Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis Research Articles

Scrotal calcinosis cutis an unrelated finding in benign prostatic hyperplasia patient, is treatment sine qua non? A case report

Calcinosis cutis is a reactive and nonmalignant lesion characterized by solitary or multiple cutaneous nodules that can affect different parts of the body including the scrotum among other structures. Treatment is often sought because of cosmesis, itching, or pain. Despite this, it remains unclear or unimaginable why patients will be reluctant to accept treatment in the face of disfigurement. Several reasons have been documented, but the fear of genital mutilation from open surgical intervention is an unfamiliar reason advanced by the index case for declining open surgical intervention. Its diagnosis requires careful clinical evaluation and is confirmed by lesional biopsy for histological confirmation. This is a case of a 50-year-old trader who presented to our facility with a 35-year history of multiple, painless scrotal nodules and difficulty in passing urine for six months’ duration. He was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with the indication for surgical therapy and idiopathic scrotal calcinosis cutis. He consented and had endoscopic therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but was reluctant to open surgical intervention for idiopathic scrotal calcinosis cutis despite disfigurement because of the fear of genital mutilation. The current treatment options include follow-up observation, medications, cryotherapy, laser, and surgical excision, depending on the patient’s choice, availability, and surgical expertise. The surgical option is often favored and encouraged due to its associated reduced chances of recurrence. Therefore, it is pertinent to respect the patient’s opinion and should override other considerations in clinical practice. The lesson herein can assist other clinicians in avoiding justifiable medical litigations, hence, the need for this case report and a review of the literature.

Idiopathic giant scrotal calcinosis: a rare case report and literature review

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/HwWU4JYsovA Background: Scrotal calcinosis is a rare abnormality of external genitalia. To date, the pathogenesis of this con is still debated. However, reconstructive surgical therapy is still the treatment of choice in managing this disease. This case report presents our experience in performing extensive excision followed by reconstruction of scrotal defects in patients diagnosed with scrotal calcinosis. Case Presentation: A 62-year-old healthy man was referred to our department with multiple nodules on the testicular sac that did not cause symptoms but began to disrupt his quality of life. The diagnosis was made by physical examination, and anatomic pathology examination results from a needle biopsy that had been done before. Extensive excision of the scrotum lesion was followed by defect closure. There were no significant intraoperative or postoperative. The procedure was uneventful, and the reconstruction results showed satisfying results. Conclusion: Scrotal calcinosis is an uncommon skin disease caused by insoluble calcium salts accumulated in scrotal skin tissue. Although the origin and etiology of scrotal calcinosis are debatable, surgical excision is the preferred treatment with a low recurrence rate and good cosmetic results.

Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis: Surgical Treatment of a Rare Cutaneous Disorder

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a rare, painless and benign disease characterized by the presence of multiple painless calcified nodules of the scrotum with no abnormalities of phosphocalcic metabolism. The main reason for consult among patients is the aesthetic discomfort. Histology shows basophilic calcium deposits in the scrotal dermis and calcified fibroids surrounded by foreign body giant cell granulomas. Treatment is based on surgical removal of the nodules. We report the case of a 27-year-old patient with no notable pathological history who consulted for multiple cystic nodular lesions of the scrotum, painless and non- infected, with no notion of previous trauma, evolving for 12 years. The patient underwent surgical removal of the scrotal nodules under local anesthesia. No recurrence was noted; the follow-up was one year. After a review of the literature, we discuss the pathogenic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of this poorly understood pathology.

SCROTAL CALCINOSIS: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a rare benign disorder of the scrotal skin. It consists of multiple nodules of the scrotal skin with no evident underlying cause, often with normal calcium and phosphate metabolism. The pathogenesis of scrotal calcinosis is still controversial. Metabolic and hormonal work-up needs to rule out other causes. Surgical excision is the choice of treatment both for conrming the diagnosis as well as for treatment. More studies need to be carried out on the best option for scrotal reconstruction

Intra-abdominal cystic lesions after ventriculoperitoneal shunting

Objectives: Definitive diagnosis is essential for the medical and surgical management of pediatric patients with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. In patients with a VP shunt, abdominal complications have been well described, among which abdominal pseudo cysts are uncommon. In this report, we present our experience in terms of the multi-disciplinary management of intra-abdominal cystic lesions associated with the VP shunt procedure. Methods: From 2016 to 2021, 245 VP shunt procedures were performed in our institution. Intra-abdominal cystic lesions were recorded as intra-abdominal complications (abdominal pseudocyst, intestinal subserosal bowel cyst, and scrotal cyst) in 3 patients. For these patients we retrospectively collected data on medical history, complaints, diagnosis, treatment procedure, and postoperative results. The study was performed on 2 male and 1 female patients. The average patient age was 11.6 months (5 months to 1.5 years). The most common complaint was that of abdominal distention with ileus symptoms. The average time of admission after the catheterization of VP shunt was 1 month; laparotomy was performed for 2 patients in whom treatment was needed for high ligation. Results: A VP shunt operation is followed by abdominal complications in about 5%-47% of all cases. These complications are manifested as ileus symptoms, such as vomiting, abdominal distension, and abdominal pain with intestinal obstruction. Conclusions: In pediatric patients with VP shunts, a shunt catheter-induced abdominal cystic formation should always be considered a complication. Management of these cystic lesions requires the use of a multi-disciplinary approach with neurosurgery and pediatric surgery for treatment.

Calcinosis escrotal idiopática: Reporte de un caso.

Calcium participates in many physiological processes. Calcinosis cutis is a disease caused by calcium deposition in the dermis. Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis (ICS) is a common form of idiopathic calcinosis cutis. A 28-year-old male patient was evaluated, with symptoms of multiple white masses in the scrotum, of various sizes, not painful. Calcium and phosphorus levels were with-in normal ranges, characteristic of idiopathic calcinosis, while vitamin D and PTH were outside the normal limits. Minor surgery was performed on circum-scribed nodular lesions of various sizes with regular borders. Post-biopsy histo-logical examination confirmed the diagnosis of calcinosis cutis. A low-calcium diet was prescribed as a long-term preventive method. Despite the infrequency of this condition, it should be taken into account when making a differential diagnosis. Its etiology is still unknown and it can present asymptomatically. The important thing is to provide the patient with a better quality of life, avoid discomfort and low self-esteem due to the aesthetic aspect.

IDIOPATHIC SCROTAL CALCINOSIS :REPORT OF A LESSER KNOWN ENTITY

Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis is a well-known entity since 1883. Controversial etiopathogenesis and rare occurrence make it an unusual lesion. It is a benign dystrophic calcication of scrotal dermis and surgical excision is the treatment. We present a case of a 52 years old male who presented with a single itchy scrotal nodule which on histopathological examination was diagnosed to be Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis.

Lymphoscintigraphic Findings of Scrotal Lymphangioma.

As congenital lymphatic malformations, lymphangiomas commonly occur in the neck, tongue, and extremities, whereas scrotum is one of the least frequent sites. For this lymphatic flow disease, lymphoscintigraphy is regarded as a useful imaging method. Herein, in a child with scrotal cysts, scrotal region activity was detected in lymphoscintigraphy, consistent with likely lymphatic disorder. The postsurgical pathology confirmed the diagnosis of lymphangioma.

Clinicopathologic features of scrotal leiomyosarcoma: single institutional experience of ten cases

Scrotal leiomyosarcoma arises from the subcutaneous smooth muscle layer and is an exceptionally rare disease process, with only six patients in the largest reported case series. This rarity creates uncertainties regarding diagnosis, surgical management, and clinical outcomes. Our purpose was to retrospectively describe our institutional experience with scrotal leiomyosarcoma from 2010 to 2022. Slides were reviewed with case inclusion requiring both nuclear atypia and mitotic activity. Ten patients with scrotal leiomyosarcoma were identified. Clinical impression included scrotal cyst in nine cases. The median age at diagnosis was 52 years (range: 29-75 years). The mean tumor size was 1.6cm (range: 0.4-3.7cm). Margins were positive in three cases and close in one case, prompting four re-excisions. The mean mitotic rate was 2.3 per 10 high-power field (range: 1-11), with mean Ki67 of 4.6% (range: 1-15%). Nine of the tumors were grade 1, while 1 was grade 2. Four patients had disease-specific follow-up. The remaining six patients have not had disease-specific surveillance. None of the ten patients have shown evidence of recurrence (median follow-up: 75 months, range: 0-116 months). Our series demonstrates that scrotal leiomyosarcoma has a deceptive clinical presentation with a wide age range and small tumor size. With complete surgical resection, scrotal leiomyosarcoma has an excellent prognosis and rigorous follow-up or adjuvant treatment is not likely to be necessary. Cases with unusual clinical or pathologic findings, such as large tumor size or high mitotic rate, may merit more intensive disease-specific surveillance.

Clinicopathological study of cutaneous adnexal cyst with some unusual presentation

Background: Cutaneous cysts are slow-growing benign intradermal or subcutaneous tumors that occur commonly in the hair-bearing areas of the body. Sometimes they occur in non-hair-bearing areas due to traumatic implantation of the epidermis. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of various cutaneous cysts in our hospital set up, to record an unusual presentation and clinico-histopathological correlation. Material and methods: This is a hospital-based retrospective analysis of cutaneous cysts conducted for 6 months. All skin biopsies diagnosed under the category of the cutaneous cyst were included in the study. Histopathology slides stained with Hematoxylin and eosin were analyzed. Results: A total of 185 cases of cutaneous cysts were included in the study. The most frequent cutaneous cyst was an epidermal cyst (75.13%) followed by a dermoid cyst (18.38%). Epidermal cysts occurred at unusual locations of the palm, lower extremity, and breast. Unusual locations of the dermoid cyst were the floor of the mouth, gluteal region, scalp, and back. Two cases of scrotal epidermal cysts were associated with idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum. In one case each proliferating trichilemmal cyst and apocrine hidrocystoma occurred over the unusual location of the back while cysticercosis occurred at an unusual location of the scalp. Inflammatory changes were found in 27 cases (14.59%) of cutaneous cysts. An overall clinicopathological correlation was seen in 91.89% (170/185) cases of cutaneous cysts Conclusions: Unusual clinical presentation of cutaneous cysts can pose a diagnostic dilemma. Definitive diagnosis in such cases is possible by histopathological analysis.

Congenital urethral fistula with a scrotal cyst in a seven-month-old male

Urethral duplication is a rare anomaly with a spectrum of anatomic types. The etiology is unknown and embriology needs to be more elucidated. It affects mainly boys and clinical presentation varies according to anatomic forms. We report an unusual Y-type urethral duplication with normal orthotopic urethra that presented with a scrotal cyst in a 7-month old boy. Our patient underwent only excision of the hypoplastic and non-functioning urethra with good functional and cosmetic result. In conclusion we suggest that on evaluating a patient with a scrotal cyst a Y-type urethral duplication should be suspected and a radiographic study must be done to recognize the normal urethra and choose the best surgical treatment.

IDIOPATHIC SCROTAL CALCINOSIS. A CASE REPORT

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis (ISC) is a benign, rare condition with incompletely elucidated etiology. It is clinically characterized by the presence of multiple calcified, asymptomatic nodules, located in the scrotum. The onset of the disease occurs during childhood or young adulthood. We present the case of a patient with idiopathic scrotal calcinosis with onset around the age of 20 years. The peculiarity of the case lies in the rarity of this condition and the fact that the patient came to our clinic about 25 years after the onset of his condition, even though he had multiple nodules, which makes it difficult to diagnose and complicates the promptness of surgery.

Отдаленные результаты применения метода склеротерапии в лечении кист придатка яичка

Introduction. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with epididymal cysts (EC). A number of methods have been proposed for their treatment – open surgical interventions, aspiration of cyst contents, sclerotherapy, epididymal cystectomy. In the literature, there are separate works in which attempts were made to study the use of sclerotherapy in the treatment of EC. However, the presented messages are single, there are no data of comparative studies of the use of various methods of treatment of this pathology. The aim of the study was to study the clinical efficacy of sclerotherapy in the treatment of epididymal cysts in terms of long-term indicators. Aim – to study the clinical efficacy of sclerotherapy in the treatment of EC in terms of long-term indicators. Materials and methods. 82 patients with EC aged 18 to 45 years were included in 2 groups: in the treatment of 47 patients in the comparison group, a standard approach was used, in the treatment of 36 patients in the main group, the method of EC sclerotherapy was used. EC sclerotherapy included anesthesia, aspiration of the cyst contents and injection of sclerosant, under ultrasound guidance, puncture of the epididymal cyst was performed, its contents were evacuated, then sclerosant (ethoxysclerol 1% – 2.5 ml) was injected into the cyst cavity with an exposure of 5 min. Results. It was found that during sclerotherapy in the treatment of EC in patients of the main group after the treatment, the dynamics of spermogram indices was more favorable than in the comparison group. In the long-term period (after 6-12 months), these patients had significantly higher levels of ejaculate volume and sperm count, the rate of movement of motile spermatozoa and the proportion of progressively motile spermatozoa than in the comparison group. The use of the sclerosing method increases the clinical efficacy of EC treatment, while the frequency of reproductive events (pregnancy in female partners of patients who underwent sclerotherapy) is 2.7 times higher than in the group where standard surgery was performed. Discussion. Over the past two decades, different authors have proposed different types of sclerosing substances. A number of studies are presented in the literature, the results of which have demonstrated the effectiveness of aspiration and sclerotherapy in the treatment of benign scrotal cysts. A sufficiently high efficiency of EC sclerotherapy was shown. We also found that the use of the sclerotherapy method increases the clinical effectiveness of EC treatment, while the frequency of reproductive events significantly increases. Conclusion. Sclerotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for obstructive azoospermia caused by EC.

Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis, Analysis of Epithelial Origin by Immunhistochemical Methods

Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis, Analysis of Epithelial Origin by Immunhistochemical Methods

Idiopathic Scrotal calcinosis cutis – does its pathogenesis link with epidermal cyst? A case report with review of literature from rural India

Idiopathic calcinosis cutis is characterized by multiple nodules present on scrotal skin. They are usually seen in young adults and present as painless, asymptomatic, round, and firm nodules. A 30-year-old male presented with painless, multiple scrotal nodules. The serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone were within normal limits. There was also no history of trauma. Clinically, it was diagnosed as sebaceous cyst. Fine-needle aspiration cytology examination was suggestive of epidermal inclusion cyst. Histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of idiopathic scrotal calcinosis cutis, thus suggesting that the dystrophic calcification of epidermal inclusion may be an initiating event in the pathogenesis of the idiopathic scrotal calcinosis cutis. The documentations regarding the association of idiopathic calcinosis cutis with epidermal cyst are not enough. Hence, this case report may enrich the scanty existing data.

Gigantic idiopathic scrotal calcinosis: A rare case report and review

Gigantic idiopathic scrotal calcinosis: A rare case report and review - IJCED- Print ISSN No: - 2581-4710 Online ISSN No:- 2581-4729 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/.2018.0015, IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology-IP Indian J Clin Exp Dermatol

Scrotal Epidermoid Cyst Presenting as Extra-Testicular Scrotal Mass: A Diagnostic Dilemma

We hereby report a scrotal epidermoid cyst presenting as a scrotal mass which a rare entity in the absence of trauma. 36years old male presents with a complaint of left sided testicular swelling and discomfort. The workup included clinical examination, alpha-fetoprotein (αFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) analyses and scrotal ultrasound. Clinically confused as testicular malignancy. Complete surgical excision of the cyst was performed. Histopathology confirmed epidermoid cyst with no evidence of malignancy.

Point of technique: Limited anterior scrotectomy and scrotoplasty for multiple epidermoid cysts of the scrotum

Multiple scrotal epidermoid cysts present a difficult challenge. Individual cyst excision for multiple cysts is painstaking, and there is a high risk of recurrence. If treated conservatively, multiple cysts may cause pain, become infected or cause problems with self-esteem due to the cosmetic appearance. We present a technique for excision of the anterior scrotal wall as a treatment for multiple scrotal epidermoid cysts. Level of evidence: Not applicable.

Multiple scrotal epidermal cysts: A clinical case

Multiple scrotal epidermal cysts: A clinical case

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis- a case series

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is an uncommon benign disorder of the extrascrotal skin which is characterized by multiple calcified intradermal nodules. It is usually asymptomatic and of unclear etiology. Patients often seek treatment for cosmesis. We report a case series of five patients with asymptomatic multiple calcified scrotal skin nodules. They underwent wide excision of the lesions and direct closure of the scrotum. We review the pathogenesis and surgical treatment options for this uncommon entity.