Illegal Logging Activities Research Articles

Factors Behind Cessation of Illegal Logging by Local Communities for Valuable Timber-producing Endemic Species, Hopea celebica

Hopea celebica is a species of Dipterocarpaceae that produces strong and durable wood. This species is endemic to Sulawesi Island, where its spread is restricted to specific habitat types in the southern part of the island. The high quality of the wood has exposed this species to high levels of illegal logging and is endangered. However, in the last two decades, the threat of logging to this tree species has ceased to occur. Through field surveys and interviewing of respondents in 6 small FGDs, this study aims to determine the factors behind the cessation of illegal logging activities. We found that this species has good regeneration ability and identified 3 leading causes of stopping illegal logging of H. celebica: restricting its habitat to the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, the change in cultural interest from building houses on stilts to concrete houses, and the shift in the lifestyle of young generation who are no longer interested in working as woodcutters. Thus, the cessation of illegal logging of H. celebica is not due to the correct public perception of the importance of conserving H. celebica to increase its population so that it can be used sustainably in the future. The Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park still needs to make people aware of the importance of H. celebica conservation.

IMPLEMENTASI PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA ILLEGAL LOGGING DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN TOJO UNA UNA

Deforestation is a phenomenon that needs to be addressed seriously to preserve the environment. One of the causes of deforestation is illegal logging activities in forest areas. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of illegal logging, analyze the law enforcement process against illegal logging perpetrators and analyse obstacles in the implementation of law enforcement against illegal logging in Tojo Una-Una Regency. The research method uses empirical juridical research by using a conceptual approach and a case approach. This research concludes that the investigation of the crime of illegal logging in the Tojo Una-Una Regency area is carried out by Investigators at the Tojo Una-Una Police Station and Civil Servant Investigators of the Sulawesi Regional Environmental and Forestry Law Enforcement and Security Centre and obstacles in the implementation of law enforcement come from technical obstacles such as the difficulty of the terrain that must be traversed to reach the forest area, lack of facilities and infrastructure and lack of personnel at Tojo Una-Una Police Station and investigators of the Sulawesi Regional Environmental and Forestry Law Enforcement and Security Centre to carry out law enforcement duties against illegal logging crimes, as well as obstacles originating from the rule of law or legal substance, especially after the enactment of the Job Creation law.

Peran Polisi Kehutanan Dalam Menanggulani Kegiatan Illegal Logging Di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo

Alas Purwo National Park has a variety of potential unique biodiversity and ecosystems, making it important in creating a sustainable relationship with the environment. Threats to the sustainability of conservation areas, one of which comes from illegal logging activities that have been categorized as extraordinary crimes. This article aims to answer problems related to illegal logging, the role of the Forestry Police and its obstacles in tackling illegal logging activities in Alas Purwo National Park. This research uses a qualitative approach in the form of a case study. Data collection methods by observation, in-depth interviews, documentation. Data analysis using interactive models, including the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions.Various efforts have been made by the Forestry Police to tackle illegal logging activities, but there are still obstacles on the ground. Therefore, this article is expected to be a contribution of thought for policy makers, both at the regional and central levels.

Effects of chainsaw noise on the activity budgets and calling behaviour of the northern yellow‐cheeked crested gibbon (Nomascus annamensis)

Wild animals are increasingly subjected to noisier environments as the scale and scope of human activities, such as development and resource extraction, encroach into their habitats. Anthropogenic noise alters the behaviour and vocalisations of wild animals including primates, yet our understanding of how noise affects small apes is limited. The large population of endangered northern yellow‐cheeked crested gibbons (Nomascus annamensis) inhabiting Veun Sai‐Siem Pang National Park (VSSP), in northeastern Cambodia, is frequently exposed to noise produced from illegal selective logging activities within the park. To determine the impacts of chainsaw noise on the gibbons' activity budgets and calling probability, we collected behavioural data on the only habituated gibbon group in VSSP during two consecutive dry seasons between 2017 and 2019. Our analyses of scan and focal‐animal samples revealed that when chainsaws were active, the group rested more and scanned less. The gibbons called more on mornings when there was no chainsaw activity; however, the trend was non‐significant. These findings suggest that despite long‐term exposure, chainsaw noise variably impacts important aspects of gibbon behaviour.

War and Deforestation: Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning to Identify the War-Induced Deforestation in Syria 2010–2019

Armed conflicts and other types of violence are key drivers of human-induced landscape change. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in a prolonged and devastating armed conflict causing immense human suffering and extensive destruction. As a result, over five million people have been forced to seek refuge outside the country’s borders, while more than six million have been internally displaced. This study focuses on examining the impact of this conflict on forest cover by identifying the drivers of forest change. To assess this change, Landsat and PALSAR imagery were used to differentiate between forested and non-forested areas. Spectral information was synthetized using the Tasseled Cap transformation and the time series data was simplified and despiked using the LandTrendr algorithm. Our results show that between 2010 and 2019 there was a substantial decrease of 19.3% in forest cover, predominantly concentrated in the northwestern region of Syria. This decline was induced by the armed conflict, with several key drivers contributing to the decline, such as illegal logging activities conducted by both locals and refugees living in nearby forest areas. Drivers such as proximity to refugee camps, roads, and settlements played an important role in producing this change by facilitating access to forests. In addition, the occurrence of explosive events such as bombings and shelling near forests also contributed to this decline by causing forest fires. To mitigate further deforestation and reduce dependence on forests for fuel, it is crucial for local governments in the post-conflict period to offer sustainable alternatives for heating and cooking to both the local populations and refugees. Additionally, governments are recommended to enforce strict laws and regulations to protect forests and combat illegal logging activities. These measures are essential for preserving and restoring forests, promoting environmental sustainability, and ensuring the well-being of both displaced populations and local communities.

DETECTION OF CHANGES IN FOREST MANAGEMENT USING THE ALLOCATIONS IN GOOGLE EARTH PRO

This abstract provides an overview of the use of Google Earth Pro for understanding forestry changes. It outlines the steps involved in using the highlighting feature of Google Earth Pro to monitor changes in the forest, including selecting the study area, choosing the satellite images, and analyzing the changes. The abstract also discusses the potential applications of this tool in forest management and conservation, such as identifying areas of forest degradation, tracking illegal logging activities, and evaluating the effectiveness of reforestation efforts.

Role of the Orangutan Information Centre in Orangutan Conservation in Gunung Leuser National Park Through the Collaborative Management Plan-Small Grants Program

The habitat of the Sumatran orangutan in the Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) area is under threat, due to illegal logging activities, construction of facilities and infrastructure, and encroachment on boundaries. In an effort to overcome this problem, the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB) in collaboration with the Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau (Kfw) created the Small Grants Program (SGP). SGP aims to support the efforts of the ASEAN Heritage Park (AHP) in protecting biodiversity, one of which is the orangutan. TNGL as AHP has been selected to run SGP in Indonesia and the Orangutan Information Centre (OIC) has been selected as a partner to run the SGP cycle one and cycle two at TNGL. OIC as a non-governmental organization (NGO) is taking part in orangutan conservation efforts in Gunung Leuser National Park through the Small Grants Program of the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity. The research method used is qualitative using descriptive analysis research types and utilizing interview data with the Orangutan Information Center and observations of the Gunung Leuser National Park. The concept of the role of non-governmental organizations according to Lewis and Kanji is used to answer the research problem formulation. In the SGP ACB project, OIC plays the role of implementer by carrying out activities, namely restoring the Induk Barak area, compiling technical guidelines for orangutan protection and mitigation strategies on the Karo Langkat road, conducting surveys of orangutan population density on the Karo Langkat road and Halaban restoration. As a catalyst OIC carried out activities namely facilitating restoration training for the Barak Induk community group, advocating for the government for the protection and mitigation of orangutans on the Karo Langkat road, conducting permaculture activities in (Halaban village, Telagah village and Bukit Mas village). As a partnership, OIC carries out activities, namely working with the Barak Induk community to restore the Barak Induk area, working with the government to conduct a population density survey of orangutans on the Karo Langkat and Halaban roads.

The Implementation of Anti-Illegal Logging Law in Eastern Visayas: An Assessment

Illegal logging contributes to conflicts with the local populations, political violence, funding armed conflicts, and worsening poverty. The main objective of this study was to determine the extent of the implementation of anti-illegal logging law in Eastern Visayas. Also, it aimed to identify the actions of the implementing agencies to the illegal logging activities and reasons why it persists. Purposive sampling was utilized to identify the eighteen forest protection officers from PENRO and CENRO of DENR and fifty-one police personnel in selected police stations. An explanatory sequential mixed method was employed in this study, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The findings revealed that forest law enforcers implemented the anti-illegal logging law in Eastern Visayas. The study further revealed no significant difference in the perception of the forest protection officers and the police respondents regarding the implementation of anti-illegal logging law. The actions taken by the implementing agencies were in coordination with other implementing agencies, anti-illegal logging operations conducted, apprehension, confiscation of logs, wood, chainsaws, and conveyances, and appropriate charges filed towards timber poachers The reasons why the problems persist were the lack of livelihood programs, timber poaching as a regular occupation, economic and political factors, minimal penalties, inadequate manpower, and noncooperation of the community. Thus, the anti-illegal logging law should be further carried out to protect the forest and the people’s general safety. Keywords: Criminology, Anti-illegal logging law, mixed methods, Philippines

PENEGAKAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMBANGUNAN YANG BERKELANJUTAN

The environment is a part that is tied to human life, the environment contains animal habitats and biodiversity in it, if the environment is damaged it will damage animal habitats and biodiversity around it so that in the end it will lead to the extinction of animals and biodiversity. Illegal logging results in direct or indirect changes to the physical properties and damage to sources of environmental biodiversity, resulting in environmental damage. The problem approach that will be used in this study is the normative juridical approach and the empirical approach. Law enforcement regarding environmental laws as an effort for sustainable development must be strictly implemented, especially in the case of illegal logging. The regulations governing this matter are with the promulgation of Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry which repeals the enactment of Law Number 5 of 1967. Then it was changed to Law Number 19 of 2004 concerning the Establishment of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law No.1 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry. In addition, the government has also enacted Law Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Damage. Law enforcement is very important, therefore it is hoped that law officials in reducing cases of illegal logging may be able to socialize about environmental damage if logging is illegal if it is carried out continuously to the community, or put up banners regarding prohibitions and sanctions obtained from illegal logging activities. As well as to the community is expected to be able to understand and understand the importance of the environment, let's protect the environment in order to achieve sustainable environmental development. Keywords: Environment, Logging, Law Enforcement.

Discovering the socio-economic migrant performance on illegal logging activities for deforestation problem solving in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera (case study of Sungai Buring traditional village)

It is often excluded from the handling of illegal logging and deforestation is the release of the socio-economic aspects in problem solving deforestation and forestry development. The purpose of this study was to: 1. Identify the socio-economic characteristics of the migrant who become illegal loggers, 2. Analyze the amount of illegal loggers' income and its allocation to the consumption, and 3. Develop a strategy to overcome illegal logging and forest deforestation based on the socio-economic characteristics of the logger. The analysis showed that socio-economic conditions of the migrant who become illegal loggers illustrates that they are still a low level of education and have productive age. Income earned Rp 4,301,211.00/year/family, lower than the income of Rp 33,070,945.00/year/family after migrating. Income get from illegal logging are Rp 13.087.945/year/family. Average migrant allocates 60.81 % of its total income for consumption, and the remaining 39.19 % is allocated to farming and non-farming activities. This study suggests that there should be an increase in revenue breakthrough in the area of origin to be able to suppress the migration process becomes illegal loggers to other areas. Low income is the core problem of farmers to migrate. Required two basic designs: (1) social engineering with community and (2) technical engineering in the direction of the multiproduct and multifunctional forest benefits to overcome the problems of forestry in the long run.

THE ROLE OF INVESTIGATORS CIVIL SERVANTS OF NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ACTIVITIES OF ILLEGAL LOGGING CRIMINAL ACTIONS

Illegal logging activities or illegal/illegal logging activities are illegal logging activities by violating laws and regulations that have been going on for a long time in Indonesia, especially in North Sumatra Province. The purpose of this research is to find out the process of investigating civil servant investigators (PPNS) in the context of taking action against perpetrators of illegal logging in North Sumatra and to find out what obstacles are faced by investigators of civil servants (PPNS) in the context of investigating perpetrators of criminal acts. illegal logging crime. This research was carried out by direct researchers in the field with literature studies, namely by conducting searches of books, and literature and also conducting direct interviews with related parties, Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS). Based on the research conducted by the authors, it can be concluded that the obstacles faced by Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS) in handling forestry crimes, in general, are weak coordination between law enforcers. The main actors (intellectualactors) which are difficult to penetrate by law, the existence of regional autonomy, lack of facilities and infrastructure, and limited funds. Countermeasures against Illegal logging can run well and as expected, it is necessary to increase the eradication of Illegal logging crimes, prepare law enforcement officials both in terms of quality and quantity, and enforce regulations and provisions on forestry as well as possible to minimize provisions as small as possible the crime of illegal logging throughout Indonesia, especially in North Sumatra Province.Keywords: Civil Servant Investigator; Enforcemen; Illegal Logging

Tinjauan Yuridis Tentang Penyelesaian Sengketa Illegal Logging Yang Dilakukan Oleh Masyarakat Adat Kasepuhan Ciptagelar

Indigenous peoples are a group of people in an area who have their own wealth and can manage their wealth independently. A traditional forest is a state forest that is in the area of ​​indigenous peoples which is managed and utilized by the indigenous peoples themselves. One example of the existence of indigenous peoples and traditional forests is Kasepuhan Ciptagelar in Sukabumi Regency, West Java. These people already have customary laws that they have used for generations. Among these customary laws, one of them regulates illegal logging activities. According to this customary law, someone who violates customary forest provisions will be given sanctions sequentially, from replanting as many as 1,000 tree seeds, to submitting laws to state law if the customary law given does not create a deterrent effect on the perpetrators.

Tinjauan Yuridis Tentang Penyelesaian Sengketa Illegal Logging Yang Dilakukan Oleh Masyarakat Adat Kasepuhan Ciptagelar

Indigenous peoples are a group of people in an area who have their own wealth and can manage their wealth independently. A traditional forest is a state forest that is in the area of ​​indigenous peoples which is managed and utilized by the indigenous peoples themselves. One example of the existence of indigenous peoples and traditional forests is Kasepuhan Ciptagelar in Sukabumi Regency, West Java. These people already have customary laws that they have used for generations. Among these customary laws, one of them regulates illegal logging activities. According to this customary law, someone who violates customary forest provisions will be given sanctions sequentially, from replanting as many as 1,000 tree seeds, to submitting laws to state law if the customary law given does not create a deterrent effect on the perpetrators.

Path guidance & emergency helping system via Radio Frequency (RF) concepts

This project proposes an area detection system using Radio Frequency (RF) technology to monitor forest areas for illegal logging or encroachment activities. The system consists of a network of RF sensors deployed throughout the forest to detect any movement or changes in the forest's environment. The data collected by the sensors is transmitted wirelessly to a central monitoring station, where it is analyzed using machine learning algorithms. The proposed system aims to provide an effective and efficient solution for monitoring forest areas and preventing illegal activities that may damage the environment

STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DALAM MENCEGAH ILLEGAL LOGGING DI KABUPATEN MUNA BARAT PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA

The purpose of this study is to find out and explain the strategy of the UPTD Production Forest Management Unit (KPHP) Unit VI Muna Island in tackling Illegal Logging in West Muna Regency. Using qualitative methods, this research data were obtained from interviews and documentation studies with the determination of informants by purposive sampling and analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive analysis methods. The results showed that the strategy of KPHP Unit VI Muna Island in tackling illegal logging activities in West Muna Regency was fairly good where in the context of protecting forest areas, a system of collaboration with the community is carried out both preventively and repressively. Then there are patrol activities in forest areas, socialization with the community in order to educate the community about forestry law, and cross-agency cooperation. To support these activities, transportation facilities are provided in the form of two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles. In addition, the development of human resources is also carried out through education and training.

Conflict Variety and the Facilitation Role of Forest Managemen Unit (FMU) on Resolution of Tenurial Conflict

In this study, tenure conflict is interpreted as various forms of claims related to mastery, management, utilization, and land use at FMU areas of Dampelas Tinombo. In this context, the FMU will be directly and responsibly involved in addressing disputes in its territory. This research aims to identify and analyze the variety of land-use conflicts and how the role of FMU in resolving conflict resolution in its managed areas. This study was conducted in 2020 at FMU of Dampelas Tinombo using the Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RA-TA) method. Data collection techniques with a Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) approach through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study sample was established by purposive sampling. The results showed that the variety of conflicts in FMU was land clearing, threats of illegal logging activities, and low public trust in programs derived from FMU. The role of KPH is needed in the resolution of tenure conflicts, significantly facilitating in optimizing collaborative management of forest resources and reducing the implementation of social forestry in the form of empowerment schemes and forestry partnerships.

Conflict Variety and the Facilitation Role of Forest Managemen Unit (FMU) on Resolution of Tenurial Conflict

In this study, tenure conflict is interpreted as various forms of claims related to mastery, management, utilization, and land use at FMU areas of Dampelas Tinombo. In this context, the FMU will be directly and responsibly involved in addressing disputes in its territory. This research aims to identify and analyze the variety of land-use conflicts and how the role of FMU in resolving conflict resolution in its managed areas. This study was conducted in 2020 at FMU of Dampelas Tinombo using the Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RA-TA) method. Data collection techniques with a Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) approach through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study sample was established by purposive sampling. The results showed that the variety of conflicts in FMU was land clearing, threats of illegal logging activities, and low public trust in programs derived from FMU. The role of KPH is needed in the resolution of tenure conflicts, significantly facilitating in optimizing collaborative management of forest resources and reducing the implementation of social forestry in the form of empowerment schemes and forestry partnerships.

DNA databases of an important tropical timber tree species Shorealeprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) for forensic timber identification

International timber trade communities are increasingly demanding that timber in the wood supply chain be sourced from sustainably harvested forests and certified plantations. This is to combat illegal logging activities to prevent further depletion of our precious forests worldwide. Hence, timber tracking tools are important to support law enforcement officials in ensuring only sustainably harvested timbers are traded in the market. In this study, we developed chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) databases as tracking tools for an important tropical timber tree species, Shorealeprosula from Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 1410 individual trees were sampled from 44 natural populations throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Four cpDNA regions were used to generate a cpDNA haplotype database, resulting in a haplotype map comprising 22 unique haplotypes derived from 28 informative intraspecific variable sites. This cpDNA database can be used to trace the origin of an unknown log at the regional level. Ten SSR loci were used to develop the SSR allele frequency database. Bayesian cluster analysis divided the 44 populations into two genetic clusters corresponding to Region A and Region B. Based on conservativeness evaluation of the SSR databases for individual identification, the coancestry coefficients (θ) were adjusted to 0.1900 and 0.1500 for Region A and B, respectively. These databases are useful tools to complement existing timber tracking systems in ensuring only legally sourced timbers are allowed to enter the wood supply chain.

NARATIVE REVIEW KONTEN PUBLIKASI IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN DESENTRALISASI DAN OTONOMI DAERAH DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN

Border areas are very lagging behind in the field of development when compared to development in neighboring countries. There are several problems that need to be resolved in the border areas with neighboring countries. The welfare of the people living in border areas needs to be considered. The purpose of writing is to conduct a narrative review of the published content of the implementation of decentralization and autonomy policies in border areas. The research was conducted using a narrative review method with searches through the ISJD database, garudaristekbrin.go.id, doaj.org, google scholar, and academic.microsoft.com/homes. The data collected were 18 articles that were appropriate to be grouped into 3 major themes, namely: implementation of decentralization and regional autonomy; border area problems; border area development. The results show that according to historical records, regional autonomy has been implemented in Indonesia since the days of the kingdom, colonialism, and the development period of the Law on Regional Autonomy, namely Law Number 1 of 1945. Border areas face the problem of disparity or gaps in regional growth and regional autonomy. socio-economic status in border areas with the phenomenon of rampant illegal logging activities, illegal trade, illegal migration flows, and the many shifts in the boundaries between countries. The solution to the problem of development in border areas offered by the author is asymmetric decentralization.

Diagnosis of perception of drivers of deforestation using the partial least squares path modeling approach

Deforestation is recking havoc on the world's forests, leading to the widespread depletion of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services, as well as eventual forest cover loss. Ghana is one of the highest deforestation rated countries in the World. Despite efforts of the Forestry Commission and other private organizations, the country's protected forest infrastructure continues to deteriorate. This is because policymakers have not examined the interrelation of the causes of deforestation. The study examines the interrelation among factors affecting deforestation in the Sefwi-Wiawso Forest District (SWFD) of Ghana. Partial least squares (PLS) approach was used to identify the direct and indirect effects of the factors of deforestation and assess’ the relationships among the perceived causes of deforestation. The model showed that, Mining activities, Conflict over ownership rights, Illegal logging and Agricultural activities had positive direct impacts on Deforestation. On the contrary, Population growth, Knowledge on forest resources and Policy and enforcement had negative indirect impacts on Deforestation. Again, Population growth, policy and enforcement, and illegal logging were significant in predicting deforestation. As a result, the study propounds that, to effectively protect our forest and achieve Sustainable Development Goal 15, it is critical to address the direct effects of the variables influencing deforestation.