Idle Capacity Research Articles

The Important Role of Microsoft Power Business Intelligence Tool for Analyzing Unit Cost

Problematic problems in calculating unit cost for institution can lead the wrong decision taken by management. Those problems such are lack data information for analyzing, difficulties in querying meta data, illiterates in using tools of technology, and still many other problems. Management’s leader will be difficult to make decision if the meta data as the sources of information cannot be crystalized as requested. This research is conducted for answering the curiosity regarding determination of unit cost that be mining from meta data sources. The originality value of this research is for answering the curiosity in determining unit cost. This research takes place in the higher institutional education along with the name of State University of Jakarta. As Educational Institution, State University of Jakarta is not fully funded by the government of Indonesian Republic. This institution is considered as public entity that part of its funding come from government and the rest of funding come from the ability of institution in generating income. Economics, efficient, and effective are the most determination that should be achieved by State University of Jakarta that is not fully funded by The Indonesian Government. For this reason, State University of Jakarta should be aware in managing available income for institution survival. In analyzing meta data for the consumption of decision making, the researcher has explored the usage of Microsoft Power Business Intelligence (BI) tool for determining unit cost each unit in this institution. Through this tool, then researcher analyzing and describing the crystalized meta data that supported calculation for unit cost. The value result of this research shows that almost 65% of the total units cannot surviving its own entity. In the conclusion, this institution should be able to querying cost in each unit. Determination of direct cost and indirect cost for each unit should be placed proportionally. Also, tuition fee should be able to cover the idle capacity of unit that in the previous time suffering deficit.

Idle Capacity Expenses and Executive Bonus Compensation

Idle Capacity Expenses and Executive Bonus Compensation

Toward a better understanding of China's e-waste reverse logistics implementation barriers: A certified disassembler's perspective

E-waste, containing valuable materials and hazardous substances, poses a significant challenge to the environment and society. One approach to addressing this challenge is the implementation of a reverse logistics network to recover e-waste, which involves a disassembler connecting the upstream collector with the downstream recycler and disposer. In China, a certified disassembler in a subsidy scheme plays a crucial role in e-waste recycling effectiveness. However, a declining recycling rate and high idle capacity have led to a ‘certified disassembler dilemma’. This study uses stakeholder analysis processes to identify barriers to e-waste reverse logistics, and the grey-based decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory approach is utilized to explore their causal relationships. The results, supported by a sensitivity analysis, indicate that the certified disassemblers' internal capability deficiencies form the most significant causal barrier, with a net cause value of 2.74. In contrast, the increased number of illegal disassemblers is the primary determinant of all other barriers, with a prominence value of 19.5. Recommendations for improving certified disassemblers' internal capabilities are provided, including exploring the deep processing of waste materials, extending the residential collection network, and reassessing multiple e-waste recovery options.

On the optimality of stepwise policies for managing capacity, inventory and backorders

We consider the problem of simultaneously managing capacity, inventory and backorders in a multi-mode production environment modelled via Brownian motion. The presence of more than two production modes adds an additional level of complexity: not just when to change modes, but also which mode to change to. We show that, under the two assumptions that demand is the overriding source of variability in the process and that the cost to change from one production mode to another is proportional to the difference in the production capacities, a policy that moves stepwise among the modes minimizes the long-run average cost. Examples demonstrate that if either assumption is violated no policy that moves stepwise among the modes may be optimal. To focus on the complexity of identifying when to change modes and which mode to change to, we restrict our model to simple convex holding and backorder costs and linear processing costs and costs for rejecting demand and idling capacity. We adopt the economic average cost model that allows the manager to reject demand or idle capacity at any time. We demonstrate that under our two assumptions we may impose an ordering assumption on the relative value functions that dramatically simplifies the classic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. We show that under the economic average cost model a production mode that is initially unattractive may later become attractive as new modes are added. Our arguments are essentially constructive and lead to a practical algorithm for finding an optimal policy.

Collaborative Production Scheduling with Multi-Enterprise Idle Capacity Sharing

Collaborative Production Scheduling with Multi-Enterprise Idle Capacity Sharing

Exploiting heat gains along horizontal connection pipes in existing borehole heat exchanger fields

This study investigates three options for utilising the additional capacity of borehole heat exchanger (BHE) fields through gains along horizontal connection pipes, whose contribution is routinely ignored. The analysis considers thermal load profiles with different heating to cooling ratios and finds that the effect of horizontal pipes becomes more significant with unbalanced loads. The study explores the potential of extended operation, increased loads and an optimised operating strategy to exploit the idle capacity gain from the horizontal connection pipes. It is shown that for the scenarios investigated, the BHE field operational time can be extended by more than 25 years without violating the critical fluid temperatures in the design phase. Alternatively, the thermal load can be increased by up to 26%. In addition, the study highlights the potential of an optimised operating strategy involving adjustments to the number of BHEs operated to reduce power consumption and therefore reducing operating costs in existing systems by utilising heat gains from the horizontal connection pipes.

Leasing Loses Altitude While Ownership Takes Off: Real Effects of the New Lease Standard

ABSTRACT This paper evaluates the real effects of the new lease standard, ASC 842, on firms’ investment and operational outcomes. Using a sample of airline companies, we find that, subsequent to the promulgation of ASC 842 (2016–2018), public airlines reduce operating lease usage by about seven to ten percentage points relative to private airlines. The reduced lease usage is replaced by increased ownership, suggesting an equilibrium shift in firms’ investment due to changes in the cost-benefit tradeoffs associated with the operating lease classification. We also find evidence that the decline in lease usage hinders public airlines’ operational flexibility, as we observe more idle capacity in flights post-ASC 842. Facing excess capacity, public airlines seem to deploy their aircraft to shorter flying routes, raising the possibility of more wear and tear on the fleet. Overall, our evidence suggests that the new lease standard has intended and unintended real effects. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: M41; M48; D22; D24; D25; E22; G38.

Maximising efficient water capacity through reservoir configuration with a case study for Malang City of Indonesia

All forms of water supply systems had unique characteristics of idle capacity. However, achieving a sustainable water supply over the long term could not eliminate idle capacity. This paper discussed methods for providing efficient capacity without compromising long-term water requirements. The objective of efficient capacity was to reduce idle water capacity and water-carrying infrastructure. This study method reviews previous research results with an in-depth case of a piped water supply system in an urban area. The assessment method referred to the pattern of water demand by consumers. Fluctuations in water demand determined the dimensions of all water supply system components. The results of this study showed that water distribution determines the minimum idle capacity, which directs the need for priority areas for efficient capacity and opens reservoir placement options. Under these priority areas, a decentralised reservoir position resulted in an efficient system dimension. The closer the reservoir was to the consumer, the smaller the idle capacity, which was the contribution of the onsite reservoir. The critical implementation was based on the flexibility of the phasing of water supply and infrastructure. The flexibility addressed the use of flow rates for a certain period, diversification of water sources, and system configuration that determines the dimensions of the infrastructure and maximising utilisation.

Sectoral dynamics of industrial policy in a two-sector economy: the case of Korea’s heavy and chemical industry (HCI) promotion (1973–1979)

This study explores the impact of state’s industrial policy on sectoral capacity utilization and growth in total output in the context of the Korea’s Heavy and Chemical Industry (HCI) promotion (1973–1979). Using a Kalecki-Steindl framework within a two-sector open economy, the study first finds that primary industrial policy instruments—preferential interest rates and export promotion regime—have a positive effect on capacity utilization (aggregate demand) and economic growth, but unbalanced sectoral dependence undermines the effect of industrial policy. Second, the increased market power of firms in the targeted sector has a dual impact on the sectoral capacity, depending on the productivity growth characteristics of each sector. Third, the industrial policy regime is highly susceptible to adverse external price shocks. These findings are consistent with the Korean growth experience during the HCI promotion period in which chaebols (big business groups) flourished, and the economy suffered from stagflation and idle capacity in the final stage of HCI promotion.

S1779 Model for Idle Capacity Variance and Its Contributing Factors to Enhance Capacity Utilization in an Outpatient Endoscopy Unit

S1779 Model for Idle Capacity Variance and Its Contributing Factors to Enhance Capacity Utilization in an Outpatient Endoscopy Unit

HEALTH SERVICE EFFICIENCY: COST ANALYSIS OF TIME DRIVEN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING METHODS IN CAESAR SURGERY SERVICES IN PKU MUHAMMADIYAH HOSPITAL, YOGYAKARTA

Negative difference between the fee for cesarean surgery services provided by the hospital and the tariff claimed by BPJS resulted in the hospital bearing the cost difference. This study aims to determine the level of inefficiency in cesarean surgery healthcare services through cost calculation using the Time Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) method at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. The subjects of this research were determined using purposive sampling approach, involving 5 informants as personnel in each cost pool. In-depth interviews and documentation of internal financial data were used as data collection techniques. The results of this study show the presence of inefficiency in the Accommodation cost pool and the Cleaning service cost pool. Inefficiency in cesarean surgery services can be determined after analyzing the utilization of capacity, which is the end result of cost calculation using the TDABC method. The stages of cost analysis using the TDABC method in this study include: 1) Identification of Cost Pools, 2) Identification of total costs for each cost pool, 3) Determination of practical capacity and capacity cost rate for each cost pool, 4) Determination of time estimates for each cost pool, 5) Cost calculation, and 6) Analysis of capacity utilization to determine the level of inefficiency by calculating the percentage of available capacity compared to idle capacity. The results of this study are expected to provide input regarding the optimization of idle capacity, cost efficiency, and improvement of healthcare service processes in the hospital.

A hybrid discrete differential evolution – genetic algorithm approach with a new batch formation mechanism for parallel batch scheduling considering batch delivery

Scheduling is an important decision-making problem in production planning and the resulting decisions have a direct impact on reducing waste, including energy and idle capacity. Batch scheduling problems occur in various industries from automotive to food and energy. This paper introduces the parallel p-batch scheduling problem with batch delivery, content-dependent loading/unloading times and energy-aware objective function. The problem has been motivated by a real system used for freezing products in a food processing company. A mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP) has been developed and explained through a numerical example. As it is not practical to solve large-size instances via a mathematical model, the discrete differential evolution algorithm has been improved (iDDE) and hybridised with the genetic algorithm (GA). A release-oriented vector generation procedure and a heuristic batch formation mechanism have been developed to efficiently solve the problem. The performance of the proposed approach (iDDEGA) has been compared with CPLEX, iDDE and GA through a comprehensive computational study. A case study was conducted based on real data collected from the freezing process of the company, which also verified the practical use and advantages of the proposed methodology.

The impact of country-level sustainability and digitalization on the performance: sharing economy dashboard

PurposeThe Sharing Economy (SE) has turned around the concepts of ownership and access, promoting not only an alternative consumption method, but also a more sustainable one. Using digital platforms, this phenomenon expects to achieve a better use of the idle capacity of resources, promote meaningful and trusting communities and contribute to reducing the environmental harm. The huge increase of popularity of this model has lined up with the Sustainable Development Goals proclamation, and the commitment from governments with the search for more sustainable models. This study analyzes the relationship of the SE with sustainability in general, and the Sustainable Development Goals in specific.Design/methodology/approachThrough the analysis of the action plans proposed by governments and the expected contributions of sharing platforms to sustainability, the authors analyze the improvements and assistance that the Sharing Economy could offer to countries.FindingsThe main findings suggest that the SE can assist countries to achieve their sustainability goals and to further advance towards a more sustainable consumption and living model in order to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals.Originality/valueAlthough this topic is still to be further developed, the SE seems to be fulfilling the expectations as the path towards sustainability.

STUDI KELAYAKAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) DOMESTIK KAWASAN BENDUNG KOTA PALEMBANG

Sanitation is a way of treating household waste to prevent humans from being exposed to it, free of harmful impurities and waste materials. The use of wastewater treatment plants is expected to be able to reduce pollution produced by domestic activities. Since the last five years, the city of Palembang has had several WWTPs that process domestic waste, but there have been a few problems that have occurred so that a study of these problems is needed in the field. The research method used in this study uses both quantitative and qualitative research. The results showed that the percentage of IPAL Bendung was 11.7% of newly used WWTP capacity and 83.3% of WWTP idle capacity. This shows that the idle capacity of the two WWTP Bendungs is very high, and it is necessary to increase the house connection. Based on the results of the studies that have been found, the WWTP Bendungs found problems with discharge and detention time.

A Multi-objective Control Strategy of the Energy Storage System in Distribution Networks with a High Proportion of Renewable Energy

With the development of battery technology and power electronic technology, battery-based energy storage has been widely used in Peak Shaving and Valley Filling frequency and voltage regulation for the power system with a high proportion of renewable energy integration. However, the existing control strategies of the energy storage system (ESS) mostly take peak shaving and valley filling frequency and voltage regulation as a single control objective, causing the rest capacity of the energy storage in the single control working period to be wasted, which significantly reduces the utilization rate and economic benefits of energy storage. How to improve the utilization rate and economic benefits of the ESS while enhancing the support performance of ESS has not received much attention. This paper proposes a multi-objective control strategy of ESS to maximize energy storage’s benefit and ensure the distribution network’s safe and stable operation. First of all, this paper combines the auxiliary compensation benefits of the price system of distributed energy storage power stations and proposes a comprehensive index that comprehensively considers the economy of the ESS and the stable operation of the distribution network to support the evaluation needs of multi-objective control of energy storage. On this basis, this paper predetermines the multi-layer judgment logic for ESS operation control under different operating conditions, divides the ESS into different operating conditions according to the control objectives, and proposes a multi-objective control strategy based on variable droop coefficients. It effectively utilizes the idle capacity of the ESS and achieves an optimized control of energy storage that takes into account both technology and economy. The simulation verification based on the energy storage model built in Matlab/Simulink is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed ESS multi-objective control strategy.

Diagnosis and Difficulties in Waste Management in a Large Brazilian City, Focusing on Selective Collection

This work evaluated the main difficulties for the implementation and maintenance of selective collection in a large Brazilian city with more than 1 million inhabitants. For that, the qualitative method was used through interviews with 18 professionals who work in the area of selective collection and waste management. The interviews were recorded and the data submitted to content analysis. The results pointed to the following difficulties: lack of government management, low efficiency and limited coverage; poor separation of waste at source; distortions in the logistics chain of selective collection and in the distribution of waste by cooperatives; high informality, precarious work and low remuneration of collectors; the presence of intermediaries and corruption in the system; and idle capacity of cooperatives and public agencies.

Cloud manufacturing architectures: State-of-art, research challenges and platforms description

The increasing incorporation of digital technologies in industrial systems in recent years, and their corresponding connection to the Internet of Things, has made it possible to offer production services through the cloud, giving rise to the Cloud Manufacturing production paradigm. This paradigm allows customers and production service providers to meet on a virtual platform, and from there, to generate business opportunities. In turn, different production service providers can associate with each other, in such a way that each one can enhance the level of service they offer or even take advantage of their idle capacity by offering it to other providers. These advantages have increased the interest in Cloud Manufacturing, yielding a wide number of architectures and systems that enable these interactions. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study about these architectures, as well as a review of the current literature on the subject. For this, a systematic review of the literature is reported. Based on an in-depth review of the selected works, we were able to identify the main contributions of the current state of the literature about Cloud Manufacturing architectures. Four lines of research were identified that should be strengthened and expanded in the future to continue with the development of this paradigm. These lines are: (i) digital twins developments, (ii) scheduling and logistics, (iii) services composition and resources sharing and (iv) interoperability. Finally, it is presented an open-source project for Cloud Manufacturing architectures and their implementation, which emerge from the literature review as a promising tool to leverage Cloud Manufacturing technologies.

Switching control strategy for an energy storage system based on multi-level logic judgment

Energy storage is a new, flexibly adjusting resource with prospects for broad application in power systems with high proportions of renewable energy integration. However, energy storage systems have spare capacity under stable working conditions and may be idle for some periods. These actions are primarily selected for peak shaving and valley filling, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation as the only control target; thus, energy storage cannot be used effectively, which weakens the effect of energy storage on grid support. To improve the utilization rate and economic benefits of the energy storage system and enhance the support performance of energy storage for the safe operation of the power grid, this article proposes a switching control strategy for an energy storage system based on multi-layer logic judgment to maximize energy storage benefits and ensure safe and stable power grid operation. First, this study analyzed the potential multi-ancillary service operation requirements of the energy storage system, combined with the auxiliary compensation benefits of the energy storage power station. Using this information, the study proposed a comprehensive index that considers the economy of the energy storage system and the stable operation of the power grid to support the evaluation needs of energy storage control. Based on this, the study then pre-set multi-layer judgment logic for the operation control of the energy storage system. A multi-objective judgment and smooth switching strategy for the coordinated operation of the energy storage system was proposed based on the typical operating conditions of the energy storage system participating in the grid peak shaving and valley filling, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation. This switching control method effectively utilized the idle capacity of the energy storage system and improved the energy storage system’s support effect on the power grid. Through the improved energy storage control model based on MATLAB/Simulink, this study also verified the effectiveness of the proposed smooth switching strategy of the energy storage system.

Bioenergy and Employment. A Regional Economic Impact Evaluation

Estimating green energy’s impact on regional economies of developing countries is challenging, owing both to the lack of disaggregated data of non-conventional energy sources at the subnational level and a method to address its participation in the energy matrix. We develop a methodology to solve both problems and apply it to the case of Santa Fe province, Argentina, an important producer of biofuels (biodiesel from soybean and ethanol from maize). To disaggregate the participation of biofuel sectors we combine aggregated sector information with subsector surveys. Once established the share of biofuels in the economy and their potential to create jobs, it is possible to generate statistics on the input-output relationships. With the latter, we estimate a hybrid input-output model and calculate the effects of shocks on production and employment stemming from the full utilization of existing idle capacity, as well as from new investments in the sector. The instrument allows us to several policy evaluations, for instance, of acceleration of the energy matrix transition to renewables through regulations, to study the effect of changes in relative prices of energy, determine the effect on potential employment creation of subsidies to promote the activity, etc. The sector we analyze empirically had an initial value added of 745 million dollars and employs near to 1200 persons, and an important idle capacity plus delayed projects because of external shocks. In a conservative scenario of full capacity utilization plus ongoing investments, production more than doubles, and employment can grow 414 percent. On the other hand, a 50 percent additional increase in new capacity implies a total value-added increase of 421 million dollars and a 378 percent increase in jobs. Even when the output effect is lower than in the former scenario, the employment effect is proportionally much larger since the latter scenario includes transient jobs in the construction phase.

An Empirical Investigation of Ridesharing and New Vehicle Purchase

Problem definition: In this work, we examine how ridesharing platforms affect changes in short-term vehicle purchasing. On the one hand, if the introduction of such platforms motivates owners to use the idle capacity of their existing vehicles to accrue rents, vehicle sales might fall. On the other hand, if the platform induces would-be drivers to purchase new vehicles in order to participate, vehicle sales might rise. Academic/practical relevance: Whereas operations management researchers have begun to broach this subject analytically, this work provides empirical evidence of the impact of ridesharing platforms on new vehicle ownership. Further, we assess heterogeneity in the effect across vehicle type and location. Methodology: We examine this tension using a unique data set of new vehicle registrations in China. In doing so, we exploit the variation in the timing of Uber entry using a difference-in-difference approach. Results: Findings suggest Uber entry is associated with a significant short-term increase in private new vehicle ownership, indicating that consumers actively change their stock of held resources to capture excess rents offered by the platform. These effects exclusively manifest among vehicle brands that qualify for the platform. Further, inasmuch as sales of vehicles with smaller displacement increase more than large-displacement vehicles, results indicate that the effect of Uber entry varies considerably across vehicle types. Finally, results indicate that the effects are stronger in locations where established public transportation options are weaker. Managerial implications: Results provide initial evidence that manufacturers can benefit from the emergence of the sharing economy, especially manufacturers whose products align with the needs of platform participants. For policy makers, our findings further undercut claims made by platforms that the individuals working on them are exploiting already existing resources, suggesting some form of nascent professionalism on the part of platform workers. Funding: The research was supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science of China [Grant 71832010]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1183 .