Ilam University Research Articles

The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome After Cesarean and Natural Delivery in Southwest Iran, 2021 - 2022

Background: The prevalence of abdominal obesity appears to vary depending on the mode of delivery. Abdominal obesity is the most common manifestation of metabolic syndrome and plays a significant role in diagnosing metabolic disorders. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether the mode of childbirth is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: A total of 350 women who had either an elective cesarean section (CS) or natural vaginal delivery (NVD) at least three years ago were included in this cross-sectional study. The sample was recruited from the integrated health system (Sib) affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences in southwest Iran, 2020 - 2021, using cluster randomization. Metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the 2005 revised NCEP ATP III criteria. Descriptive data were presented as means (standard deviations, SD) or frequencies (%). A t-test was used for comparison between groups, and logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate odds ratios (ORs). Results: Metabolic syndrome was found in 18.29% of women in the NVD group and 30.29% in the elective CS group. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that breastfeeding duration (P < 0.001) and NVD (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of MetS among mothers. Each additional month of breastfeeding was shown to reduce the likelihood of MetS by 30%. The results also demonstrated that NVD had a protective effect against MetS (Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR): 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34 - 0.97, P = 0.04) after adjusting for age and breastfeeding duration. Conclusions: Women with a history of CS were found to have a higher prevalence of MetS than those in the NVD group. This suggests that the mode of delivery may play a role in the development of MetS after childbirth. Therefore, obstetricians and midwives should consider the potential risk of disorders such as MetS when deciding on elective cesarean sections.

A survey of the Attitudes of Students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences Toward Electronic Tests

Background: Electronic tests are one of the consequences of the influence of technology in education. Given the pivotal role of students, an awareness of their attitudes toward electronic tests can help improve the quality of these tests. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes of students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences toward electronic tests. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 205 students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences in western Iran in 2021. The students were selected through multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using a demographic information form and a researcher-made questionnaire to examine students’ attitudes toward electronic tests. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software. Results: The data showed that 51.4% of the students had positive attitudes about the use of electronic tests, 31.0% had negative attitudes, and 17.6% of the students had no opinion. Furthermore, 61.7% of students had relatively positive attitudes toward the structure and system of electronic tests, 41.4% were positive about the compatibility of tests with the teaching model and the nature of their fields of study, 55.8% expressed positive views about test security and its stressors, 44.4% of the students proposed solutions to improve the quality of electronic tests, and 53.6% of the students had moderately positive attitudes toward electronic tests compared to paper and pencil tests. Conclusion: The findings suggested that more than half of the students had positive attitudes toward electronic tests and their five dimensions. Accordingly, educational managers and planners need to develop a suitable framework and set requirements for improving the electronic infrastructure for administering electronic tests.

The relationship professional commitment and ethics with patient rights: a cross-sectional descriptive study

BackgroundEthical behavior of health workers is an important part of health services. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between ethics and professional commitment and its relationship with the level of respect for patient rights in medical students.Material & methodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with the participation of nursing, midwifery and emergency medicine students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done by stratified random method. The data was collected using Demographic, Professional Commitment, Professional ethics and a researcher made questioner on compliance with patient rights questionnaires.Results300 students were participated. The results showed that the average score of professional ethics in middle school students is high (64.07 ± 8.01), the average score of professional commitment is also high (64.07 ± 8.01) and the score of respect for patient rights is also high (10.74). ± 83.46) was obtained. The professional ethics score it showed a positive and statistically significant relationship with the patient’s rights compliance score. only professional commitment is related to gender, but the average of all three variables in different age groups and the type of residence (dormitory, private home, etc.) have meaningful statistical difference.ConclusionThe findings of the study show that the level of ethics and professional commitment and respect for patient rights among nursing, midwifery and emergency medicine students was good. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a basis for better planning for the development of knowledge and respect for patient rights among students.

The attitude of occupational health and safety engineering students towards the field of study and future career at Ilam University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: One of the important factors of students' success is a positive attitude towards their field of study and future career. Occupational health and safety engineering is a science that works in the field of employee health and work environment safety. Therefore, it is very important to know the factors affecting the attitude of students in occupational health and safety engineering. Methodology: In this study, 62 students of occupational health engineering of Ilam University of Medical Sciences were examined in the academic year of 2020-2021. The data were collected using the questionnaire of the University of Minnesota, containing 17 questions with a Likert spectrum scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: From 66 questionnaires, the mean and standard deviation of the attitude score towards the field of study (28.97 ± 4.25) and the mean and standard deviation of the attitude score towards the future career (24.8 ± 4.7) were calculated. Considering the score of 22 and 19 as the average score of the attitude towards the field of study and future career, the scores obtained are more than the acceptable score. Conclusion: The findings of the present study show a positive attitude towards the field of study and future career. Matching the capacity of accepting students with the needs of the labor market, familiarizing students with university courses before the national entrance exam, providing advice and support to students in justifying the course and work environment, and better communication between industry and university will improve students' attitudes.

A Survey on Mental Health Status in West of Iran: A Spatial Analysis

"Mental disorders clearly are among the major challenges of global health causing many concerns for health systems, health experts, and health policy makers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the mental health program in comprehensive health centers and health houses under the coverage of Ilam University of Medical Sciences in the West of Iran. The present study was conducted based on the reports obtained from the mental health program in 2019. The data were recorded into registration and evaluation forms of mental disorders with the codes 102-19-03 and 102-19-01 and then entered into the Excel software. The prevalence per 100 and 100,000 people, as well as their 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Formula 1 ROUND (Number of cases*100000/population) and Formula 2 ROUND (Prevalence ±1.96*SQRT (Prevalence *(1- Prevalence)/population). The results showed that the prevalence of depression was 19,100 [95% CI: 18999-19201] 19100), and the prevalence of anxiety was 304,66 [95% CI: 20348-30584] per 100,000 population. The highest prevalence among mental disorders was related to depression and anxiety. Considering the high average score of mental health status in people over 65 years old, it is necessary to implement measures and interventions to improve these individuals’ mental condition and upgrade their mental health."

A Survey on Mental Health Status in West of Iran: A Spatial Analysis

"Mental disorders clearly are among the major challenges of global health causing many concerns for health systems, health experts, and health policy makers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the mental health program in comprehensive health centers and health houses under the coverage of the Ilam University of Medical Sciences in the West of Iran. The present study was conducted based on the reports obtained from the mental health program in 2019. The data were recorded into registration and evaluation forms of mental disorders with the codes 102-19-03 and 102-19-01 and then entered into the Excel software. The prevalence per 100 and 100,000 people, as well as their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using Formula 1 ROUND (Number of cases*100000/population) and Formula 2 ROUND (Prevalence ±1.96*SQRT (Prevalence *(1- Prevalence)/population). The results showed that the prevalence of depression was 19,100 [95% CI: 18999-19201] 19100), and the prevalence of anxiety was 304,66 [95% CI: 20348-30584] per 100,000 population. The highest prevalence among mental disorders was related to depression and anxiety. Considering the high average score of mental health status in people over 65 years old, it is necessary to implement measures and interventions to improve these individuals’ mental conditions and upgrade their mental health."

Impact of case study-based teaching on academic enthusiasm of midwifery students toward ectopic pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

Background & Objective: There has always been controversy surrounding the teaching of diagnostic and treatment measures for novel diseases and rare treatment side effects through articles. Efficient training methods are one of the effective factors in students' academic enthusiasm. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of case study-based training on the academic enthusiasm of midwifery students. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional interventional controlled study was conducted on 20 midwifery students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, over two semesters. Sampling was carried out in the form of the total population sampling method, and the samples were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent routine training and the review of case report articles on rare types of ectopic pregnancy, whereas the control group only received routine training. Data were collected through a demographic form and the Academic Enthusiasm Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS21 software. Independent t-test was used for inter-group comparison and paired t-test for intra-group comparison. Results: The results of comparing inter-group and intra-group mean scores of academic enthusiasm showed no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in either phase one or phase two of the study (P<0.05). Conclusion: Case study-based teaching of ectopic pregnancy had no impact on the academic enthusiasm of midwifery students in the clinical environment. Further studies are recommended to explore how case report articles on different topics affect the academic enthusiasm of students in other medical sciences in clinical settings.

Investigating the impact of ergonomics training in reducing musculoskeletal discomfort among office workers

Introduction: Office workers, regardless of educational principles, may be exposed to musculoskeletal injuries due to the nature of their work. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of ergonomics training in reducing musculoskeletal disorders among the administrative staff of an Ilam University of Medical Sciences campus.
 Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 178 administrative staff of Ilam University of Medical Sciences Campus 1 was examined. Musculoskeletal disorders were evaluated using the Nordic questionnaire. Ergonomic risk factors of the workplace were assessed by Rapid Administrative Strain Assessment (ROSA) before and after the training. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 26 statistical software.
 Results: According to the findings obtained from the Nordic questionnaire, it was found that the most disorders in the past year were in the back (56.2%) and neck (55.6%) areas and the ROSA evaluation results showed that 24.4% of the subjects the study was at the ergonomic level with high risk. After the implementation of training programs, the results showed that the prevalence of disorders in 9 areas decreased. Also, demographic variables did not have a significant effect on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. (Significance level 0/05 is assumed)
 Conclusion: The results of this study showed that ergonomic training can be an effective method to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort in office work environments.

Investigation of Correlation between Coronavirus Anxiety, Academic Motivation and Attitude towards the Field Education in Medical Students.

Coronavirus pandemic has created a wide range of psychological complications. Students of medical sciences, like health personnel, are at a high risk of infection with coronavirus. The present study is an attempt to examine the correlation between anxiety caused by coronavirus and attitude and motivation toward the field of study in medical sciences students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences. This correlational study was done on 373 students in different fields of medical sciences at Ilam University of Medical Sciences from April to September 2020. The participants were selected through stratified random sampling. Data gathering was done using Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), and Educational Attitude Standard Questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed online by the participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson's correlation test, independent t-test and analysis of variance at a significance level of (P<0.05). Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and educational motivation (P=0.001) and attitude (P=0.03) was inverse and significant. There was a significant statistical difference in the average score of anxiety caused by coronavirus in students of different fields. The highest mean anxiety score was in the operating room students and the lowest anxiety score was in the laboratory science field (P=0.001). Coronavirus pandemic has created anxiety and lowered educational motivation and attitude in students of different fields of medical sciences.

Evaluation of the Knowledge and Performance of Anesthesia and Operating Room Staff about Fire Sources and Ways to Prevent and Control them in Hospitals Affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences

Evaluation of the Knowledge and Performance of Anesthesia and Operating Room Staff about Fire Sources and Ways to Prevent and Control them in Hospitals Affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences

Investigating the Relationship Between Nurses’ Attitude and Ethical Sensitivity Ability Towards the Elderly - A Case Study

Background: Older adults need more specialized care due to their complex conditions, and each part of the healthcare system plays a specific role. In addition, nurses have the most human relationship regarding patient duration and depth. Therefore, the quality of providing care to the elderly is influenced by many factors, including nurses’ attitudes and ethical sensitivity. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses’ attitudes and ethical sensitivity ability towards the elderly in hospitals and their effective factors. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on selected (training and non-training) hospitals affiliated with the Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2022. The population included 380 nurses, who were selected by random sampling. The data were collected using two questionnaires, including the standard questionnaire on nurses’ ethical sensitivity in decision-making and Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale (Kogan OP Scale). Finally, the data were analyzed by descriptive-inferential statistical tests and SPSS software version 24. Results: The results showed no significant difference between the mean score of nurses’ ethical sensitivity and attitudes (P = 0.807). In addition, no significant relationship was found between the level of ethical sense and individual characteristics of nurses, including age, gender, education level, marital status, work experience, workplace sector, and nursing work type (P &gt; 0.05). However, a significant relationship was found between age and attitude (P = 0.031). Conclusions: Nurses have to deal with many ethical situations when caring for elderly patients, so a positive attitude is essential when dealing with the elderly. As a result, nurses respect the rights of elderly patients to make decisions and preserve their independence. Further, educational programs such as workshops and continuous training courses can help develop nurses’ ethical sensitivity.

Relationship between Moral Intelligence and Clinical Competency of Nurses in Ilam Educational Hospitals

"In this descriptive-analytical study, 110 nurses working in educational hospitals of the Ilam University of Medical Sciences were included. Participants were selected using a random sampling method. The data collection tools were the demographic information form, the moral intelligence questionnaire of Lenik and Kiel (2005), and the standard clinical competency assessment questionnaire (CIRN). Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 21. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used to analyze the data. The mean ± SD score of nurses' moral intelligence and clinical competency was estimated at 157.59 ± 26.60 and 136.65 ± 46.08, respectively. Fifty-one percent of participants had low clinical competency, and 46% had high clinical competency. There was a significant association between moral intelligence and clinical competency (p&lt;0.05). "

Evaluation of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning during the years 2017 to 2019 in Ilam, Iran.

Every year, drug poisoning is the most prevalent reason for referring patients to medical centers. This study aimed to evaluation of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam. In this In this Cross-sectional study, patient samples suspected of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning referred to the toxicology laboratory of Ilam University of Medical Sciences were analyzed using the HPLC method, and the results were analysed using SPSS software. Results showed that the percentage of drug use is greater in men than in women. The highest percentage of morphine and methadone poisonings were detected in those under the age of 40, whereas the highest percentage of digoxin poisonings were recorded in those over the age of 80. As a result, the average age of digoxin users was substantially greater in men than in women. Methadone consumers showed significantly greater blood levels than others. In addition, there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in blood levels between men and women who used morphine. In general, it is important to understand the status of drug poisoning with drugs such as morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol, as well as the prognosis associated with the treatment process of such poisoning.

Comparing the Effects of Early Clinical Exposure on the Attitude and Motivation of First-year Medical Students from Ilam University of Medical Sciences Based on Video-based Education and Learning-in-Hospital Settings Methods

Background: Exposure to an unfamiliar clinical environment is highly important for medical students since it affects their attitudes. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of implementing a short course of familiarity with the clinical environment through video-based education and learning-in-hospital settings on the attitudes of first-year medical students. Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design, 59 first-year medical students were divided into two groups of “learning-in-hospital settings” and “video-based education”. Students' attitudes and motivations were measured using questionnaires, and the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: The attitude of most students from learning-in-hospital settings group was positive before and after the exposure. The attitude of most students from the video-based education group, on the other hand, was positive after watching the video while it was negative before the intervention; this difference, however, was not statistically significant (P = 0.1). In pre-exposure and post-exposure stages, the motivation of students in video-based education group was higher than that of students in learning-in-hospital settings group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.6). Female students in video-based education group had a higher positive attitude (P = 0.02) than male students (P = 0.01) before and after the exposure, and were highly motivated. Conclusions: Early clinical exposure to learning-in-hospital settings and, particularly, to video-based education may have been an effective factor contributing to motivating and encouraging the medical students.

Factors affecting the academic achievement of the talented students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: By identifying the factors affecting the academic achievement of students, several major goals can be achieved; including the training of high literacy and adequate science, the purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the academic achievement of the talented students in Ilam University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive-analytic study. The research tool was a questionnaire of 24 questions. It has a comprehensive domain (5 questions), an educator (7 questions), a field of educational environment (5 questions), Family domain (3 questions) and socio-economic domain (4 questions). How to score each question based on Likert scale 5 options (very low = 1 point, low = 2 points, average = 3 points, high = 4 points and much = 5 points). SPSS V 19 software was used to analyze the data. Results: 34 (68%) girls and 16 (32%) were male.

Emergency Response to a Hospital Fire: A Report From the Field

AbstractAs the most important centers providing medical services during disasters and emergencies, hospitals have special structural complexities. Furthermore, the hospitals are exposed to many intrinsic and extrinsic hazards, including fire. On November 28, 2018, at 9:25 am (local time), a fire started in Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital of Ilam, affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Immediately, to save patients’ lives and prevent injuries to them, the horizontal and then vertical evacuation was performed to transfer patients to other hospitals by helping the support organizations. No physical injuries or deaths were reported in this incident. The results of this case study showed that hospitals should be sufficiently prepared to respond effectively to accidents and disasters, so it is needed to prepare and practice response programs and train hospital staff and managers.

Analysis of Environmental Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among Agricultural Students (Case Study of Ilam University)

Analysis of Environmental Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among Agricultural Students (Case Study of Ilam University)

Direct Medical Costs Analysis of Covid-19 Patients in the Hospitals of Ilam University of Medical Sciences

Background: The most well-known classification of the cost of diseases is direct medical cost. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze direct treatment costs of patients with Covid-19 by hospitals affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences.&#x0D; Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study performed retrospectively. The hospital expenditure information in Ilam province from March to October 2020 was used. Cost information related to all patients was collected and classified and reviewed using Excel 2016 software. The average direct treatment costs of hospitalized patients were also determined.&#x0D; Results: The direct costs of treatment in hospitalized patients in Ilam were estimated at $ 2349272.094 (98669427959 billion Rials). The per capita direct medical costs were calculated to be $ 1228.056 (51578373 million Rials(. The largest share of the cost related to pharmaceutical services and the share of basic insurance was equal to $ 934.570 (39,252,109 million Rials).&#x0D; Conclusion: Results of the study indicated that the treatment costs of patients entering Ilam province are high, and the highest cost concerns pharmaceutical services. Taking necessary measures to prevent and control the spread of coronary artery, using the most cost-effective drug interventions and reducing unnecessary hospital stays of patients can increase the efficiency of financial resources and reduce direct medical costs in Ilam province.

Explaining the Effective Dimensions and Components for Community-Based Medical Education from the Perspective of Family Physicians of Ilam University of Medical Sciences: A Qualitative Study

Explaining the Effective Dimensions and Components for Community-Based Medical Education from the Perspective of Family Physicians of Ilam University of Medical Sciences: A Qualitative Study

Effect of Four Weeks of Ginger Supplementation Followed by Acute Eccentric and Concentric Training on Irisin and Insulin Levels, Insulin Resistance Index, and Lipid Profile of Young Women With Obesity: A Randomized Clinical trial

Background and Aim Recently, a myokine called irisin has been discovered that affects glucose level, obesity, metabolism and glucose homeostasis by browning of white adipose tissue and heat production. This study aims to evaluate the effect of four weeks of ginger supplementation followed by acute eccentric and concentric training on irisin and insulin levels, insulin resistance index, and lipid profile of young women with obesity. Methods &amp; Materials This is a randomized clinical trial. Participants were 50 young women (BMI &gt;30 kg/m2, age: 24.86±2.87 years, height: 159.66±4.20 cm, and weight: 87.42±4.61 kg). After measuring their maximum oxygen consumption, they were randomly divided into five groups, two groups of supplementation, two groups of placebo, and one control group. The training protocol consisted of two sessions of acute eccentric and concentric activity. The supplementation groups consumed 2 g of ginger powder daily for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after each activity. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Ethical Considerations This study was registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT201104246178N1) and was approved by the ethics committee of Ilam University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MEDILAM.REC.1395.192). Results The irisin and insulin levels between increased and the glucose level decreased significantly in the supplementation groups (P&lt;0.05). The change in insulin resistance index was not significantly different among the study groups (P&gt;0.05). Based on the results of one-way ANOVA, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05), but the high-density lipoprotein level showed no significant difference (P&lt;0.05). The total cholesterol level was not significantly different in terms of exercise type (P&gt; 0.05) but was significantly different in terms of supplementation type (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion Long-term consumption of ginger along with regular exercise can be an effective method for lowering glucose level and causing favorable changes in irisin level, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in young women with obesity.