research topic, apart from a purely scientific interest, lies in the fact the issue of forming language-informational spaces has a great sociopolitical interest at the beginning of the third millennium. The purpose of the article is to study the policy of the Polish state aimed at Polish language popularization in the world at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century and broadening the borders of the Polish-speaking information space. The methodology of the research is based on the combination of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic, sociocultural) methods with the principles of historicity, systemic, scientific approach and verification. Starting positions for Polish language popularization were based on the belief that a language should perform not only communicative, but also a number of social functions – strengthen the feeling of unity and the significance of language bearers, spread a certain worldview, make the life of Poles abroad simpler. Language popularization provides invaluable help and support to national branding, which became a priority of the Polish government at the beginning of the 21st century. However, the situation that had formed in the course of historical development, rather hindered than facilitated the performance of the stated functions by the Polish language. Language popularization outside state borders required the improvement of the overall image of Poland and the Poles in the world as well as overcoming the stereotype about the complexity of the Polish language. To implement the language policy tasks, a number of institutions were established: Polish Language Council, Adam Mickiewicz Institute, Polish Institute, Polish Language Union outside the Country’s Borders. However, the most effective Polish language promotion policy turned out to be among Polonia and the Poles abroad and not among foreigners. Conclusions. At the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century the scientific and managerial circles of Poland realized the importance of language popularization in the world as an important component of national branding. However, institutional and financial support of Polish language popularization turned out to quite low. This undoubtedly hindered national branding as it did not allow to involve foreigners into the language-informational space and make involuntary “agent” of the Polish worldview.

Soft Power in the Priorities of Polish Diplomacy for 2019

Information of the Minister of Foreign Affairs on Polish Foreign Policy Tasks is an annual speech presenting the main line of action of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland. The aim of the article is to present the assumptions for 2019 through the prism of soft power. Attractiveness of culture and values offered by the state, being the fundamental attributes of soft power understood as the ability to create other preferences of people, which may influence the way institutions and even the international system function, are important factors forming foreign policy, although in the case of Poland this range is limited only to the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Since Jacek Czaputowicz was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, historical policy as well as greater involvement of the Polish community in building a positive image of Poland on the international arena have been included in this catalogue. The text consists of four main parts. The first one is a theoretical layer, which is an introduction to the soft power of the title. The next is the placement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the political scene and the presentation of the assumptions for 2018. The last one is devoted to soft power categories in the Information on the tasks of Polish foreign policy for 2019. It was divided into four smaller parts, each preceded by a theoretical introduction: norms and values; the importance of the historical factor in the creation of soft power; culture; diplomacy; the role of the Polish community in building the image of the Republic. Key words: foreign policy; Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs; soft power; diplomacy; culture; historical policy.

Image of Poland as perceived by German and British medical tourists

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify Poland’s image as a medical tourism destination (MTD).Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 282 German and British medical tourists, using a self-administered questionnaire. The Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing method was used to conduct the survey. Subsequently, the responses were analysed using advanced statistical tools (McNemar’s exact test, Cochran’s Q test and Chi-square test).FindingsBefore visiting Poland, the respondents perceived the country through the prism of medical attributes, whereas after the visit, they perceived it through the prism of non-medical attributes.Research limitations/implicationsIdentification of a set of MTD image characteristics has important implications for scholars, allowing them to understand attributes which shape projected and perceived MTD image. Such construct can also be a useful tool for marketing planners, destination managers and marketers to create an effective marketing policy and projected image of MTDs based on these features.Originality/valueThe study fills an important gap regarding the lack of conceptual and empirical content allowing for exploration of MTD image.

Obraz Polski wśród polskich Żydów w Izraelu. Narracje przedstawicieli aliji gomułkowskiej i emigracji pomarcowej

Doświadczenia żydowskich emigrantów z Polski po II wojnie światowej można przyporządkować odpowiednim falom migracyjnym, następującym po istotnych wydarzeniach historycznych. Przykładem tego jest alija gomułkowska z lat 1956–1960 oraz emigracja po wydarzeniach Marca 1968 r. Niniejszy tekst dotyczy narracji świadków historii – polskich Żydów, którzy opuści kraj w jednej z tych dwóch fal i osiadli na stałe w Izraelu. W oparciu o relacje historii mówionej odtwarzam ich trajektorie biograficzne, w tym punkty styczne narracji oraz stosunek rozmówców do Polski, wyrażający się w pamięci o „pierwszej ojczyźnie”, kulturowym zakorzenieniu oraz obecnej aktywności wobec Polski. Wynikające z narracji deklaracje uwypuklają dwoistość tożsamości świadków historii, ich identyfikacje z żydowskością oraz polskością. Natomiast obraz Polski, często sentymentalny i nostalgiczny, jest mocno zakorzeniony w doświadczeniach z okresu pobytu w kraju, zarówno tych pozytywnych (relacje międzyludzkie, miejsca), jak i negatywnych (antysemityzm). Wpływają na niego również współczesne wydarzenia oraz podróże do Polski.

Wizerunek Donalda Trumpa na polskojęzycznych profilach Twittera w dniu zwycięstwa w wyborach prezydenckich w USA

Artykuł zawiera analizę wizerunku Donalda Trumpa na polskojęzycznych profilach Twittera z dnia 8 i 9 listopada 2016 r. Cel: Zbadanie, jaki stosunek do zwycięstwa Donalda Trumpa w wyborach prezydenckich w Stanach Zjednoczonych mają polscy użytkownicy Twittera. Metody badań: Metoda analizy zawartości 3372 tweetów oraz metoda hermeneutyczna. Wyniki i wnioski: Debata na Twitterze przyczyniła się do wykreowania internetowego wizerunku Donalda Trumpa w Polsce. Znaczący wpływ na opinie użytkowników Twittera na temat Donalda Trumpa mieli dziennikarze i osoby publiczne. Wartość poznawcza: Są to badania wstępne mogące służyć do dalszych analiz wizerunku Donalda Trumpa w Polsce, sposobów jego kreowania oraz tego, czy i w jaki sposób ewoluował.