Iliopsoas Research Articles

Hip Flexor Muscle Activation During Common Rehabilitation and Strength Exercises

Background/Objectives: The iliopsoas muscle plays an essential role in lumbopelvic and hip anterior stability, which is particularly important in the presence of limited osseous acetabular coverage anteriorly as in hip dysplasia and/or hip micro-instability. The purpose of this systematic review is to (1) describe iliopsoas activation levels during common rehabilitation exercises and (2) provide an evidence-based exercise progression for strengthening the iliopsoas based on electromyography (EMG) studies. Methods: In total, 109 healthy adult participants ranging from ages 20 to 40 were included in nine studies. PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases were systematically searched for EMG studies of the psoas, iliacus, or combined iliopsoas during specific exercise. The Modified Downs and Black Checklist was used to perform a risk of bias assessment. PROSPERO guidelines were followed. Results: Nine studies were included. Findings suggest that the iliopsoas is increasingly activated in ranges of hip flexion of 30–60°, particularly with leg lowering/raising exercises. Briefly, >60% MVIC activity of the iliopsoas was reported in the active straight leg raise (ASLR) in ranges around 60° of hip flexion, as well as with supine hip flexion and leg lifts. In total, 40–60% MVIC was found in exercises including the mid-range of the ASLR around 45° of hip flexion and lifting a straight trunk while in a hip flexed position. Conclusions: The findings suggest that exercises in increased hip flexion provide greater activation of the iliopsoas compared to exercises where the trunk is moving on the lower extremity. Iliopsoas activation can be incrementally progressed from closed to open kinetic chain exercises, and eventually to the addition of external loads. The proposed exercise program interprets the results and offers immediate translation into clinical practice.

Study the Immediate Effects of “Primal Reflex Release Technique™” Versus “Neural Tissue Mobilization” on Hip Flexor Tightness in Individuals with a Sedentary Lifestyle

Background: An inactive life can lead to various problems, such as tightness of muscles, decreased joint mobility, and decreased pliability, which can hinder daily activities. Prolonged sitting puts a lot of force on the muscles, increasing the risk of injury. Studies have shown that many people with desk jobs have tight iliopsoas muscles, resulting in lower strength, restricted hip movement, increased pelvic tilt, and excessive lower back curvature. Objective: This study investigates the immediate effectiveness of PRRT™ and NTM on hip flexor tightness in individuals with a sedentary lifestyle. The goal is to determine the most effective treatment approach to alleviate hip flexor tightness, thereby reducing associated risks and improving the quality of life for sedentary individuals. Study Design: Double-blinded Comparative Study Study Settings: In and around the Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun Participants: 60 individuals with a sedentary lifestyle having tight hip flexors in the age group 18-45. Outcome measures: Hip Flexion Angle measured while performing Modified Thomas Test, Hip Extension Range. Result: A significant improvement is seen in hip flexion angle (p-value <0.001) and prone hip extension range (p-value <0.001) in both Groups A and B. However, on analysing and comparing the post-intervention results of both groups, no major difference was found in the outcome variables (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that both techniques are equally effective in reducing hip flexor tightness with a sedentary lifestyle and can mitigate associated risks and enhance the quality of life for sedentary individuals. KEYWORDS: Hip Flexors, Iliopsoas, PRRT, Neural Tissue Mobilization, Sedentary Lifestyle, Tightness.

A case report of bilateral psoas abscess with co-existing gluteal abscess in Pott`s disease of the spine in a middle-aged woman in a Specialist Hospital

Psoas abscess (PA) is the buildup of suppurative fluid in the fascia surrounding the psoas/iliopsosas muscle, is a rare condition, with diagnostic difficulty. Pott`s disease also called spinal tuberculosis occurs due to extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Backpain, fever, weight loss, lump in the groin and limping are its main symptoms. Curable by administering antitubercular therapy and sensitive antimicrobials with analgesics for indicative relief. Surgical procedures can be carried out to eliminate the accrued fluid based on the inter individual degree of presentation. In this case report, we report a rare case of bilateral psoas abscess with co-existing gluteal abscess and Potts’s disease. A 48-year old female presented with complaints of backpain, limping, lump in the flank/buttock and fever of two weeks. Abdominopelvic computed tomography scan showed massive right iliopsoas muscle collection with extension into the ipsilateral gluteal region and subcutaneous tissue. Similar collection was seen in the left psoas muscle superiorly. The bone window of the lumbosacral spine showed the anterior wedged collapse of the vertebral bodies with gibbus deformity. The patient had spontaneous rupture of the gluteal collection and surgical drainage of the right iliopsoas and left psoas collection was done. Anti-Kochs therapy was commenced and patient is currently doing great. The introduction of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has greatly improved the diagnosis of psoas abscess with Pott`s disease or in its isolated forms.

Clinical Research Progress on Iliopsoas Dysfunction and Low Back Pain

This article systematically reviews the clinical application and latest research progress of iliopsoas muscle treatment strategies in relieving low back pain. By combing through existing domestic and foreign literature, this article explores its anatomy, function, efficacy mechanism and future research direction, aiming to provide clinicians with a more extensive academic reference.

Cachexia and efficiency of trifluridine/thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor + bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer

In later-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), there may be large differences in treatment efficacy depending on cancer cachexia. Recently, the cachexia index (CXI), which was calculated from the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), serum albumin concentration, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, was developed to evaluate cancer cachexia. We retrospectively examined the CXI of 80 patients who were treated with trifluridine/thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor (FTD/TPI) + bevacizumab (Bmab) therapy as a later-line treatment for mCRC, and assessed the impact of cancer cachexia on chemotherapeutic efficacy using CXI. Progression-free and overall survival rates were significantly worse in the low CXI group than in the high CXI group, although there were no marked differences in tumor factors, such as the number of metastatic organs or gene mutations, between the two groups. As the cross-sectional area of the iliopsoas muscle was significantly associated with that of the skeletal muscle, the accuracy of the CXI based on the psoas mass index (P-CXI), which is easier to calculate than the SMI, in predicting treatment outcomes was equivalent to that of the CXI based on the SMI (S-CXI). Cancer cachexia is an important factor related to treatment efficacy in later-line treatments, such as FTD/TPI + Bmab therapy.

Application of resistance exercise training combined with CT image evaluation in postoperative functional rehabilitation and fracture risk prediction of elderly femurs

ObjectiveTo evaluate the overall functional recovery of femoral patients, improve recovery ability, and prevent fractures in the elderly. MethodsA group of elderly femoral postoperative participants were selected and randomly divided into resistance exercise training and routine rehabilitation training. Simultaneously, a control group (without a history of fractures) and a fracture group (with a history of fractures) were designed to predict fracture risk. Finally, computerized tomography was used to evaluate the functional rehabilitation status. ResultsThe resistance exercise training group showed significantly better performance in functional rehabilitation and fracture risk prediction than the control group, and the decrease in Barthel index at 12 weeks after surgery in this group was 6.25 (P > 0.001). The age, gender, and volumetric bone density between the control group and the fracture group showed P > 0.001, and the differences were statistically significant. The average age of the control group was significantly higher than that of the fracture group, and the proportion of males in the fracture group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The intramuscular fat content of the iliopsoas muscle in the fracture group was significantly lower than that in the control group, P = 0.004. This indicated that lower intramuscular fat content of the iliopsoas muscle was associated with higher fracture risk, as participants with lower intramuscular fat content of the iliopsoas muscle had less bone protection, resulting in an increased risk of fracture. The difference in body mass index between the two groups was not statistically significant, P = 0.737, indicating that the impact of this parameter on fracture risk was not significant in this study. ConclusionResistance exercise training combined with CT image evaluation is an effective rehabilitation strategy with high clinical application value. This study provides reliable empirical evidence for the application of resistance exercise training and the combination of CT image evaluation, and provides guidance for the optimization of clinical rehabilitation strategies.

Decreased volume of rectus femoris and iliocapsularis in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome after primary hip arthroscopy

Purpose(1) to investigate the consecutive changes in hip muscle volume in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) during the initial postoperative period, and (2) to determine the potential effect of the early changes in hip muscle volume on clinical outcomes.MethodsData between March 2021 and March 2022 was reviewed. Patients diagnosed with FAIS based on clinical symptoms and radiographic findings, and undergoing hip arthroscopic treatment were included. Exclusion criteria were incomplete MRI data, prior history of hip surgery, and concomitant hip conditions including hip osteoarthritis with a Tönnis grade > 1, avascular necrosis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, osteoid osteoma, synovial chondromatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). MRI was performed preoperatively and 3, 6, 12-month postoperatively. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of hip muscles including rectus femoris (RF), iliocapsularis (IC), iliopsoas (IP), gluteus medius/minimus complex (G-med/min), and gluteus maximus (G-max) were collected on MRI. The CSA was corrected by body surface area (BSA). Preoperative and a minimum of 2-year postoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores including Visual Analog pain Scale (VAS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and international Hip Outcome Tool, 12-component form (iHOT-12) were collected. A multivariate linear regression model was built to determine the influence of the potential factors on postoperative PROs.ResultsA total of 76 patients were included in the study. Compared to the preoperative level, decreased volume of RF and G-max, and increased IC/RF ratio were observed at postoperative 3 months (all with P < .05). Both G-med/min and G-max presented decreased volume at postoperative 6 months (all with P < .05). G-med/min presented decreased volume (P = .001) at postoperative 12 months. Changes in RF at postoperative 3 months and 12 months were positively related to improvement of iHOT-12 (Beta = 0.371, P = .012 and Beta = 0.330, P = .026, respectively). Changes in IC at postoperative 6-month was positively related to improvement of mHHS (Beta = 0.367, P = .027) and iHOT-12 (Beta = 0.315, P = .044).ConclusionDuring the initial first year following arthroscopic treatment for FAIS, decreased volume of the RF and gluteal muscles was observed. Early changes in volume of RF and IC were positively correlated to the improvement of minimum 2-year PROs.Level of evidenceLevel IV; case series.

The unusual location of primary hydatid cyst: A case series study.

Cystic echinococcosis mainly affects the liver and lungs, in which the larvae from the microvascular wall in the liver pass to the lungs and then to the blood circulation and settle in any tissue or organ. The objective of this study was to report the unusual location of hydatid cysts in infected patients in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq. This retrospective case series study enrolled 13 patients. They underwent a surgical operation to excise their cyst after confirmed diagnosis with blood investigations, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (when needed). After the operation, the cyst was confirmed with histopathological examination, and patients were advised to take an Albendazole tablet. Most patients were females from rural areas, with a mean age of 38.93 ± 14.4 years. Patients presented with cysts on the skin of the anterior abdominal wall, gluteal region, mesenteric area, pericardium, tibia bone meta diaphysis, right inguinal region, right thigh, skin of the anterior neck, spleen, left suprarenal gland, right breast, and the iliopsoas muscle. The hydatid cyst can affect any body part with no site immune and often produces nonspecific symptoms.

Comparing the efficacy of exercise therapy on adult flexible flatfoot individuals through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of different exercise interventions for adult flexible flatfoot. Nine databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), SCOPUS, PRDro, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Wanfang data) were systematically searched from their inception until February 2024. The search resulted in 2112 records, with 11 studies included. All networks revealed low heterogeneity and non-significant inconsistency (I2 ≤ 25.0%). Three network plots were formed for navicular drop. Firstly, compared with the control group, strengthening the posterior tibial muscle + stretching the iliopsoas muscle + TCE (MD: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.78, 4.89), PNF (MD: 1.81, 95%CI: -0.05, 3.70), SFE (MD: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.44) all showed better effects. And strengthening the posterior tibial muscle + stretching the iliopsoas muscle + TCE exercise is considered to be the most effective intervention, with SUCRA of 0.97. Secondly, compared with the control group, hip-focused neuromuscular exercise (MD: 6.22, 95% CI: -1.69, 14.12), SFE with EMG biofeedback (MD: -0.81, 95%CI: -1.59, 3.21) all showed better effects. And hip-focused neuromuscular exercise is considered to be the most effective intervention, with SUCRA of 0.92. Thirdly, the internal foot muscle training combined with gluteus muscle strengthening is significantly better than the other two groups, with SUCRA of 0.99. For the foot posture index, comprehensive reinforcement (MD: 1.95, 95% CI − 0.19, 4.03) showed better effects compared with the control group. In the probability ranking table, comprehensive reinforcement is significantly better than the other two groups, with SUCRA of 0.98. For the foot function index, orthoses wear + stretching + eccentric progressive resistive exercise of tibialis posterior is significantly better than the other two groups, with SUCRA of 0.92. In conclusion, various exercise therapies improve the arch shape and function of patients with flexible flatfoot, particularly hip muscle and lower limb overall muscle training.

The median effective concentration of ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided anterior iliopsoas muscle space block in the elderly undergoing hip surgery: a dose-finding study.

In order to improve perioperative pain and reduce the adverse outcome of severe pain in elderly hip fractures, anterior iliopsoas muscle space block (AIMSB) can be used clinically to reduce pain. The aim of the study is to investigate the 50% effective concentration (EC50) of ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided anterior iliopsoas space block in elderly with hip fracture. A total of 27 patients were enrolled with aged ≥65 years, American society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification II-III and undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). We measured the EC50 using Dixon's up-and-down method. Ultrasound-guided AIMSB was performed preoperatively with an initial concentration of 0.2% in the first patient. After a successful or unsuccessful postoperative analgesia, the concentration of local anesthetic was decreased or increased 0.05%, respectively in the next patient. The successful block effect was defined as no sensation to pinprick in the area with femoral nerve, obturator nerve, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in 30 min. Meanwhile, the EC50 of ropivacaine was determined by using linear model, linear-logarithmic model, probit regression model, and centered isotonic regression. A total of 12 patients (48%) had a successful block. All patients with a successful block had a postoperative visual analog scale score of <4 in the 12 h. The estimated EC50 values in linear model, linear-logarithmic model, probit regression model, and centered isotonic regression (a nonparametric method) were 0.268%, 0.259%, 0.277%, and 0.289%. The residual standard error of linear model was the smallest (0.1245). The EC50 of ropivacaine in anterior iliopsoas space block under ultrasound guidance is 0.259-0.289%.

PRIMARY TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY USING CUSTOM-MADE ACETABULAR IMPLANTS IN PATIENTS WITH CROWE IV DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP

Literature data show varying rates of aseptic loosening of standard hemispherical cups after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). In order to improve the results regarding the frequency of aseptic loosening of the acetabular component, we decided to use custom-made acetabular implants (CMAI) in this category of patients. The aim of our study was to report outcomes after primary THA using CMAI in patients with Crowe IV DDH.We retrospectively analyzed the results of primary THA using the CMAI in 58 hips. The mean follow-up period was 5.2 years (range 4.2 – 6.3).Patients demonstrated improved functional outcomes according to the Oxford Hip Score: preoperatively 16.9 and postoperatively 38.5 (P &lt; 0.05). Revisions were performed in 2 cases due to dislocations, in 1 case due to nonunion of the greater trochanter and in 1 case due to chronic pain syndrome caused by contact of the CMAI flange with the iliopsoas muscle. In a patient with chronic pain syndrome, during the revision, the pubic flange of the CMAI, which was in contact with the iliopsoas muscle, was removed. There were no radiological signs of loosening of the CMAI.The use of CMAI shows good results in patients with DDH. Extended capability for supplementary screw fixation is an excellent feature of such implants, allowing them to obtain reliable primary fixation. Further observation is required to assess CMAI in the long-term follow-up.

Giant Atypical Spindle Cell Lipomatous Tumor of Retroperitoneal Origin Presenting with Lung Metastasis and Extension to the Thigh: A Case Report with Literature Review

AbstractRetroperitoneal liposarcomas are rare, and their variants, atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor (ASCLT), are rarer. Though ASCLTs are benign, they have high recurrence despite complete surgical excision. We present a rare case of a 22-year-old male presented with insidious-onset, and gradually progressive swelling over left inguinofemoral, and iliac fossa region. Also, the patients had a history of weight loss, pricking-type pain radiating to left lower limb, and breathlessness on exertion. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen revealed a large well-defined heterogeneously enhancing soft mass located in pelvis, and involving left-sided iliopsoas muscle suggestive of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma and CECT thorax showed metastasis. The CT-guided core biopsy led to the definitive diagnosis of low-grade ASCLT. Subsequently, the patient was initiated on concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by complete surgical excision. The findings in this report make it critical to enhance our understanding of this rare tumor, with surgery being the best treatment option.

Association between cup fixation screw and iliopsoas impingement after total hip arthroplasty

BackgroundIliopsoas impingement after total hip arthroplasty can result not only from acetabular cup but also from cup fixation screw. However, research addressing this screw impingement is scarce, leaving the details undetermined. This study aimed to elucidate the incidence and threshold of symptomatic iliopsoas impingement attributable to protrusion of the cup fixation screw into the iliopsoas muscle and to evaluate its impact on postoperative radiographic imaging findings and patient-reported outcome measures. MethodsA total of 152 hips were included in this study. The symptomatic threshold of screw protrusion was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve, and patients were divided into low-protrusion and high-protrusion groups using this threshold. The area and Hounsfield Unit values of the iliopsoas muscle on CT and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire postoperatively were investigated. Findings10 hips (6.5%) were exhibited symptoms of IPI in this series. The threshold for screw protrusion length was identified as 6.4 mm. Patients in the high protrusion group exhibited significantly larger area and lower Hounsfield Unit values of the iliopsoas muscle. In addition, the high protrusion group revealed significantly lower scores (total, pain, movement, mental). Furthermore, subscales scores (pain, movement) in the high protrusion group didn't improve from 3 months to 12 months postoperatively with significance. InterpretationThis study underscores the imperative for surgeons to consider the length of the cup fixation screw. This careful consideration is crucial for mitigating the incidence of postoperative iliopsoas impingement and enhancing total hip arthroplasty outcomes.

Salmonellosis osteomyelitis of the pelvic bones in adolescent: a case report

Salmonellosis osteomyelitis is a rare form of extraintestinal salmonellosis in children that occurs against the background of sepsis. This article presents observation of salmonellosis osteomyelitis in a previously healthy 17-year-old patient. The patient experienced pain in the right lower limb with restriction of its mobility. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bone-destructive changes in the lumbosacral spine. Thrombocytopenia progressed to 60×109/l. In the oncohematologic domain, secondary character of thrombocytopenia was established, and iliac–lumbar muscle abscesses were found. The child was transferred to a surgical hospital, and sepsis, osteomyelitis of the right lateral mass of the sacrum, right-sided sacroiliitis, abscess of the right iliopsoas muscle, bilateral polysegmental pneumonia, and bilateral pleuritic were diagnosed. Surgical opening and drainage of the abscess of the lumbosacral muscle was performed. The study of abscess secretion detected Salmonella gr. B Chester, a resistance gene to penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Therapy with off-label ciprofloxacin at 400 mg with pronounced positive dynamics. Cases of treatment of patients with atypical forms of salmonellosis show the need for further accumulation of experience, modification of treatment protocols, and verification of pathogens at an early stage for greater therapy effectiveness.

A Cross-sectional Study on Association of Iliopsoas Muscle Length with Lumbar Lordosis Among Desk Job Workers

Background: Prolonged hours of sitting in sustained posture is a common job requirement of desk job workers. Potential risk of iliopsoas muscle shortening leading to lumbar hyperlordosis, which in turn may cause low-back pain was identified. Thus, this study determined association between iliopsoas muscle length and lumbar lordosis in desk job workers. Methods and Material: This cross-sectional study was conducted on forty-six desk job workers working for 5 hrs/day for at least 5 years. Workers were assessed for iliopsoas muscle length using Modified Thomas test and flexi-ruler was used to measure lumbar lordosis. Pearson’s correlation was operated for association of iliopsoas length with lumbar lordosis. Results: Lumbar lordosis demonstrated moderate positive correlation with both right (r = 0.628) and left Iliopsoas muscle length (r = 0.647). Conclusion: This study concluded workers with higher degree of lumbar lordosis presented with shorter iliopsoas length. Timely intervention to maintain the length of this muscle will ensure low incidence of low-back pain among desk job workers thereby safeguarding their spine due to cumulative trauma.

Assessment of function and muscle strength after endoscopic iliopsoas tenotomy to treat iliopsoas impingement after total hip arthroplasty.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome during follow-up (FU) after endoscopic tenotomy for iliopsoas (IP)-cup impingement and to quantitatively analyze the hip flexion strength. This was a monocentric, retrospective cohort study of a single surgeon series. Functional assessment was based on the modified Harris score, the Oxford score and the visual analog scale score. Strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer in the sitting and lying position. Thirty-six IP tenotomies for cup impingement were performed between May 2013 and November 2021. Seven (19%) patients were lost to FU. At the time of tenotomy, the mean (standard deviation) age was 62,6 (12,2) and BMI was 26,5 (4,1). The mean FU time after tenotomy to the last FU was 3,6 (0,8) years. All three outcome scores improved from preoperatively to six months postoperatively (p < 0.001). There were no significant change from six months to last FU. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the modified Harris score was set at 25. 20 (69%) patients had values that exceeded the threshold at one month and six months and neutral 19 (65.5%) had values that exceeded the threshold at the last FU. The limp symmetry index concerning hip flexion strength was 63% at 90° and 40% at 30° at the last FU. Most patients significantly improved their outcome scores after endoscopic iliopsoas tenotomy, with results remaining consistently stable over time. Despite a significant loss in hip flexion strength, the majority of patients did not report any impairment of their quality of life. Level III, Retrospective cohort study.

Effects of whole-body vibration training on lower extremity muscle strength and physical function in elderly patients with sarcopenia

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the feasibility and benefits of WBV training in enhancing muscle strength and physical performance in older inpatients with sarcopenia. Methods We included 40 patients with sarcopenia (mean age 85 years; age range 80~90 years) and randomly separated into the WBV group or control (CON) group. The WBV group underwent 8 weeks of conventional rehabilitation training combined with WBV, whereas the CON group received 8 weeks of conventional rehabilitation training alone. The primary outcome was maximal isometric muscle strength. The secondary outcomes were the time-up-and-go test (TUGT), the five-times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), the 6-m gait speed test, and the Morse Fall Scale (MFS). Results After an 8-week intervention, only the quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles in the CON group showed substantial gains in strength. In the WBV group, significant increases were observed in iliopsoas (P&lt;0.05), quadriceps (P&lt;0.01), hamstring(P&lt;0.01), and tibialis anterior muscle (P&lt;0.01) respectively. For all physical performance assessments, improvements were observed in both CON and WBV groups (P&lt;0.05), the improvement in the WBC group was greater than the CON group (P&lt;0.05). However, there was no significant difference in fall risk between the two groups (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion This result highlights a eight weeks of whole-body vibration training can increase the lower-limb muscular strength and physical performance of older inpatients with sarcopenia.

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting heterotopic ossification following spinal cord injury

ObjectiveHeterotopic ossification (HO) following spinal cord injury (SCI) can severely compromise patient mobility and quality of life. Precise identification of SCI patients at an elevated risk for HO is crucial for implementing early clinical interventions. While the literature presents diverse correlations between HO onset and purported risk factors, the development of a predictive model to quantify these risks is likely to bolster preventive approaches. This study is designed to develop and validate a nomogram-based predictive model that estimates the likelihood of HO in SCI patients, utilizing recognized risk factors to expedite clinical decision-making processes. MethodsWe recruited a total of 145 patients with SCI and presenting with HO who were hospitalized at the China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Boai Hospital, from June 2016 to December 2022. Additionally, 337 patients with SCI without HO were included as controls. Comprehensive data were collected for all study participants, and subsequently, the dataset was randomly partitioned into training and validation groups. Using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression, variables were meticulously screened during the pretreatment phase to formulate the predictive model. The efficacy of the model was then assessed using metrics including receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, calibration assessment, and decision curve analysis. ResultsThe final prediction model incorporated age, sex, complete spinal cord injury status, spasm occurrence, and presence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Notably, the model exhibited commendable performance in both the training and validation groups, as evidenced by areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of 0.756 and 0.738, respectively. These values surpassed the AUCs obtained for single variables, namely age (0.636), sex (0.589), complete spinal cord injury (0.681), spasm occurrence (0.563), and DVT presence (0.590). Furthermore, the calibration curve illustrated a congruence between the predicted and actual outcomes, indicating the high accuracy of the model. The decision curve analysis indicated substantial net benefits associated with the application of the model, thereby underscoring its practical utility. ConclusionsHO following SCI correlates with several identifiable risk factors, including male gender, youthful age, complete SCI, spasm occurrence and DVT. Our predictive model effectively estimates the likelihood of HO development by leveraging these factors, assisting physicians in identifying patients at high risk. Subsequently, correct positioning to prevent spasm-related deformities and educating healthcare providers on safe lower limb mobilization techniques are crucial to minimize muscle injury risks from rapid iliopsoas muscle extension. Additionally, the importance of early DVT prevention through routine screening and anticoagulation is emphasized to further reduce the incidence of HO.

An unusual occurrence of a four-headed psoas major: a case report.

While many structures within the human body demonstrate anatomical variations, this is not typically the case for the iliopsoas muscle complex. However, the present paper describes a case of an anomalous psoas major composed of four different muscular heads in a 78-year-old male cadaver. During a routine dissection of the right posterior abdominal wall, an unusual psoas major was observed, measured and photographed. The psoas major was found to possess four muscular heads, otherwise the anatomy of the wall was normal. The presence of so many heads could interfere with the functions of the psoas major muscle. Therefore this anatomical variation merits further study.

Right iliopsoas kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: a case report

BackgroundKaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin. It may involve skin, bone, connective tissue, and parenchymal organs, and it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis in the early stage because Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon may occur in some cases.Case presentationOn June 12, 2022, a 19-month boy was admitted to our department with the chief complaint of flexion of the right hip joint for over 1 year. An exploratory laparotomy and pelvic lesion resection were conducted and the resection of the iliopsoas muscle mass was performed. The intraoperative resection of the neoplasm confirmed the pathological diagnosis of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. The vital signs of the child were stable and recovered well after surgery, and the platelet and coagulation indices were normal.ConclusionKHE is a rare disease in clinics, the number of confirmed cases in the world is still relatively few, and the etiology and mechanism of the disease are still unknown, which could result in misdiagnose and delayed treatment in the disease early stages. It is necessary to continue to collect relevant cases, to unify the standard treatment guidelines as soon as possible, to reduce the mortality rate, and to improve the quality of life of the cases.