Ileocaecal Tuberculosis Research Articles

Clinico-patho-radiological study of mass in the right iliac fossa

Abstract Background: Sparse recent data are available regarding the aetiological causes of the right iliac fossa (RIF) mass from Andhra Pradesh. Methods: We prospectively studied the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of consecutive cases (n = 100) presenting to our tertiary care teaching hospital with a RIF mass over 2 years. Results: Majority of RIF masses were seen in the third and fourth decades of life, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.8:1; 64% of the cases were due to appendicular pathology (appendicular mass [48%] and appendicular abscess [16%]), followed by ileocaecal tuberculosis (TB) (12%) and carcinoma caecum (10%) among others. Carcinoma caecum was more common in males (70%) as compared to females (30%). The majority (78%) were managed surgically; 4% died. Post-operative complications included wound infection and respiratory tract infection. Conclusions: Our observations suggest that appendicular pathology, ileocaecal TB and carcinoma caecum are common aetiological causes for RIF mass. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography will facilitate early localisation.

Value of ileo-ascending colic end to side anastomosis after ileocaecal resection.

Objective: To assess the outcome of end to side Ileo-Ascending Colic anastomosis in patients undergoing emergency and elective Ileo-Caecal resection in non-malignant cases. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Surgery at Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: January, 2018 to December, 2020. Material & Methods: A Total of 40 patients with ileo-caecal benign pathology presenting with generalized peritonitis and intestinal obstruction were studied. All patients underwent laparotomy either in emergency or as planned procedure. After dealing with the primary pathology an end to side ileo-ascending colic anastomosis was performed in all cases. Cases of ileo-caecal disease that required an ileostomy or underwent ileo-transverse colic anastomosis were excluded from the study. Anastomosis was performed in conventional two layers with vicryl 3/0. Variables studied were; indication for surgery, per-operative findings and post-operative complications like anastomotic leakage, surgical site infection, burst abdomen and systemic sepsis. Data was analyzed on SPSS (v 26). Results: There were 30 females (75%) and 10 male patients (25%). Age range was 18-72 years with mean age 43.62 years. Common clinical indication of surgery was intestinal obstruction 11 cases (27.5%) followed by generalized peritonitis 10 cases (25%) and trauma 9 cases (22.5%). Post-operative diagnosis in most patients was ileo-caecal tuberculosis 14 cases (35%) followed by trauma to ileo-caecal region 9 cases (22.5%). Anastomotic leakage occurred in 1 patient (2.5%) who underwent second look laparotomy and re-anastomosis. Surgical site infection occurred in 3 cases (7.5%). There was one fatality (2.5%) due to uncontrolled systemic sepsis. Conclusion: An end to side ileo- ascending colic anastomosis in conventional two layers is a safe and reliable procedure after emergency or planned ileo-caecal resection. It saves the patient from ileostomy, preserves colonic length and avoids formation of blind loop.

Pancreatic Tuberculosis Mimicking a Mass: A Case Report

Tuberculosis, a preventable and curable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide. Organs commonly affected are lungs and extrapulmonary organs like lymph nodes, meninges, bones, genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract. Ileocaecal tuberculosis is the commonest form of the gastrointestinal tract. Disseminated infection can involve almost all organs in the body but isolated pancreatic tuberculosis is rarely reported in the literature. Hereby,we report a case of a young female presenting with abdominal pain and further evaluation with imaging revealed pancreatic mass raising suspicion of malignancy. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided FNAC of pancreatic mass surprisingly revealed necrotizing granulomatous lesions favoring tuberculosis. This was further supported by the complete resolution of the mass with Antituberculous Therapy (ATT). What is important: All pancreatic masses are not malignant. Infectious causes like tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis which is curable by medication. With a high index of suspicion and adequate workup, unnecessary invasive procedures can be avoided.
 

A Clinico - Ultrasonological Study on Preoperative Evaluation of Right Iliac Fossa Mass

BACKGROUND
 Right iliac fossa mass, a common condition, needs accurate arrival of diagnosis since management of each condition differs. Ultrasound is a quick, non-invasive test that has bridged the gap between palpation and direct visualization. The role of ultrasound in preoperative evaluation proves to be essential as it enables the surgeon to diagnose and treat the pathology with accuracy thereby obviating the need for further investigations. We wanted to evaluate the role of ultrasound in preoperative evaluation of right iliac fossa mass.
 METHODS
 A prospective study of 60 patients with clinically diagnosed RIF mass was done. Ultrasound examination by 5 and 7.5 MHz transducers was done and the clinical, radiological findings and final diagnosis were compared.
 RESULTS
 In our study, vast majority of the cases (50 %) presented with appendicular mass, 24 % presented with appendicular abscess, ileocaecal tuberculosis 17 %, carcinoma caecum 7%, psoas abscess 1 % and ileal lymphadenopathy 1 %. The appendicular abscess was common in 15-20 years, appendicular mass in 21-40 years, ileocaecal tuberculosis in 41-50 years, carcinoma caecum was in > 50 years, psoas abscess in 21-30 years, and ileal lymphadenopathy in 20-34 years of age. Ultrasound was able to find out the bowel thickening with target sign and pseudo kidney sign in ileo-caecal tuberculosis and carcinoma caecum with moderate specificity. Psoas abscesses were confirmed with ultrasound.
 CONCLUSIONS
 Appendicular pathology constituted a majority of cases. The ultrasound was able to detect appendicular abscesses with high sensitivity and specificity. It is an adjuvant diagnostic tool in cases of ileocaecal tuberculosis and carcinoma caecum. Ultrasound helped in the early assessment of the patient, enhanced the treatment effectiveness thereby reducing the morbidity and enabled early surgical intervention whenever necessary. Ultrasound, a non-invasive radiological imaging without any exposure to radiation with excellent results is an ideal first-line imaging modality in the preoperative evaluation of RIF mass.

Clinical Study of Pain in Right Iliac Fossa

Background: To study the clinical profile of pain in right iliac fossa.
 Methods: 100 patients with signs and symptoms of right iliac fossa mass admitted in Hospital were identified and were studied by taking detailed clinical history, physical examination and were subjected to various investigations like x ray erect abdomen, chest x-ray, contrast x-ray .
 Result: In this study of out of 100 cases, 71.00% of cases were related to appendicular pathology either in the form of appendicular mass or appendicular abscess. There were 9.00% cases of Ileocaecal tuberculosis.
 Conclusion: Appendicular lump remains the most common cause for right iliac fossa pain. Ileocaecal tuberculosis is one of the most important differential diagnoses for pain abdomen.
 Keywords: Appendicitis, , Right Iliac Fossa Mass, Pain

Not only appendicitis! Transabdominal ultrasound detects a variety of pathology in the iliac fossae

Patients presenting with iliac fossae pain are common cases in Emergency Departments. The clinical picture for a wide variation of pathologies is often non-specific and encompasses a wide differential diagnosis, resulting in a diagnostic dilemma. Ultrasound (US) is usually the first imaging examination to be performed. Its use for diagnosing acute appendicitis has already been proved, however it is also useful for most of the pathological entities in this area. US is practical, safe, cheap and plays an important role in the recognition, diagnosis and monitoring of many gastrointestinal and gynaecological diseases located in the iliac fossae. In this pictorial essay, we present cases in which US was used to diagnose appendicitis, Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis, pelvic abscess, epiploic appendagitis, inguinal hernia, intussusception, pelvic congestion syndrome, ovarian torsion, haemorrhagic ovarian cyst, ectopic pregnancy, iliac fossa haematoma, mesenteric adenitis, Meckel’s diverticulum complications, omental infarction and ileocaecal tuberculosis. We focus on highlighting the use of US for imaging pathology in the iliac fossae and assess its role in comparison to plain radiographs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance, when these modalities are performed.

CLINICAL STUDY OF PAIN IN RIGHT ILIAC FOSSA

Background: A mass in the right iliac fossa is a common diagnostic problem encountered in clinical practice, requiring skill in diagnosis.
 Methods: 100 patients with signs and symptoms of right iliac fossa mass admitted in Hospital were identified and were studied by taking detailed clinical history, physical examination and were subjected to various investigations like x ray erect abdomen, chest x-ray, contrast x-ray .
 Result: In this study of out of 100 cases, 65.00% of cases were related to appendicular pathology either in the form of appendicular mass or appendicular abscess. There were 12.00% cases of ileocaecal tuberculosis.
 Conclusion: Appendicular lump remains the most common cause for right iliac fossa pain. Ileocaecal tuberculosis is one of the most important differential diagnoses for pain abdomen.
 Keywords: Appendicular Mass, Ileocaecal Tuberculosis, Carcinoma Caecum, Right Iliac Fossa Mass.

PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS IN CASES OF ACUTE ABDOMEN AT VMMC & SAFDARJUNG HOSPITAL, NEW DELHI

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Intestinal Tuberculosis in cases of Acute abdomen. Design & Duration: A randomized prospective study from August 2019 to July 2020. Setting: Department of Surgery, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. Patients: A total number of 200 patients with Acute Abdomen, who presented as intestinal obstruction or peritonitis. Methodology: Detailed data of each patient including presentation, operative findings, procedure performed, post operative outcome and histopathology was entered on a specially designed proforma, compiled and analyzed. Results: Among the 200 patients with acute abdomen, 32 (16%) had Intestinal Tuberculosis on the basis of operative findings and histopatholoigcal reports. Age of the patients ranged between 15 to 65 years; majority (75%) were in the age group of 20 to 40 years. Male to female ratio was 1:0.45. Twelve (37.5%) patients had evidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis as well on X-ray chest. The commonest operative findings were hyperplastic ileocaecal tuberculosis (34.3%), followed by strictures (25%), and perforations (25%). The overall mortality in cases of acute abdomen was 6% and among tubercular patients 9.3%. Conclusion: Intestinal Tuberculosis is a common problem presenting to general surgical units in the developing countries, often in an acute form. A high index of suspicion, proper evaluation and therapeutic trial in suspected patients is essential for an early diagnosis, in order to minimize complications.

Clinical Study of Right Iliac Fossa Mass Pathology At: Central Vidarbha Region

One of the most common problems experienced in surgical practice, which challenges the surgeon and needs the ability to diagnose through knowing the anatomy and pathological process that can occur inside the abdomen, is a mass in the right iliac fossa. The purpose of this research was to examine clinical appearance, differential diagnosis and treatment methods for patients with the right iliac fossa.Study was carried out in the Dept. of General Surgery at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (M), Wardha , Maharashtra , between August 2018 to December 2019. 43 patients with signs and symptoms of right iliac fossa mass were studied by taking detailed clinical history, physical examination, and were subjected to various investigations.In the present study appendicular mass constituted 60.46%, appendicular abscess 09.30% ,ileocaecal tuberculosis 06.97 % , carcinoma caecum 13.95 % , intussusseption02.32%. Patients presented with constitutional symptoms like pain , fever , vomiting , weight loss.Appendicular lump remains the most common entity in right iliac fossa mass patients. Ileocaecal tuberculosis is one of the most common differential diagnosis to be considered for pain abdomen evaluation in rural population. Conservative treatment followed by interval appendicectomy remains the main management modality in appendicular lump. The rare cause of mass in right iliac fossa as intussusception should be kept in mind.

RIGHT ILIAC FOSSA LESIONS CLINICAL PROFILE AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Introduction: Around 5 to 10 % of every gastrointestinal puncturing (barring supplement holes) have been accounted for to be because of tuberculosis. Caecal carcinoma is progressively normal in individuals of the high financial gathering who utilize less stringy eating regimen. Neighborhood control keeps on being a huge issue in the administration of retroperitoneal sarcoma. Objectives of study were to assess the most well-known reason for right iliac fossa lesion, mode of presentation, and various modalities of investigations, treatment, and prognosis what's more, to recognize the factors this can help in better administration of these cases. Methods A hospital based planned study was finished .with 50 patients to evaluate right iliac fossa lesions - its clinical profile and it‘s Management. 50 patients who are having right iliac fossa lesions either clinically or on Ultrasonography of the abdomen were included. Patients less than 12 years and more than 75 years were excluded. Results The most common disease in our investigation was appendicular mass (40%) followed by appendicular abscess (30%), iliopsoas abscess (10%), Ileocaecal tuberculosis (8%) and carcinoma cecum (6%). The most elevated number of cases (46%) was in the 21–30 years age group, 11 patients (55%) had a background marked by less than 1 week, and Tachycardia was present in all the patients (100%). On an average 200 ml of pus was drained. Ileocaecal tuberculosis represented for 8% of all the cases in this study. Conclusion The overall incidence seems to be higher in males. Laparotomy with histopathological assessment of resected biopsy or assessment of ascetic liquid is as often as possible important to set up the finding.

A pitfall in the diagnosis of ileocaecal tuberculosis

A pitfall in the diagnosis of ileocaecal tuberculosis

A clinical study of various presentations of intestinal tuberculosis, evaluation, management and its complications

Background: Abdominal tuberculosis includes tuberculous infection of gastrointestinal tract, mesentery, lymph nodes and omentum, peritoneum and solid organs like liver and spleen. The initial clinical presentations are nonspecific and no single laboratory investigation is pathognomonic. Bacterial culture and tissue histopathology though confirmatory are time consuming, and immunological tests though rewarding is expensive. Moreover, abdominal tuberculosis with an acute abdomen presents as an enormous challenge to the surgeon.Methods: This one-year prospective observational study of 25 patients who presented with intestinal tuberculosis at the Department of General Surgery, NIMRA Medical College from February 2019 to January 2020. The causes of intestinal tuberculosis were determined along with clinical profile and were monitored for outcome based on the morbidity and mortality.Results: Among the 25 patients, all had intestinal tuberculosis on the basis of operative findings and histopatholoigcal reports. Age of the patients ranged between 9 to 70 years; majority (75%) were in the age group of 20 to 40 years. Female to male ratio was 1.7:1. The commonest operative findings were hyperplastic ileocaecal tuberculosis (16%), followed by strictures (20%), and perforations (24%). The overall mortality was 8% due to sepsis and septic shock.Conclusions: Intestinal tuberculosis is a common problem presenting to general surgical units in the developing countries, often in an acute form. A high index of suspicion, proper evaluation and therapeutic trial in suspected patients is essential for an early diagnosis, in order to minimize complications.

Clinico-pathological Evaluation and Outcomes of Emergency Right Hemicolectomies in the HIV Era

Emergency right hemicolectomies (RH) are attended by high morbidity and mortality. A primary ileocolic anastomosis (PA) or stoma may be performed, depending upon clinical risk factors. In HIV/AIDS patients, multiple pathologies involve the ileo-caecal area, and may necessitate a RH. To provide a clinico-pathological evaluation and outcome analysis of emergency RH. A retrospective chart analysis of 55 patients undergoing an emergency RH in two regional referral centres in KwaZulu-Natal, from January 2013 to December 2018, was undertaken. A total of 55 patients, median age 35 (range 12–83 years), underwent emergency RH. Seventeen patients were HIV-positive (30.9%) and 36 HIV-negative (65.5%), while 2 were not tested. A RH with PA was more commonly performed (61.8%). There was a higher rate of metabolic acidosis (p = 0.0046) and inotropic support (p = 0.001) in the RH and ileostomy cohort. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the RH and ileostomy cohort (42.9% vs 14.7%), p = 0.0275. There was a significantly higher rate of RH and ileostomy done in the HIV-positive cohort than in the HIV-negative cohort (58.8% vs 27.7%), p = 0.03. Ileo-caecal tuberculosis was more common in HIV-positive patients (35.3% vs 2.8%), p = 0.003. Overall, complicated appendicitis was the most common indication for RH (38.2%). Emergency RH with ileostomy is performed more often in the physiologically unstable patient and, hence, has a high mortality rate. Ileo-caecal TB is more common in HIV-positive patients leading to a higher ileostomy rate. Complicated appendicitis was the most common indication for emergency RH.

A STUDY ON RIGHT ILIAC FOSSA MASS

Background: Patients with mass in the right iliac fossa may confront the surgeon, pediatrician or gynecologist. Thus, thorough understandings of the anatomy and pathological process that may occur within the abdomen are essential for an accurate diagnosis and plan of treatment.
 Methods: 100 patients with signs and symptoms of right iliac fossa mass admitted Hospital were identified and were studied by taking detailed clinical history, physical examination and were subjected o various investigations like x ray erect abdomen, chest x-ray, contrast x-ray.
 Results: In this study of 100 cases 86 % of cases were related to appendicular pathology either in the form of appendicular mass or appendicular abscess. There were 3 cases of ileocaecal tuberculosis.
 Conclusion: This study showed that appendicular mass is the commonest pathology in right iliac foss.
 Keywords: Appendicular mass, ileocaecal tuberculosis, carcinoma caecum, right iliac fossa mass

A clinical study of aetiology of acute intestinal obstruction

Background: Acute intestinal obstruction is one of common abdominal emergency and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality especially if it progresses to bowel ischemia. The diagnosis and management of the patient with intestinal obstruction is one of the more challenging emergencies that a general surgeon can come across. Although the mortality due to acute intestinal obstruction is decreasing with better understanding of pathophysiology and improvement in diagnostic techniques, fluid and electrolyte correction, much potent anti-microbials but still mortality ranges from 10-15% and more so in developing countries.Methods: The study will be conducted in the department of general surgery with symptoms and signs of acute intestinal obstruction admitted in the surgical ward. Fifty cases of intestinal obstruction have been studied. Patients belonged to all the age groups except infants are included in present study. The criteria for selection of cases was based on clinical history, physical findings, radiological and haematological investigations. The study was divided into clinical study, investigations and treatment. The results are tabulated stressing on following points age, sex, symptoms examination findings, investigations, abnormalities, probable causative factors, operative findings and operative procedure adopted and complications if any.Results: The commonest cause of intestinal obstruction in the adults in this study series was postoperative adhesions (36%) followed by obstructed/strangulated hernia (26%). Malignancy of the large bowel was seen in 9 cases constituting 18% of cases where as incidence of Volvulus of bowel was 4% in this series. Although pulmonary tuberculosis is more prevalent in India due to advent in use of antitubercular drugs incidence of abdominal tuberculosis is becoming less. In present study incidence of ileocaecal tuberculosis was 10%. One case of mesenteric ischaemia was present in our study.Conclusions: Acute intestinal obstruction remains an important surgical emergency in the surgical field. Success in the treatment of acute intestinal obstruction depends largely upon its early diagnosis, skilful management and treating the pathological effects of the obstruction just as much as the cause itself.

Poor communication by health care professionals may lead to life-threatening complications: examples from two case reports

We report two cases which highlight the fact how poor communication leads to dangerously poor health outcome. We present the case of a 50-year-old woman recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis from Southern Nepal presented to Patan hospital with multiple episodes of vomiting and oral ulcers following the intake of methotrexate every day for 11 days, who was managed in the intensive care unit. Similarly, we present a 40-year-old man with ileo-caecal tuberculosis who was prescribed with anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) and prednisolone, who failed to take ATT due to poor communication and presented to Patan Hospital with features of disseminated tuberculosis following intake of 2 weeks of prednisolone alone. These were events that could have been easily prevented with proper communication skills. Improvement of communication between doctors and patients is paramount so that life-threatening events like these could be avoided.

A Single Case Study on treatment of Ileocaecal Tuberculous Sinus with Kadali Kshara Varti

Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon affliction in adolescence. It is usually associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The disease is caused by lymphohaematogenous spread after primary infection in the lung or ingestion of infected sputum and has a typically nonspecific presentation. The occurrence of ileocaecal TB is probably from the contiguous spread of an abdominal focus or mesenteric lymph node. Ileocaecal TB is a rare entity, with very few reported cases in the literature. We report here a case of abdominal TB that manifested in the infection of an abdominal wall resulting in sinus at inguinal region and there by highlighting the Ayurvedic management of abdominal sinus by the use of Kshara Varti. Kshara Varti is the chief modality in the treatment in the Ayurvedic science and has been explained in Nadivrana.

Clinical study of right iliac fossa mass: experience at a rural hospital

Background: Objectives of present study was to study the clinical profile, different modalities of investigation and various modes of management for Right Iliac Fossa (RIF) mass at a rural hospital, A.V.B.R.H.Methods: Total 86 cases of RIF mass were studied prospectively for 4 years from August 2013 to September 2017. Patients above the age of 10 years presenting with a mass in RIF associated with acute/chronic abdominal conditions and incidentaly found mass in RIF on examination and investigation were included in the study. Patients with abdominal wall/bony swellings of the region and gynaecological causes of RIF mass were excluded. After detailed history and clinical examination, patients were subjected for different investigations to establish pathological diagnosis and treated accordingly.Results: 69.76% cases with RIF mass were related to appendicular pathology. Of these 60.48% were appendicular mass and 9.3% were appendicular abscess. 13.95% cases were Carcinoma Caecum, 6.97% cases were Ileo-caecal Tuberculosis, 6.97% were of ilio-psoas abscess and 2.32% cases were of Intusussception. Mean age of RIF mass was 37.41 years with a male preponderence of 1.4:1. Pain in abdomen was the commonest symptom. 16.28%(14) cases were treated conservatively and 83.72%(72) were treated surgically.Conclusions: Most common cause of RIF mass is appendicular lump (60.46%) among various other pathologies. Pain in abdomen is the commonest presenting symptom. Interval appendectomy should be considered essential as the incidence of recurrence of appendicitis and mass formation is high after conservative treatment. Detailed history and thorough clinical examination is of utmost importance to reach the correct clinico-pathological diagnosis of RIF mass.

A study on right iliac fossa mass

Background: Patients with mass in the right iliac fossa may confront the surgeon, pediatrician or gynecologist. Thus, thorough understandings of the anatomy and pathological process that may occur within the abdomen are essential for an accurate diagnosis and plan of treatment. The objective of this study was to interpret aetiopathology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and management of mass in the right iliac fossa.Methods: A total of 60 cases with mass in the right iliac fossa (RIF) were included in the study. Investigations like colonoscopy and CT scan were done. All the cases underwent right hemicolectomy followed by chemotheraphy. Other cases like psoas abscess, non-hodgkins lymphoma, Meckels diverticulum and intussusception were diagnosed and treated.Results: During this study period, a total number of 36 cases of appendicular mass and 10 cases of appendicular abscess were encountered. In this study 10 cases of appendicular abscess were encountered and treated by extraperitoneal drainage, 4 cases of ileocaecal kochs were encountered. Patients presented with constitutional symptoms like pain, fever, weight loss etc. Right hemicolectomy was done, specimens after operative procedures were examined microscopically and histopathological diagnosis. 3 cases of carcinoma caecum and 3 cases of carcinoma ascending colon were seen. Contrast enema was done which showed filling defect and mucosal irregularities.Conclusions: This study showed that appendicular mass is the commonest pathology in right iliac fossa amongst all and conservative treatment followed by interval appendicectomy is the best mode of treatment. Carcinoma of the colon and ileocaecal tuberculosis is the other two common causes for mass in the right iliac fossa. These cases also carry a good prognosis, if properly diagnosed and treated. The other rare causes of mass in the right iliac fossa are intussusception, psoas abscess and Non Hodgkins lymphoma.

Evaluation of various symptoms in subjects with mass in right iliac fossa

Background:Mass in right iliac fossa is a very common condition a surgeon will come across in day to day practise. This study was aimed at assessing various symptoms with which subjects with mass in right iliac fossa present to clinician.Methods: 50 eligible subjects admitted in K. R. Hospital who were diagnosed to have mass in right iliac fossa clinically or radiologically were selected after informed valid consent. A proper history, thorough clinical examination and relevant investigations were done to diagnose the pathology. Various symptoms were assessed.Results:In our study, the various conditions which presented as mass in right iliac fossa were appendicular mass (42%), appendicular abscess (16%), ileocaecal tuberculosis (24%), carcinoma caecum (14%), ileopsoas abscess (4%). Various symptoms with which subjects presented were pain abdomen (88%), fever (78%), vomiting (30%), mass per abdomen (28%), weight loss (38%), bleeding per rectum (12%) and bowel disturbances (16%). Appendicular pathology was most common cause in younger age group and carcinoma caecum and ileocaecal TB was more prevalent in older age group.Conclusions:Various symptoms with which subjects presented were pain abdomen, fever, vomiting, mass per abdomen, weight loss, bleeding per rectum and bowel disturbances. Pain abdomen was the most common symptom in subjects with mass in right iliac fossa. Mass per abdomen as a symptom was found in 28% of the subjects.