Ilisha Elongata Research Articles

Whether the summer fishing moratorium can improve the status of fisheries resources in the yellow sea and Bohai Sea

The China government has introduced many strategies in fisheries management of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, the most stringent of which is the summer fishing moratorium. Whether the summer fishing moratorium can restore fishery resources has always been a concern. In this study, we selected eight representative commercial fish species the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, including Pampus argenteus, Trichiurus lepturus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Ilisha elongata, Thamnaconus modestus, Scomber japonicus, Engraulis japonicus and Larimichthys polyactis, and used the JABBA method to study their historical exploited dynamics and current stock status. We evaluated the effectiveness of the summer fishing moratorium based on the increments of biomass and catch after its implementation and adjustments. P. argenteus and S. niphonius stocks were in the healthy status in 2022, the other six fisheries stocks were overexploited. The summer fishing moratorium had a strong conservation effect, especially after the first implementation in 1995, with the biomass of six fish species increased and the catch of seven species increased, and the total average biomass and catch increments were 21.22 % and 89.72 %. This positive effect was also reflected after the first adjustment in 2003. Although the moratorium duration was continuously extended after the second and third adjustment, the conservation effect was offset by the flooding of fishing efforts immediately after the moratorium. For the six overexploited stocks, we suggest that the allowable catch of E. japonicus, T. lepturus, L. polyactis, S. japonicus, I. elongata and T. modestus is at most 527.91 kt, 147.51 kt, 93.43 kt, 81.51 kt, 1.25 kt and 4.95 kt in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, respectively.

The potential of composite flour (sago and fish) as a source of raw materials for frozen food processing

A mixture of sago flour and fish flour (Ilisha elongata) can be used as a composite flour source of raw material for food processing production of functional value. The research aimed to determine the characteristics of composite flour from sago and bang fish flour with concentration. The experimental research method processed composite flour from sago flour and fish flour with varying additions of fish flour 1%, 5%, and 10% of the total sago flour. The composite flour was subjected to a gelatinization process, a cooking method that involves heating the flour in water to form a gel to obtain its characteristics. The result showed that the processing of composite flour with fish flour affects the moisture content, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates, mineral content, and profile of the number of essential and non-essential amino acids of composite flour. The best concentration of composite flour was 10%, with a high protein of 6.39 and calcium of 2869 mg/kg. Methionine and glutamate Methionine and glutamate are the highest amino acids, and the degree of gelatinization is 93.95%. Composite flour, with a concentration of 10%, has much potential for applied frozen food products (nuggets and fish balls).

Proportion and Characteristics of Amino Acids Flavoring Powder for Biang Fish (Ilisha elongata)

This study aims to determine the proportions and characteristics of amino acids for the flavoring powder of the fish with different concentrations of the fish meal. The method used in this research is an experiment of making fish seasoning powder with the use of ingredients consisting of fish meal, onion, garlic, iodized salt and white pepper with a non-factorial completely randomized design consisting of 4 levels of treatment, namely P0 (0 grams of powder biang fish), P1 (60 grams of powder biang fish), P2 (70 grams of powder biang fish), P3 (80 grams of powder biang fish). The results showed that the proportion of fish meal was 23% and the analysis of types and levels of amino acids produced 9 types of essential amino acids with the highest number found in isoleucine 0.882% and 8 types of non-essential amino acids with the highest amount found in glutamic acid, namely 1,337 % .

Prevalence of Anisakise infections in marine fishes in Eastern Fujian Fishing Ground of Fujian Province

To investigate the prevalence of Anisakis infection in marine fishes in Eastern Fujian Fishing Ground of Fujian Province, so as to provide insights into the development of the anisakiasis control strategy. Marine fish samples were randomly collected from Jiaocheng District, Fuding City and Xiapu County around Eastern Fujian Fishing Ground in Fujian Province from September to December, 2021. All fishes were dissected, and the abdominal contents were collected. Parasites were sampled under a stereomicroscope and the Anisakis species were identified through morphology. The prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infections were calculated. A total of 177 marine fishes belonging to 24 species were dissected, and Anisakis was detected in 73 marine fishes (41.2%) belonging to 16 species (66.7%), with a mean infection intensity of 14.3 parasites per fish. High prevalence of Anisakis infection was found in Ilisha elongata (5/5), Miichthys miiuy (3/3), Plectorhynchus cinctus (2/2), Scomberomorus niphonius (12/13), Trichiurus lepturus (19/23), Pennahia argentata (6/11) and Ditrema temmincki (14/27), with mean infection intensities of 9.2, 2.7, 4.5, 10.9, 39.2, 4.5 parasites per fish and 2.1 parasites per fish. The Anisakis larvae were characterized as Anisakis and Hysterothylacium. High prevalence of Anisakis infection is detected in marine fishes in Eastern Fujian Fishing Ground of Fujian Province. The health education pertaining to food health is required to be reinforced to prevent the development of human anisakiasis.

Role of Microorganisms in the Development of Quality during the Fermentation of Salted White Herring (Ilisha elongata).

Salted white herring (Ilisha elongata) is a popular fish product in the coastal region of China. The complex endogenous enzymes and microbial action determine the quality of a traditionally salted herring. In order to investigate the role of microorganisms in the quality formation of salted herring, three groups for different salting processes were established: traditional salted (TS), non-starter salted (NS), and starter culture salted (SS). The predominant microorganism in each processing group was Staphylococcus spp., as inferred by next-generation sequencing data. Different physicochemical parameters were obtained in each of the three processing groups (TCA-soluble peptide (trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptide), TVB-N (Total volatile basic nitrogen), and TBA values (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance)). The TS group had the maximum level of total biogenic amines, while the SS group had the lowest. A strong positive correlation was found between Staphylococcus and 14 aromatic compounds, of which 5 were odor-active compounds that created fishy, grassy, fatty, and fruity flavors. Shewanella may produce trimethylamine, which is responsible for the salted herrings' fishy, salty, and deteriorating flavor. The findings demonstrated that autochthonous strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus M90-61 were useful in improving product quality because they adapted quickly to the high osmotic environment.

Utilization of Biang Fish (Ilisha elongata) as Raw Material for Flavoring Powder

The prickly fish is a marine fish with a flat body, many fine spines, a flavorful texture, and a delicious and savory taste. This study aims to analyze several formulations of fish meat to determine the chemical composition of the fish-based flavoring powder and other composite materials. The processing ingredients for the flavoring powder are fish meal (60-80%), onion flour, garlic flour, salt, sugar, white pepper powder, and turmeric powder. The research approach includes the manufacture of fish seasoning flavoring powder with various treatments, including control treatment (without fish, F0), the use of 60% prickly fish powder (F1), 70% prickly fish powder (F2), and 80% prickly fish powder (F3). The best results showed that the formulation was 70% fish meal with 35g shallot flour, 25g garlic flour, 30g salt, 6g sugar, 2g white pepper powder, and 2g turmeric powder. Characteristics of the quality of the product of the fish-based flavoring powder have a moisture of 3.61%, protein content of 38.49%, a fat of 3.75%, an ash content of 20.72%, a carbohydrates content of 33.43%, a salt content (NaCl) of 31.43%. This research shows that prickly fish has a high potential to be used as a natural flavoring product as a substitute for MSG in food products.

Utilization of Biang Fish Flour (Ilisha elongata) as an Enrichment Material for Sago Noodles Nutrient Value.

This study aims to determine the appropriate concentration of lead fish meal for enriching the nutritional value of sago noodles favored by consumers. The method used is an experimental design using Completely Randomized (CRD) with 4 concentration levels of lead fish meal, namely, 4% without a lead fish meal (M0), 6% (M1), 8% (M2), and 10% (M3). The analysis of sago noodles was performed and proximate by the AOAC method; amino acids by HPLC; fatty acids by GC; and minerals by HPLC. The results of the showed that the study getting the best treatment was a concentration of 8% (M2) with the characteristics of whole sago noodles' appearance: attractive, grayish-white color; a distinctive aroma of sago noodles with a hint of fish; a specific taste typical of sago noodles and fish prickly taste; delicious; slightly chewy texture. Sensory evaluation with a taste value of 8.9, an aroma of 8.6, a visual value of 8.9, and a texture value of 8.8. Its nutritional content is 5.58% protein content, air 22.35%, ash 1.69%, fat 1.41%, and carbohydrates 68.29%. The proximate values are protein 5.58%, water content 22.35%, ash 1.69%, fat content 1.41%, and carbohydrates (different) 68.29%. The mineral content is Ca.P.I, Mg, Zn, and Fe. Amino acids consist of 8 types of essential amino acids, namely, histidine, arginine, threonine, valine, alanine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and 7 types of nonessential amino acids, namely, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, tyrosine. Its fatty acid profile has 13 components of unsaturated fatty acids and 17 components of saturated fatty acids.

Comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of two species of Clupeiformes and the phylogenetic implications for Clupeiformes

AbstractThe mitochondrial genome provides important information for phylogenetic analysis and an understanding of evolutionary origin. In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of Ilisha elongata and Setipinna tenuifilis were sequenced, which are typical circular vertebrate mitochondrial genomes composed of 16,770 and 16,805 bp, respectively. The mitogenomes of I. elongata and S. tenuifilis include 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and one control region (CR). Both two species' genome compositions were highly A + T biased and exhibited positive AT-skews and negative GC-skews. The genetic distance and Ka/Ks ratio analyses indicated that 13 PCGs were affected by purifying selection and the selection pressures were different from certain deep-sea fishes, which were most likely due to the difference in their living environment. Results of phylogenetic analysis support close relationships among Chirocentridae, Denticipitidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae and Pristigasteridae based on the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 13 PCGs. Within Clupeoidei, I. elongata and S. tenuifilis were most closely related to the family Pristigasteridae and Engraulidae, respectively. These results will help to better understand the evolutionary position of Clupeiformes and provide a reference for further phylogenetic research on Clupeiformes species.

Effects of Ilisha elongata proteins on proliferation and adhesion of Lactobacillus plantarum

The effects of aquatic proteins on the proliferation and adhesion of intestinal probiotic bacteria were investigated by in vitro fermentation and mouse in vitrointestinal tissue models. Compared with the control group, the Illisha elongata protein reduced the growth time of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP45) by 34.25% and increased the total number of colonies by 6.61%. The Ilisha elongata salt-solubale protein performed better than water-soluble protein in vitro proliferation of LP45. Ilisha elongata salt-soluble protein significantly increased the number of viable bacteria adhering to intestinal, and caused changes in the amount of polysaccharides, proteins and biofilms in the intestinal tissue model. These results indicate that the Ilisha elongata protein is beneficial to the proliferation and adhesion of probiotics in the intestinal, and can be used as an active protein beneficial to intestinal health.

Effects of Ilisha elongata protein, soy protein and whey protein on growth characteristics and adhesion of probiotics

The effects of different food source proteins on the growth characteristics and intestinal adhesion of Lactobacillus plantarum 45 (LP45) were investigated by adding Ilisha elongata protein, soy protein and whey protein to the probiotic bacteria in vitro and using a probiotic adhesion model based on mouse intestinal tissues. Ilisha elongata protein and soy protein significantly reduced the growth time of LP45 and increased the total number of colonies fermented by LP45; whey protein only reduced the growth time of LP45; the effect of the three food source proteins on the acid production capacity of LP45 was small. These showed that the three food-derived proteins promoted the proliferation and adhesion of probiotics in the intestine, which were beneficial to the active role of intestinal probiotics and improved the intestinal microenvironment.

Characteristics of Composite Flour (Biang fish Ilisha elongata and Sago) For the Development of Good Nutritional Food Products

Composite flour is a mixture of fish flour and sago flour to increase nutrition in food products. This study aims to increase the nutritional value of food products with sago flour as raw material. Composite flour from fish and sago flour were 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% Biang fish to the amount of sago flour. The results of the research on fish flour Ilisha elongata showed a yellowish-white color with a whiteness degree of 75.8%. Fish flour has a yield of 28.9% with a fineness level on a 100-mesh sieve. The results show the characteristics of the composite flour of Biang fish and sago, respectively, the color of the flour was white-gray to cream color; having nutritional characteristics, respectively, the moisture content is 9.62%; 9.57%; 9.55%; 9.42%; 9.26%, and 9.20%. The protein content was 0.25%; 3.58%; 4.09%; 4.99%; 5.98%, and 6.39%. The fat content was 0.41%, 0.24%, 0.29%; 0.37%; 0.40%; 0.42%. The ash contained 0.27%, 0.34%, 0.50%, 0.57%, 0.69%, and 0.76%. The carbohydrates were 89.45%; 86.27%; 85.57%; 84.65%; 83.67%, and 83.23%. The calcium content was 1130 mg/kg; 1901 mg/kg; 2687 mg/kg; 2770 mg/kg; 2827 mg/kg and 2869 mg/kg. The addition of fish flour can increase the nutritional value of composite flour made from sago flour and has the potential to develop nutritious food products.

Utilization of Trash Fish for Cultivation of Crablet Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)

The high demand for mud crabs in North Kalimantan causes catch to increase in the wild. If it is not balanced with efforts to increase its aquaculture of mud crab, in the future there will be a decline in population. This study aims to determine the growth and survival rate of mud crab seed (crablet, Scylla serrata) in the application method of different types of trash fish. This research used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The Crablet used carapace width average 0.07-0.09 cm and weigh average 0.05-0.07 g with total 150 crablets. The treatments applied by trash fish were (A) Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), (B) Longfin Herrings Fish (Ilisha elongata), (C) Sword Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) and (D) Snails (Telescopium telescopium). The results were The best weight growth of crablet occurs in the treatment of T. lepturus (P>0.05) and the highest of survival rates of crablet were found in treatment T. telescopium (P<0.05) than the other. The trash fish were used turned out to be able survival of crablet mud crab (Scylla serrata).

Postpartum Care Impact on Malayan Mothers in Pontianak, Indonesia

Purpose: This study aims to analyze postpartum care impact on Malayan people in Pontianak. It also explores the cultural traditions of the Malayan community in relation to postpartum care and how they deal with mothers during the postpartum period.
 Study Design: A cross sectional study.
 Subjects and Methods: The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with an ethnographic approach. This research was conducted in East Pontianak District, within the Malay ethnic community in the Malay village. Data collection is done through observation and interviews.
 Results: The results of the study showed that health impacts of postpartum care can be directly felt in the body by becoming fresher and healthier. During the postpartum period, the body gradually improves and recovers. With no postpartum care, the results of the study indicate that the body gets easily tired and the mothers can become easily sick with frequent vaginal discharges. Furthermore, eating “Ilisha Elongata” during the postpartum period causes severe health problems. There are also taboo suggestions made by Malay people during the postpartum period. 
 Conclusions: Postpartum care is essential and the effects on the mothers are long-lasting. The effects are directly felt with fresher and healthier body.

Comparative otolith morphology and species identification of clupeids from Japan

The amount of interspecific and ontogenetic variation in otolith shape among clupeid fishes from Japan was investigated to create a key to identify otoliths of these species found in the stomach contents of piscivorous predators, fossiliferous beds, and archaeological sites. The interspecific comparison with 12 species (Clupea pallasii, Etrumeus micropus, Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus, Ilisha elongata, Konosirus punctatus, Nematalosa come, Nematalosa japonica, Sardinella aurita, Sardinella melanura, Sardinella zunasi, Sardinops melanostictus, and Spratelloides gracilis) revealed morphological variation in otolith shape, OL:OH and AL:RL ratios, rostrum, marginal structures, and features of the crista superior. Intraspecific changes were analyzed in two species (E. micropus and S. melanostictus), revealing ontogenetic changes in OL:OH ratio and consequently otolith shape as well as changes in marginal features. Overall, this study shows that the key morphological features can be used as diagnostic features for identification of clupeid otoliths.

여자만 입구 해역에서 소형기선저인망에 어획된 어류의 종조성 및 군집분석

Community structure and species composition of fish in the mouth of Yeoja bay were investigated using samples collected by a small otter trwal in March and August, 2019. A total of 3,198 fishes were sampled and classified into 38 species, 27 families, and 9 orders. The dominant species was Pennahia argentata (505 individuals, 15.8%), Ilisha elongata (234 individuals, 7.3%), and Engraulis japonicus (222 individuals, 6.9%). The highest number of individuals was found in St. 2 (1,516 individuals), while the lowest number of individuals was found in St. 3 (663 individuals). The richness index was the highest in St. 2 (RI=3.69) and the lowest in St. 3 (RI=3.39). The evenness index was the highest in St. 3 (E=0.91) and the lowest in St. 2 (E=0.86). The diversity index was the highest in St. 1 (H’=2.96) and the lowest in St. 2 (H’=2.85). The dominance index was the highest in St. 2 (D=31.4%) and the lowest in St. 1 (D=23.2%).

Monthly and seasonal changes of muscle proximate composition and its taste-related components in elongate ilisha, Ilisha elongata, at Harima-Nada Japan in the year 2018

Monthly and seasonal changes of muscle proximate composition and its taste-related components in elongate ilisha, <I>Ilisha elongata</I>, at Harima-Nada Japan in the year 2018

Distribution fisheries resources of Small Island in Estuary Area: An assessment in Bunyu Island, North Kalimantan, Indonesia

Understanding the spatial distribution of potential fish resources can optimize the management of capture fisheries, especially in coastal areas on small islands with limited supporting activities factors. Swept analysis is applied to the study of distribution of fish resources in waters around Bunyu Island in order to estimate spatial distribution of fish populations in Bunyu Island waters of North Kalimantan based on biomass, weight and number of fish abundance and to examine the effect of different sampling location and time difference of observation. Observations were made in 8 sampling areas around Bunyu Island waters in 3 periods, namely the southern season, the peak of southern seasons and the transition of the southern seasons to the northern seasons. Fish resources found in Bunyu Island waters are 59 species and non fish are 18 species, consist of 61 species of demersal fish and 16 pelagic species. Types of dominant demersal fish caught are 6 species and always found in 3 sampling periods namely Gulamah (Belanger’s croaker, Johnius belangerii), Kuniran (Goat fishes, Upeneus sulphureus), Kurisi (Threadfin bream, Nemipterus sp.), Ote-Ote/Manyung (catfishes/Arius caelatus), Pepetek (ponyfish, Leiognathus sp.), and Puput (ray-finned fishes, Ilisha elongata). By area, the total biomass of fish resources from the three surveys showed variation. The lowest biomass of fish resources was found in the southeast of Bunyu Island (area H) of 890.92 kg / km2 and the highest was found in the southern area of Bunyu Island (area G) of 3804.11 kg / km2. Area H shows consistency in the least amount of biomass in each survey. Differences in biomass of fish resources are affected by the migration of fish determined by changes in sea current patterns, food availability, and predation.

Length-weight relationships of three fish species from a tropical mangrove estuary of Sarawak, Malaysia

Summary Length–weight relationships for three mangrove fish species, Setipinna melanochir (Bleeker, 1849), Ilisha elongata (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830), and Nibea soldado (Lacepede, 1802) were determined. Samplings were conducted in a tropical mangrove estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia (3°59′25.76′′N; 113°43′51.6′′E) at the peak of three different seasons using gillnets (100 × 2.5 m, mesh sizes 1, 2 and 4 inches) during 2014–2015. No information regarding length–weight relationships of these species was reported previously in FishBase.

Length-weight relationships of three fish species from the South China Sea

The length–weight relationships were determined for three fish species: Histiopterus typus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844), Branchiostegus argentatus (Cuvier, 1830), and Ilisha elongata (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830). Samples were collected from the South China Sea with commercial trawls in June 2016 using trawl nets. Prior to this study the length–weight relationships for these three species were unknown.

Population structure of elongate ilisha Ilisha elongata along the Northwestern Pacific Coast revealed by mitochondrial control region sequences

The elongate ilisha Ilisha elongata is an economically important species broadly distributed from the Western Pacific to the Java Sea off Sarawak. The fishery of elongate ilisha has been declining in recent years in terms of total catch, size of harvested fish, as well as absence of the fish from previously distributed areas. The knowledge about population structure and genetic diversity of elongate ilisha is important for managing sustainable fisheries. Only two studies have investigated the population genetics of elongate ilisha but both with limited sampling. In the present study, we sampled 16 sites from the coast of China, Korea and Japan. We sequenced the whole mitochondrial control region (D-loop), which showed a remarkably high polymorphism. The average haplotype diversity was 0.98 and the nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.006. Neutrality tests suggested past population expansions. Populations were weakly differentiated (Φ ST = 0.0612). This result, together with a lack of association between clades and locations (R 2 = 0.0591), indicated a weak population structure of the elongate ilisha. The only exception was from the population of Dandong in the West Korean Bay, which was different from all other populations in its D-loop sequence. We did not find genetic differences between the fish with a bottom-sword caudal fin and the fish with a double-sword caudal fin.