Illegitimate Homonym Research Articles

Revisiting the infrageneric classification of Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae): an updated sectional name and new, legitimate names in Garcinia for Allanblackiagabonensis (Pellegr.) Bamps and A.parviflora A.Chev.

In a recent publication dealing with the sectional-level taxonomy of Garcinia, an illegitimate superfluous sectional name and two illegitimate homonyms were published. Herein we choose a legitimate sectional name, GarciniasectionRheediopsis Pierre, for the superfluous name GarciniasectionRheedia (L.) S.W.Jones ex P.W.Sweeney; and create two new legitimate names in Garcinia for Allanblackiagabonensis (Pellegr.) Bamps and A.parviflora A.Chev.

Nomenclatural comments on the alliance Pino sibiricae-Laricion sibiricae

The name Pino sibiricae-Laricion sibiricae was introduced in 1988 by Dostálek et al. and then again in 2004 by Ermakov. Further, the latter name, despite of homonymy, has been accepted in several Russian literature sources on the basis of a misapplication of ICPN Art. 37. The validity and legitimacy of the name introduced by Dostálek et al. are discussed and clarified, whereas Ermakov’s illegitimate homonym must be rejected according to Art. 31. Taxonomic reference: Catalogue of Life Checklist, Version COL23.5 (https://doi.org/10.48580/dfs6) [accessed 16 November 2023]. Abbreviations: ICPN = International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Theurillat et al. 2021).

The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×kewensis [K. bentii × K. glaucescens] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a nothospecies produced at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the early 1900s

The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×kewensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) [hybrid formula: K. bentii × K. glaucescens], an old but widely available hybrid artificially produced at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the early 1900s, are discussed and clarified. The two independently validly published names K. ×kewensis Watson and K. ×kewensis N.E.Br. are neotypified and lectotypified, respectively, to make the latter an illegitimate homonym of the former. An amplified description is provided for the nothospecies, and it is illustrated.

Rubus sellii, a new name for R. rubicundiflorus (Rosaceae)

A new name, Rubus sellii M. Idrees & J.M.H. Shaw, is proposed to replace R. rubicundiflorus P.D. Sell (Rosaceae), which is an illegitimate later homonym of R. × rubicundiflorus Sudre.

A revision of Dryopteris sect. Diclisodon (Dryopteridaceae) based on morphological and molecular evidence with description of a new species

Dryopteris sect. Diclisodon is a small section of ferns with about 12 species mainly distributed in East Asia. Here, we carried out morphological and phylogenetic analyses of this section. A new species from southwest China, D. gaoligongensis, is described and illustrated. Dryopteris gaoligongensis resembles D. indonesiana and D. sparsa, but differs by having a creeping rhizome and large 4-pinnate fronds. We also show that D. glabrior Ching & Z.Y. Liu is a distinct species; however, because it is a later homonym of D. glabrior Copel., it should be renamed D. renchangiana. We conclude that a species previously known as D. nitidula, also an illegitimate homonym, should be recognized with a new name, D. sinonepalensis. We resolve the phylogenetic position of D. yoroii as sister to other sampled species of D. sect. Diclisodon. Our phylogenetic analyses confirm the distinctiveness of D. gaoligongensis, D. renchangiana, and D. sinonepalensis. A key to species of D. sect. Diclisodon in China is provided.

A New Name for Pterostylis polyphylla (Orchidaceae)

A new name, Pterostylis neopolyphylla M. Idrees & J. M. H. Shaw (Orchidaceae), is proposed as a replacement name for Diplodium polyphyllum D. L. Jones & C. J. French because the previously published name for this taxon in Pterostylis R. Br., P. polyphylla (D. L. Jones & C. J. French) D. L. Jones & C. J. French, is an illegitimate later homonym of P. polyphylla Colenso.

Andicolea, a replacement name for Loricaria (Compositae, Gnaphaliinae)

Loricaria Wedd. (Asteraceae), is an illegitimate homonym of Loricaria J.V. Lamour., currently considered a synonym of Himanthalia Gray (Himanthaliaceae, Phaeophyta). Consequently, the replacement name, Andicolea, is proposed.

<strong>New names in <em>Pittosporum</em>, extant and fossil (<em>Pittosporaceae</em>)</strong>

The nomenclature of some homonyms of Pittosporum is resolved. Fossil Pittosporum elegans (Ettingshausen) W.R.B. Oliver, being an illegitimate later homonym of extant Pittosporum elegans Raoul, is re-named R. ettingshausenii nom. nov. Pittosporum pulchrum Gagnepain (extant) is replaced by a new name P. gagnepainii nom. nov., because of the earlier homonym, Pittosporum pulchrum Saporta (fossil). Pittosporum pulchrum Gagnepain and Pittosporum pulchrum Saporta are both lectotypified for the first time. Fossil Pittosporum beringianum is excluded from Pittosporum on the basis of differences in leaf morphology and segregated in the distinct fossil-genus Xenopanax gen. nov.

<p><strong>A new name for extant <em>Potamogeton × mirabilis</em> (Potamogetonaceae)</strong></p>

The genus Potamogeton Linnaeus (1753: 126) is commonly called as pond weeds and they are the largest genera in the family Potamogetonaceae with about 88 species (POWO 2021). Furthermore the genus is noted for its high phenotypic plasticity and frequent hybridization that prompts impressive challenges in the delimitation and identification of species (Kaplan et al. 2009, 2013). A few instances of the homonymy among living and fossil monocots have been as of late settled by various workers (Turner 2014, Doweld 2016, 2018, Govaerts 2018, Kottaimuthu & Basu 2020). Recently we found that the extant hybrid Potamogeton × mirabilis Kaplan et al. (2009: 630) is an illegitimate later homonym according to Art.53.1. of ICN (Turland et al. 2018) because the name was already used by Kutuzkina (1957) to a fossil-species from Kyrgyzstan (formerly USSR). Hence a new replacement name is proposed for this nothospecies.

<p><strong>A new name for <em>Euphorbia linguiformis </em>Hett., Haev. & Spannring (Euphorbiaceae)</strong></p>

The species Euphorbia linguiformis Hetterscheid, Haevermans & Spannring (2021: 16) has been named erroneously in a recent publication (Haevermans & Hetterscheid 2021) on Euphorbia Linnaeus (1753: 450), not realising that this epithet was already in use for another taxon, Euphorbia linguiformis McVaugh (1961: 184), making our new species an illegitimate later homonym (ICN Art. 53.1, Turland et al. 2018). We therefore propose a new name for our taxon here

<p><strong>A new name for <em>Justicia reticulata</em> Benoist (Acanthaceae)</strong></p>

Justicieae is the largest tribe in the family Acanthaceae, notable for its amazing morphological diversity with about 2000 species (Kiel et al. 2017). Among the tribe Justicieae, Justicia Linnaeus (1753: 15) is the most speciose genus with about 935 accepted species (POWO 2021, Tong & Deng 2021). Justicia reticulata Benoist (1946: 146) was described based on the gathering of Perrier from Madagascar. But according to Art.53.1 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018), Benoist’s name is an illegitimate later homonym of J. reticulata Vahl (1804: 157) unfortunately till now this was unnoticed. Therefore, a new name is proposed here for the Malagasy species.

Neillia pendryi (Rosaceae): A New Name for N. velutina

A new name, Neillia pendryi Idrees, is proposed as a replacement name for N. velutina Pendry (Rosaceae), which was discovered to be an illegitimate later homonym of N. velutina Bureau & Franch.

<strong>New names in living <em>Ocotea</em> Aubl. (Lauraceae) and a remark on <em>Litsea cuneata</em></strong>

In the present communication, after checking fossil plant names in the International Fossil Plant Names Index (IFPNI 2014–onwards), the homonymy of two fossil and extant species names of Ocotea Aublet (1775: 780) has been detected and resolved. Ocotea alata van der Werff (1991: 416) (extant) is replaced by a new name O. loretensis nom. nov., because of the earlier homonym O. alata Givulescu (1975: 173) (fossil leaves), according to Article 53.1 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018). Similarly, O. morona-santiagoensis nom. nov. is proposed to replace the later illegitimate homonym O. pilosa van der Werff (2020: 220) (extant) non O. pilosa Givulescu (1975: 172) (fossil leaves). An additional homonym was found in extant Litsea Lamarck (1792: 574) that is preoccupied by a fossil. However, since it is currently recognized as a taxonomic synonym of Litsea tomentosa Blume (1826: 566), there is no need to create a nomen novum for it.

Elatostema chinense, a new name for Elatostema longipedunculatum (W.T.Wang) Y.H.Tseng & A.K.Monro (Urticaceae)

A new name, Elatostema chinense, is proposed as a replacement name for E. longipedunculatum (W.T.Wang) Y.H.Tseng & A.K.Monro, an illegitimate later homonym of E. longipedunculatum Elmer.

Avances en la nomenclatura de la flora del Cono Sur: Ranunculus grisebachii (Ranunculaceae), un nombre de reemplazo para Ranunculus sarmentosus

In the framework of the continuous updating of the relational database “Documenta Florae Australis”, a new name is proposed here, Ranunculus grisebachii, to replace the illegitimate homonym Ranunculus sarmentosus published by Grisebach in 1879.

Pedicularis hongii Kottaim., a New Name for P. multicaulis W.B. Yu, H. Wang & D.Z. Li (Orobanchaceae)

According to Art. 53.1 of ICN, the recently published Pedicularis multicaulis W.B. Yu, H. Wang & D.Z. Li (Orobanchaceae) is an illegitimate later homonym of P. multicaulis Bonati and hence P. hongii Kottaim. is proposed as a replacement name.

A New Name for Extant Asplenium foersteri (Aspleniaceae)

The replacement name Asplenium hovenkampi Kottaim. is proposed for the New Guinean spleenwort A. foersteri Rosenst., because the latter name is an illegitimate later homonym of a fossil species described from Germany in 1859.

<p><strong><em>Styrax carranzae</em></strong><strong>, a new name for extant Styrax lanceolatus P.W. Fritsch non Engelhardt (Styracaceae)</strong></p>

In revising fossil records of the genus Styrax Linnaeus (1753: 444) for the International Fossil Plant Names Index (IFPNI, 2014 onwards) with the aim of listing all fossil plant species (Doweld 2015, 2016a), it became apparent that a few fossil-species are later illegitimate homonyms of the extant species of Styrax, and their nomenclature was recently resolved by proposing new replacement names for them (Doweld 2016b). However, an additional case of the homonymy of an extant species by a preoccupied name in fossils remained unsettled.

Berberis yingjunshengii, a New Name for B. yingii (Berberidaceae)

A new name, Berberis yingjunshengii Harber, is proposed to replace B. yingii Harber (Berberidaceae), which was discovered to be an illegitimate later homonym of B. yingii Doweld.

<p><strong><em>Strobilanthes mcgregorii</em>, a replacement name for<em> S. medocris </em>(Bremek.) Y.F. Deng (Acanthaceae)</strong></p>

When transferred Hemigraphis mediocris Bremekamp (1944: 107) to the genus Strobilanthes Blume (1826: 781, 796), I (Deng 2019) overlooked that the name Strobilanthes mediocris Benoist (1945: 8) has been used for another Malagasy species. According to the Art. 53.1 of International Code of Nomenclatural for Algae, Fungi and Plants (Shenzhen Code) (Turland et al. 2018), the name S. mediocris (Bremek.) Y.F. Deng is therefore a later illegitimate homonym and a replacement name is thus proposed below.