Illocutionary Act Research Articles

An Analysis of the Pragmatic Function of English Intonation Based on Speech Act Theory: Taking the Intonation of the Oracle in The Matrix as an Example

Intonation still finds itself one of the most difficult problems for many EFL learners. However, there are few pieces of literature that have explored the relationship between these two elements: illocutionary acts and intonation patterns. Therefore, this study attempts to do so, taking the intonation used in the character Oracle’s lines in the film The Matrix as an experimental database, and then summarizing and categorizing the intentions based on John Searle’s taxonomy of illocutionary acts. After analyzing 265 lines, four candidates were invited to label their own understanding of the illocutionary act of the character by perceiving the characters’ intonation. The chi-square results which show the similarity of their shared understanding turned out to be diverse, from which we concluded several kinds of causes with qualitative analysis: 1) different educational backgrounds; 2) the effectiveness of teaching intonation in China is not up to standard; 3) insufficient understanding of the movie context. Our research studies intonation from a different scope than the traditional top-down model, to provide a theoretical supplement to the intonation function research to some extent, and at the same time to provide English learners with some theoretical help for intonation learning and promote the improvement of their speaking.

The Assertive Illocutionary Act of Khatib' Islam Preacher’ in Friday Sermons in Baiturohim Mosque of Surakarta

This research reports on an assertive illocutionary act performed by khatib ‘Islam preacher’ in Friday sermons in Baiturohim Mosque of Surakarta. This qualitative research aims to elucidate utterance's form, function, and meaning in the assertive illocutionary act of khatibs in Friday sermons at the Baiturohim Mosque of Surakarta. This research scrutinized three khatibs and data on their utterance form, function, meaning and context in the Friday sermon through the pragmatic qualitative approach. The data were collected by natural observation using audio records. The results show that assertive acts represent the main performance, with 148 tokens of illocutionary acts and for 75 assertive illocution acts. The utterance forms of assertive illocutionary act found are performative and constative. It is found 21 utterance functions of assertive illocutionary act including: to state, to compare, to illustrate, to exemplify, to tell, to think, to assume, to explain, to inform, to doubt, to affirm, to judge, to criticize, to conclude, to emphasize, to remind, to analogize, to admit, to accuse, to quote, and to interpret. Every utterance function has a meaning that evokes a religious message: Islam. Suggestions are made to research the assertive illocutionary act of the religious speakers of Christian, Catholic, Hindu or Buddha in their religious sermons.

The Use of Illocutionary Acts as Persuasive Tools in the Slogans of Electronic Car Advertisements

The Use of Illocutionary Acts as Persuasive Tools in the Slogans of Electronic Car Advertisements

Pragmatics Analysis on Illocutionary Acts in Black Adam Movie

This research aims to analyze and describe the types of illocutionary act and the most dominant. The method used in this research is qualitative and descriptive method. The data used were taken from Black Adam movie released in 2022. This is a research about pragmatics study. The theoretical basis used in identifying types of illocutionary act is Searle in Hariati (2020). The result of this study show that there are five types of illocutionary act, they are assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. The result showed that out of 115 data that have been analyzed, the illocutionary acts types were obtained namely 41 data assertive act or 35%, 33 data directive act or 29%, 17 data commissive act or 15%, 16 data expressive act or 14%, and 8 data declarative act or 7%. The most illocutionary act that occur is assertive act.

Illocutionary Acts Found in the Summer I Turned Pretty Film

This study aimed to analyze the type of speech acts and the classification This text discusses the importance of language as a system of communication between speakers and listeners, and how language is used to convey feelings or share information through speech acts. illocutionary acts refer to the intended meaning of a statement. It is an example of a form of speech act that has been culturally defined and is distinguished by a distinctive illocutionary force. For instance, making promises, giving advice, and making threats are all instances of illocutionary activities. Speech acts theory looks at the pragmatic function of utterances.The theory is premised on the belief that language is used to perform actions. Films are cultural products produced by certain cultures that help individuals of various languages and cultures to communicate with one another. The text presents a literature review that discusses the different types of illocutionary acts and how they are used in human communication. Finally, the text presents the research methodology, findings, and discussion of a study that analyzes the types of illocutionary acts used in the conversations of season 2 of "The Summer I Turned Pretty." The study uses a qualitative method to analyze the data and identifies representative and directive illocutionary acts in the conversations. Overall, the text provides an overview of the importance of language and speech acts in human communication, and how they are studied in the field of pragmatics.

Analysis of Expressive Illocutionary Act Found in Night School Movie

Abstract Language is an important aspect of communication that is used to interact, speak, and express feelings. Expressive speech acts are typically the facets of speech acts commonly employed in communication. This study examines the significance of expressive illocutionary acts in human communication, focusing specifically on the Night School movie. This study applies a qualitative descriptive approach. In this study, the concept of expressive illocutionary acts proposed by Searle (1979) is used as a theoretical framework that guides the investigations carried out. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the various expressive illocutionary acts performed by the characters in the Night School movie. The findings reveal six types of expressive illocutionary acts: thanking, apologizing, congratulating, wishing, attitude, and greeting. Through the application of pragmatics, the study offers insights into the interpretation and understanding of the communicative events within the film, highlighting the importance of expressive illocutionary acts in conveying emotions and shaping interpersonal dynamics. This research contributes to the broader field of pragmatics and provides a framework for analyzing expressive illocutionary acts in film. Keywords: pragmatics, expressive illocutionary act, night school movie

Convincing in Pragma-Dialectics: A Critical Reassessment

AbstractWhat does it mean to convince? In the pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation, convincing is done by arguments. The perlocutionary act of convincing is fundamentally related to the illocutionary act of arguing. I propose a critical reassessment of this relationship. The arguing-convincing pair presents conceptual difficulties, I argue, both in the pragmatic description based on felicity conditions and in the dialectical one based on intersubjective procedures. To tackle these problems, I develop a proposal that takes the speakers’ non-verbal interaction with evidence, as opposed to their verbal interaction with one another, as the basis for understanding the resolution of differences of opinion. The proposal is compatible with the pragma-dialectical theory, provided some methodological adjustments are conceded.

Illocutionary Acts in a Letter to Europe from a Palestinian

<p><em>Open letter is a letter directed for a person which generally can be read by many people. One of the example of open letter is A Letter to Europe from a Palestinian which is written by Majed Abusalama and this letter was published on 18 October 2023 by Al Jazeera. The open letter contained sentences that came from Abusalama views and experiences that are related to Palestine. Therefore, the resercher decided to used A Letter to European from a Palestinian as an object research to find out the illocutionary acts in the open letter. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive in order to explore and explain the research data desciptively. The result showed that the open letter had four types of illocutionary acts which include 7 representatives, 7 directives, 9 expressives and 1 commissives. First, the function of representative is for stating. Second, directive had variety of functions such as requesting, advising and inviting. Third, expressive represented the meaning of disappointment, griefing and deploring. Fourth, commissive had a function of promising.</em></p>

A DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT IN THE BLIND SIDE MOVIE BY JOHN LEE HANCOCK

A speech act is an act performed by saying something. This study aims : 1) to find_out_thetypes of locutionary act, 2) to find out the types of perlocutionary act, and 3) to find out thetypes of illocutionary act in The Blind Side movie by John Lee Hancock. Moreover, this studyconcerned on the use of directive speech act. The researcher used qualitative method with thetype of a library research to describe and analyze the utterances that consisted of speech act.The method of collecting data is non-participant observation and documentation. Interactivemodel data of analysis used to analyze the data. The result of this study showed that : 1) therewere 227 utterances consisted of locutionary act which had no types, 2) there are 227utterances consisted of perlocutionary act which had no types and 3) there are 227 utterancesconsisted of illocutionary act which included asserives, declaratives, commisives, expressivesand declaratives. Furthermore, the writer found 131 utterances consisted of directive speechact which had 31 of requirements, 64 of questions, 20 of requestives, 6 of prohibitives, 3 ofpermissives and 7 of advisories. From the result of this research, the questions types inDirective Speech Act was the most dominant used by major and minor character as thespeakers.Keywords : Locutionary Acts, Perlocutionary Acts, Illocutionary Acts, DirectiveSpeech Act, A Qualitative Research

The analysis of illocutionary act in “big four movie”

The analysis of illocutionary act in “big four movie”

The Analysis of President Biden's Twitter Account's Representative Illocutionary Act

Representative illocutionary acts are speech acts that convey truth values based on the actual meaning of the spoken or written utterances. This research aims to identify the types and purposes of representative illocutionary acts contained in President Biden's Twitter account. The present research is grounded in John R. Searle's theory, which posits that a representative illocutionary act refers to a statement made by a speaker that is believed to be either true or untrue, depending on a prior event witnessed by the speaker. This study employs a qualitative research methodology. The subject of investigation in this research consists of President Biden's tweets, which are utilized as the primary data source. The statements are classified and examined based on the categories of representative illocutionary acts and their roles. The research findings identify various types of representative illocutionary acts that serve distinct roles based on their respective types. The act of recommending, as a typical illocutionary act, holds a significant impact due to Joe Biden's position as the president of a mighty nation. As the leader of a country with substantial capital, advanced industry, and a formidable military, Biden wields considerable global influence. Hence, the tweets of President Biden are not only monitored by American citizens but also by global citizens. Furthermore, President Biden's statements are currently a prominent global concern. President Biden frequently offers recommendations to the citizenry, who are an audience impacted by various issues or challenges, to resolve them.Keywords: Illocutionary Act; President Biden; Representative Act; Twitter Account.

Directive Illocutionary Act Found in The Commuter Film

The study aimed to analyze the type of directive illocutionary act spoken by all characters in the commuter film. The theory of Searle and Vanderveken (1985) on the type of directive illocutionary act is used in analyzing data findings. Halliday's theory (1985) of context of situation also supports the analysis in this study. Data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. There are 91 utterance of directive illocutionary act found in the movie. The most dominant type is commanding act with 44 data (49%) occurrences followed by asking act with 30 data (33%) occurrences. The last type is ordering act with 17 data (18%) occurrences. The movie that used as the data source is a thriller-themed movie about the main actor who works on a mission given by someone. Thus, this movie contained many types of command, ask and order act.

Directive vs. Commissive Illocutionary Acts?

Governments sometimes release information implicitly, and citizens have to understand their illocutionary acts. The present study examines when and how illocutionary acts encourage citizens to disseminate government information. Based on the Speech Act Theory, Study 1 demonstrates that commissive illocutionary acts make citizens in a low-power distance culture more likely to disseminate information. In contrast, directive illocutionary acts make citizens in a high-power distance culture more likely to disseminate information. Study 2 confirms the underlying mechanism of perceived social exchange relationship by looking at the interaction effects between illocutionary acts and power distance perception in a single cultural setting. By crawling 10,000 government microblogs, Study 3 provides objective evidence for the interaction between illocutionary acts and power distance perception on citizens dissemination behavior of information. Finally, we discuss theoretical implications for government information dissemination, managerial implications, and future research directions.

Examining The Illocutionary Acts in The Paddington Movie and Their Influence on Cultivating The Profile of Pancasila Students

The use of speech acts is an integral part of everyday conversation, representing actions rather than mere statements about objects. The relationship between speech acts and a speaker's character is closely intertwined, as one's character influences the type and manner of speech used. In Indonesia, the government emphasizes character development, evident in the Minister of Education and Culture's initiative, the Pancasila Student Profile, aimed at shaping Indonesian students' characters. This study focuses on analyzing speech acts, particularly Illocutionary speech acts within the Paddington Movie, and their role in cultivating the Pancasila Student Profile. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this research relies on George Yule's and John R. Searle's theories on speech acts. Data collection involves documenting instances from the "Paddington" movie. Results indicate the identification of five types of Illocutionary speech acts in the film: assertive (24%), directives (39.6%), commissive (5.6%), expressive (28%), and declaratives (1.8%). Moreover, the analysis reveals expressions in the script that align with the values encapsulated in the Pancasila Student Profile. Overall, the Illocutionary speech acts throughout the Paddington movie contribute to the construction of the Pancasila Student Profile through various utterances.

‘Austin vs. Searle on locutionary and illocutionary acts'

ABSTRACT The central pillar of Austin’s theory of speech acts is the three-way distinction between locutionary acts like saying, illocutionary acts like asserting, and perlocutionary acts like persuading [Austin, J. L. 1962. How To Do Things With Words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press] (VIII–IX). While the latter distinction has been widely accepted, the former distinction has been frequently rejected due to Searle’s objections, who argued that since Austin’s locutionary acts are supposed to be forceful in the sense contrasting with neutral expression of a content and all force is by Austin’s own definition illocutionary, the notion of a locutionary act collapses into that of an illocutionary act [Searle, J. 1968. “Austin on Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts.” The Philosophical Review 77 (4):405–424. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183008]. In this paper, I provide an interpretation of Austin’s distinction between locutionary and illocutionary acts and defend it against Searle’s objections. I argue that Searle’s main objection relies on mistakenly running together two notions of ‘force’: the notion of representational force as presentation-as-true and the Austinian notion of illocutionary force as the social-communicative significance of the speech act. Once we distinguish these we can see that although Searle is correct that Austin’s locutionary acts are forceful in the former sense, he’s mistaken in thinking that such force is illocutionary. Given this, his objection that locutionary acts collapse into illocutionary acts misses its mark.

What Is a serious discourse?

Serious discourse is regularly opposed to fictional discourse. But what is serious discourse? Fictional discourse is ubiquitous and raises challenging questions to philosophical semantics. How to define serious discourse in a non-circular way? I use action theory and speech acts theory to propose an analysis of what a serious discourse is. The notion of expectation is central, as well as that of satisfaction: in serious discourse, we expect the satisfaction of illocutionary act and of perlocutionary plans.

A PRAGMATIC STUDY: ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN "YOWES BEN 2" MOVIE

This study explores speech acts as pragmatic studies in the film "Yowes Ben 2". The researcher will investigate the many forms of speech acts and classify them focusing on the illocutionary categories employed in the film. This study follows John Rogers Searle's (1975) illocutionary action theory, which is assertive (the speaker's confidence in something), directive (something the listener should do), commissive (commitment to do something), expressive (expression of an attitude or feeling), and declarative (making changes such as pointing, stating, etc.)The research design implemented in this study is qualitative. Researchers gathered information by screening the film "Yowes Ben 2" and analyzing the different forms of speaking acts. Researchers employed content analysis to analyze their data. The steps in data analysis are as follows: the researcher will identify, analyze, interpret, and draw conclusions. In accordance to the data, expressive speech acts account for the greatest number of illocutionary acts (56%). Directive speech accounted for 38%, commissive speech 3%, representational speech 0%, and declarative speech 3%.

Los títulos de los clickbait en las redes sociales desde la teoría de los actos de habla

The article analyzed the originality of the titles in clickbait videos that appear unexpectedly on the pages of the main virtualized social networks of Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, etc. The purpose of the study was to analyze clickbait headlines as directive illocutionary acts on clickbait video material that appeared on virtualized social networks. The research methodology was qualitative, discourse analysis, which aimed to identify the meanings of the clickbait headlines as significant elements of the media text, and communicative-pragmatic analysis, which consists of determining the illocutionary force of the directives. The results show that the communicative success of clickbait headlines depends on the recipient’s level of knowledge of the information, which correlates with the perceiver’s degree of curiosity. Research in the media space shows that the recipient avoids excessive cognitive effort so they seek to evade clickbait headlines. The study concluded by stating that clickbait headlines allow them to be classified as a directive illocutionary act, since they deliberately obscure the nominative function itself and advance the advertising function to particularly influence the behavior of the recipient of the information.

Enhancing English as a Foreign Language Teacher's Understanding on Illocutionary Acts

This content analysis delves into the exploration of types and functions of illocutionary acts within a video podcast of Najwa Shihab. For the sake of a comprehensive analysis, rigorous transcription procedures were utilized. The result revealed that there were five illocutionary acts namely: 1) representative (21 items)—conveying information, 2) directive (39 items)—eliciting specific responses, 3) commissive (5 items)—indicating willingness or obligation, 4) expressive (4 items)—showing reactions, and 5) declarative (0 items). Thus, the types and functions of illocutionary acts have the potential to effectively and strategically interact with interlocutors. The study provides insight into managing interaction with students.

Types of Directive Illocutionary Acts in Barbie Movie

Types of Directive Illocutionary Acts in Barbie Movie