Ill-drained Paddy Field Research Articles

湿田での栽培に適した長大作物(マコモ,ミズカンナ)の乾物生産特性と飼料成分

湿田での栽培に適した長大作物(マコモ,ミズカンナ)の乾物生産特性と飼料成分

Habitat selection and seasonal occurrence of the Japanese newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster , in ill-drained paddy fields

Habitat selection and seasonal occurrence of the Japanese newt, <i>Cynops pyrrhogaster </i>, in ill-drained paddy fields

The habitat status of large-sized aquatic animals in an ill-drained paddy field and an adjacent side ditch

The habitat status of large-sized aquatic animals in an ill-drained paddy field and an adjacent side ditch

Dry Matter Productivity of High Biomass Sugarcane in Upland and Paddy Fields in the Kanto Region of Japan

Eight high biomass sugarcane clones and two commercial sugarcane cultivars were planted in upland and paddy fields in Tsukuba in 2003-2005 to identify a new crop suitable for abandoned paddy fields in the Kanto region of Japan. The paddy field was flood irrigated until harvest in 2003 and 2004. In 2005, the paddy field was flood irrigated for one month after transplantation and then the water was drained to above ground level to maintain an ill-drained condition. The highest dry matter (DM) yield of the high biomass clones was over 40 Mg/ha in the upland field, and even in the ill-drained paddy field, all high biomass clones achieved almost 30 Mg/ha. Because DM yield of feed-use rice cultivars is reported to be around 20 Mg/ha, DM yield of high biomass clones grown in ill-drained conditions would exceed that of feed-use cultivars grown in a flooded condition. Average DM yield, stalk number and plant length of the high biomass clones grown in the ill-drained paddy field were better than those grown in the flood-irrigated condition. Although the average DM yield in the paddy field was lower than the upland field every year (P < 0.01), the average proportion (paddy/upland) of DM yield in 2005 when the paddy field was in the ill-drained condition was 0.79, whereas it was 0.59 in 2003 and 0.54 in 2004 when the paddy field was flood irrigated. The results suggest that sugarcane and high biomass clones can be grown in ill-drained paddy fields with good yields; however, cultivars with improved initial growth rates and winter survivability are necessary for the Kanto region.

A Comparison of the Methane Emission in the Well-drained and Ill-drained Paddy Fields

A Comparison of the Methane Emission in the Well-drained and Ill-drained Paddy Fields

日本国民高等学校の農業教育と戦後開拓地

This research, which used Ibaraki Prefecture as the research area, was aimed at clarifying the kind of agricultural education conducted at Japan Fork High School (Nihon-Kokumin-Koto-Gakko) for the children of the settlers of land reclaimed after the war.The Japan Fork High School, whose first principal was agricultural leader, Kanji Kato, was established in Tomobe, Ibaraki Prefecture in 1926, and modeled on the Fork High School of Denmark. Kato tried to teach his students how to master methods of independent agricultural management, and methods of improving productivity in areas with poor land conditions, and how to become the ideal Japanese farmer through mind discipline.In regards to the details of education in Japan Fork High Schools following the end of World War II, only those students who chose to took classes in mind discipline. However, practical agricultural training and fieldwork made up over 40% of the entire curriculum, continuing the focus of education on practical learning.In the agricultural training, students were taught how to respond to postwar changes in Japanese agriculture, how to handle techniques to transform ill-drained paddy fields into a well drained fields and increase the yield, how to deal with tractor and combine and increase farming scale, and how to employ sustainable cultivation methods without using large amounts of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Instruction of such new postwar agricultural techniques and farming methods to students was conducted by part-time instructors who had graduated from the Agricultural Department of the Japan Fork High School or agricultural trial research workers.Prior to World War II, graduates from the Japan Fork High School were dispersed throughout the country, but in postwar time the graduates came to be concentrated in Ibaraki Prefecture.Ibaraki Prefecture, which has the largest number of graduates, dispersed graduates around the Joban Line area prior to the war. After the war ended, graduates came to be concentrated in the southern part of the prefecture, with an especially marked increase in the various towns on the diluvial upland around Lake Kasumigaura and Lake Kitaura, areas with a great amount of postwar reclaimed land construction.It was in this postwar reclaimed land that settlers, who were directly instructed by Kanji Kato, recommended their children to attend the Japan Fork High School. The children of these settlers learned not only theory at the Japan Fork High School, but also came to comprehend practical knowledge and techniques, and acquired the ability to respond to postwar agricultural change, thereby making a success of agricultural business upon reclaimed land.

大区画埴土湿田における乾田直播のための作業体系 第１報 播種作業に対するローラ鎮圧の効果について

In order to reduce the production cost of rice, a work system for the dry seeded rice culture on clay ill-drained paddy field of large lot was studied.One of the problems to be solved on the dry seeded rice culture is that the seeding is difficult for a couple of days after rain. This is a serious problem, especially in the Hokuriku district.Therefore, to reduce the rain damage for seeding practice, the effect of soil packing after tillage was investigated under the conditions of natural rain and artificial rain.The results are as follows:1. Packing after tillage increased density in the soil layer at the depth of 15cm. The corn index was between 0.39-0.59MPa (4-6kgf/cm2). So, after 15mm/day natural rain and 20mm/day of artificial rain, the sinkage of a tractor with seeding machine at a day after the rain stabilized between 3-4cm.2. The soil layer in the packed field was tilled to a depth of 9-11cm by a rotary harrow. Soil packing increased the solid ratio of soil and lowered the water content-by weight.As a result of it, the higher rate of soil pulverization, the lower rate of uncovered seeds and the stable seeding depth were obtained.3. In the packed field, the rate of emergence showed more than 70% when rice grains were seeded at day after the rain, which is 15mm/day of natural rain or 20mm/day of artificial rain.4. By soil packing after tillage, it may be possible to seed as scheduled even next day of 15-20mm/day rain. So we can expect that the soil packing expand the number of days for seeding.

Effect of Paddy-Upland Rotation Management on the Productivity of Rice and Establishment of Stable Production Technique for High Yield of Rice on Ill-drained Paddy Fields of Heavy Soil in Hachirogata Reclaimed Fields

Effect of Paddy-Upland Rotation Management on the Productivity of Rice and Establishment of Stable Production Technique for High Yield of Rice on Ill-drained Paddy Fields of Heavy Soil in Hachirogata Reclaimed Fields

水田転換畑および畑地で栽培されたムギ類からの主要な褐色雪腐病菌の検出

Pythium iwayamai, P. okanoganense and P. paddicum, the main causal organisms of Pythium snow rot, were isolated from rotted leaves of wheat and barley grown in 122 paddy fields and 7 upland fields between 1982 and 1986. P. paddium was the dominant pathogen in ill-drained paddy fields in the previous season. From well-drained paddy fields, all three pathogens were isolated independently or simultaneously. On the other hand, P. iwayamai was the dominant pathogen in upland fields. The results indicate that distribution of the pathogens may vary with the degree of drainage in the fields.

Effect of Changes in Soil Moisture Content on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Ill-drained Paddy Fields

Effect of Changes in Soil Moisture Content on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Ill-drained Paddy Fields

Comparative studies on the reproductive systems ofCardamine flexuosa, C. impatients, C. scutata, andC. lyrata, cruciferae

The reproductive systems of fourCardamine species were compared.C. flexuosa ssp.flexuosa, a self-pollinated winter annual in fallow paddy fields, produces numerous small seeds.C. flexuosa ssp.fallax, a self-pollinated year-long annual in gardens and roadsides, also produces many small seeds.C. impatiens, a self-pollinated annual in forest margins, similarly produces numerous small seeds.C. scutata is a self-pollinated perennial in ill-drained paddy fields and creeks; its vegetative reproduction is not predominant, and it produces relatively many seeds.C. lyrata, a cross-pollinated perennial with self-incompatibility in ill-drained paddy fields and creeks, produces fewer and heavier seeds, but it does produce many ramets. Moreover, in seed-dispersal mechanisms and germination behavior of fourCardamine species several adaptive characteristics to their habitats are found. These observations on the reproductive systems of fourCardamine species apparently present different characteristics of life-history strategy for each of them.

琉球諸島におけるアブ幼虫の生息地調査

The larval habitats of tabanids were surveyed at Ryukyu Islands in 1974,1980 and 1981. In total 5,1,2,4,and 2 species were collected at Okinawa, Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote and Yonaguni Islands, respectively. Hirosia kotoshoensis and Hi. masamitsui were mainly breeding in wet mosses, while Atylotus angusticornis was breeding in tidelands. Tabanus taiwanus and Chrysops vanderwulpi inhabited mainly in illdrained paddy fields. Injuries on a farmer's legs caused by the bite of tabanid larvae (mostly T. taiwanus) was observed.

THE LAND CONDITIONS AND LOTUS ROOT GROWING IN THE ALLUVIAL LOWLAND ALONG LAKE KASUMIGAURA

In this paper, the writer dealt with lotus root growing at the Tamura and Okijuku districts in Tsuchiura city which are located in the western shore of Lake Kasumigaura. He made clear the relationship between land conditions and lotus root farm management in these districts by his research, which was carried out before the rice acreage reduction policy and there after. The results are summarized as follows; The alluvial plain along, the northern shore of Tsuchiura inlet, the western part of Lake Kasumigaura, has a gentle slope, and it can be divided into upper alluvial surface and lower surface. The former is a coastal plain, which was formed by upheaval of the land that had been below the sea-level at the high water level period. And the land is semi-ill-drained field. The latter is a lake shore lowland that continues to be formed now and it might be subject to flood if it were not for the dikes. Therefore, the land is vast ill. drained field. At the northern shore of Tsuchiura inlet, the ratio of lotus fields to all paddy fields is more than 80 per cent, indicating one of the lotus root producing centers. But the writer found that the different introduction periods of lotus root and land conditions resulted in different agricultural management groups in these districts. First of all, the transition from rice growing to lotus root growing at the Tamura district began at an early stage because most areas of the district had vast ill-drained paddy fields with silt and clay. Thus, the farmers had already become producers skilled with high lotus root productivity before the rice acreage reduction policy was enforced. On the other hand, in the Okijuku district, rice has been a major crop because of large area of semi-ill-drained fields with silt and sand, and the transition to lotus root growing occured after the enforcement of the rice acreage reduction policy. Yields of lotus root per ten ares at the Tamura district is high at every class of the farm scales by utilizing suitable land conditions of ill-drained paddy fields and the production experience, and family income per ten ares exceeds 250, 000. This figure is three and one-half times as large as the average income of the rice growing farm. This is the economic basis of the formation of farmer groups specialized in lotus root growing in this district. On the other hand, yields of lotus root per ten ares the Okijuku district is lower than that of the Tamura district because the land is silty sand that is poor in keeping the fertilizer, and family income per ten ares ranges fro¥110, 000 to ¥170, 000 at each class of farms. It shows high profitableness, however, compared with that of the average rice growing farms. And the subsidy for changing rice to other crops has made up for the gap of profit against the Tamura district. Here the writer found that the lotus root growing at the Okijuku district depends upon the subsidy for changing rice to other crops under the rice acreage reduction policy.

Studies on utilization of upland seedling as a counter measure to prevent zinc deficiency in rice plant

Abstract Zinc deficiency ot rice plants has been recently reported to produce symptoms similar to Akagare Type II disease (1), which appears in illdrained paddy fields as a type of root rot.

Studies on the Rice Harvesting in Ill-drained Paddy Field Areas

Studies on the Rice Harvesting in Ill-drained Paddy Field Areas

Studies on Growth Regulation of Rice Plants by Soil Treatment with Pentachlorophenol (PCP) : I. Effect of PCP on controlling over-growth and lodging of rice plants in ill-drained paddy field

With the aim of controlling the over-growth of rice plants in ill-drained paddy field, a series of experiments has been carried out by using Pentachlorophenol (PCP). The results are summarized as follows: 1) Soil treatment with PCP at the end of effective tillering stage resulted in control of plant height and ineffective tillering. There was a tendency that the more the dosage of PCP, the greater the control of plant growth and ineffective tillering. 2) PCP controlled effectively the growth of such leaves and internodes which were just developing at the time of soil treatment with PCP, and the control was becoming gradually ineffective at the later growing stage. 3) Soil treatment with PCP at the end of effective tillering stage was very effective in controlling the excessive vegetative growth and strengthened the rice plant resistance to lodging, because PCP controlled the elongation of basal internodes and increased breaking resistance of culms. 4) Nitrogen content in rice plant decreased temporarily by soil treatment with PCP, but after the recovery of plant growth it maintained the higher concentration than that in the control.

On the Underdrainage of Ill-drained Paddy Field

On the Underdrainage of Ill-drained Paddy Field

Practices of Direct Threshing of Rice Plants in Ill-drained Paddy Field Areas and their Technical Problems

Practices of Direct Threshing of Rice Plants in Ill-drained Paddy Field Areas and their Technical Problems

Studies on organic acids in paddy field soils with reference to their inhibitory effects on the growth of rice plants

Summary It has been widely considered that organic acids accumulated in the soils of the illdrained humic paddy fields and of the fields with heavy application of green manures cause the root damage of plants in early and midsummer. To give an exmaple, Shimizu (1) reported recently that the preventive effects to paddy rice grown in the peaty soils of marsh-reed origin were derived from the remarkable production of volatile organic acids in the soil.

Effects of Some Cultural Conditions on the Development in Later Growth Stage of Rice Plant in the Ill-drained Paddy Field

Effects of Some Cultural Conditions on the Development in Later Growth Stage of Rice Plant in the Ill-drained Paddy Field