IDF Diabetes Atlas Research Articles

Anti-Diabetic Herbo-Mineral Drugs From Priya Nighantu

Ayurveda is the science of life mainly targets for Swasthasya Swathya Rakshanam and Aturasya Vikara Prashamanamcha i.e., maintaining the healthy state of the healthy person and treating the diseased person. Prameha is not a new challenge for Ayurveda, rather it’s a challenge for new generation following principles. Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease, is found to have much similarity with Prameha. Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem for the world in the 21st century. About 537 million adult were living with diabetes in 2021 according to IDF Diabetes Atlas and this number expected to raise upto 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. To get rid of this burning problem of society, we compiled some single effective and safe herbo-mineral remedy to control diabetes. Plants are the exclusive source of the drugs for the treatment of various ailments. Now days millions of people are dependent upon herbal medicines. Acharya Priyavrat sharma in his Priya nighantu describes various herbo-mineral drugs act upon Prameha (diabetes). Many treatment modalities mentioned in different Ayurvedic lexicon for Prameha. The present review study focus to screen drugs acting on Prameha (diabetes). 41 Dravya out of total 643 Dravya are described with Pramehahara property throughout the lexicon which includes herbal, mineral and food origin.

Beneficial effect of Barleria buxifolia leaves extract in the treatment of diabetes and associated complications

The global occurrence of diabetes has witnessed persistent escalation, starting from 151 million individuals in the year 2000, the time when the IDF Diabetes Atlas was initially introduced, to 285 million in 2009, and further reaching 382 million in 2013. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood plasma. This condition emerges as a consequence of insufficient insulin secretion, insulin resistance or both, subsequently leading to metabolic abnormalities. The plant known as Barleria buxifolia (BB), belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is intended to possess the ability to treat various ailments in the traditional Indian system of medicine. Hence, this research aims to investigate the effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of BB leaves on diabetic models of rats. STZ (60 mg/kg) was administered to induce diabetes in the rats. Both the extracts of BB were orally administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively to the normal and diabetic rats, commencing from the 3rd day until the 28th day. Blood samples were examined to determine glucose levels. The diabetic rats exhibited a notable rise in blood glucose levels. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of BB reduced the elevated glucose levels significantly (P > 0.01) and enhanced the body weight of rats. Thus, it can be inferred that BB possesses considerable potential for the management of diabetes mellitus.

A Systematic Literature Review on Diabetic Retinopathy Stage Diagnosis Using Deep Learning Approach

Diabetic retinopathy is a medical condition that occurs due to diabetic mellitus causing blindness in the later stages. As the name says it is caused for people with the diabetes of type 1 and type 2 for a period of 20 years or more. However, early diagnosis and proper treatment at the initial stages could reduce aggressive forms of threatening retinopathy by up to 90%. According to the 2019 census from the ninth edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas, India is put in the second slot right up to 2045 with people who are aged between 20-79 years. In 2019, India had 77 diabetic patients. In the recent survey of 2022 by the Union Health Ministry of India, almost 17% of the Indian population has diabetic retinopathy of which 3.6% is sight threatening. Specific to the rural population, 10.4% had diabetes of which 10.3% were diabetic retinopathy affected. From the WHO survey, it is estimated that by 2030, diabetics with retinopathy will increase by 50%. Without proper treatment, the individual is more likely to lose his vision. So, to prevent it, early detection of diabetic retinopathy and its stage is necessary. Key Words: Diabetic retinopathy, fundus, proliferative and non-proliferative, deep learning.

Ayurvedic management of Prameha - A Single Case Study

Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is one of the global problems of the present day and it is gaining more attention. It is expected to continue as a major health problem and leads to serious complications. India is one of the top 5 countries with the highest prevalence of DM. The IDF Diabetes Atlas (2021) reports that 10.5% of the adult population (20-79 years) has diabetes, with almost half unaware that they are living with the condition. By 2045, IDF projections show that 1 in 8 adults, approximately 783 million, will be living with diabetes, an increase of 46%.[1] The signs and symptoms of diabetes can be correlated to Prameha of Ayurveda. The management of Prameha is mentioned in Ayurveda as preventive and curative aspects. Ayurveda has recommended an appropriate use of Oushadha Yogas along with proper Pathya (wholesome) Ahara, and Viharas. On the same principles a patient was treated at OPD basis, this case report analyses the same. A male patient, aged 45 years, diagnosed case of Prameha 5 years back presented with dryness in the mouth, increased frequency of micturition, Excessive thirst, weakness of the body, and burning sensation at the sole. The treatment planned was use of Shamana Oushadhis along with proper Pathya (wholesome) Ahara, and Vihara for three months. After three months of treatments results were compared. There was a marked reduction in signs and symptoms like burning sensation, numbness, excessive thirst, and increased micturition.

Effect of Amla Powder and Turmeric Powder Consumption on Geriatric Subjects Suffering from Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is the most challenging public health problem of 21st century. International Diabetes Federation, (2015) reported 69.1 million cases of diabetes in India. Worldwide 2011 estimation of prevalence of diabetes in the elderly population (60 years & above) is between 15% to 20% (IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2012). The present study titled “Effect of amla powder and turmeric powder consumption on geriatric subjects (60 years & above) suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus” involved multistage random sampling technique. The study was conducted on 18 geriatric subjects residing in Kala Mahal & Pipal Mandi area of Agra city, randomly divided into 2 groups- experimental group (N1=8) and control group (N2=9). 2.5g each of amla powder and turmeric powder was consumed by experimental geriatric non-insulin dependent subjects for 45 continuous days and its effect on fasting and post prandial blood glucose level was recorded and compared with the control group. Demographic, anthropometric and dietary patterns of both groups was also recorded. Statistical tests were applied and it was found that consumption of amla powder and turmeric powder was significantly effective on geriatric subjects (60 years & above) and there was a significant drop in the fasting & post prandial blood glucose level of experimental group on 45th day of feeding trial. In the 24-hour diet recall average consumption of thiamine (mg) was significant at 95% confidence interval (p<0.05)nwhen t-test was applied while energy (kcal), protein (g), carbohydrates(g), fat(g), phosphorus (mg), iron (mg), vitamin A (mcg), riboflavin (mg), niacin (mg) and vitamin C (mg) intake were not significant (p>0.05).

Use of glucagon in severe hypoglycemia is scarce in most countries, and has not been expanded by new ready-to-use glucagons

Glucagon (traditional kits for intramuscular administration, Glucagon and Glucagen), although recommended as a remedy for severe hypoglycemia (SH), has been reported to be under-utilized, likely because of technical problems. The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of glucagon in persons with type 1 diabetes in several countries, and to investigate if the availability of new ready-to-use glucagons (Baqsimi, Gvoke, Zegalogue, years 2019 to 2021) has expanded the overall use of glucagon. The source of data was IQVIA-MIDAS (units of glucagon sold), while data on persons with type 1 diabetes in countries were derived from IDF Diabetes Atlas. The use of glucagon has been steady from 2014 to 2019, with a small but significant increase from 2019 to 2021, paradoxically only in countries where new ready-to-use glucagons were not available. The use of glucagon has always been ten fold greater in countries where new ready-to-use glucagons became available than in the other countries (population 108,000,000 vs 28,100,000, 480,291 vs 182,018 persons with type 1 diabetes). A significant correlation was observed in all years between units of glucagon and persons with type 1 diabetes. Availability of new ready-to-use glucagons was associated with a small increase of sales, due only to new ready-to-use glucagons themselves. The use of glucagon (any type) remains low, approximately 1/10 of persons with type 1 diabetes. We conclude that use of glucagon is scarce in most countries, and so far has not been expanded by new ready-to-use glucagons such as the ones considered in this study.

IDF21-0030 More than a third of SACA countries (South and Central America) do not have coverage of insulin, supplies and lab exams

Background: The IDF Diabetes Atlas 2019 points out that SACA is the region with the highest percentage of health expenditures on diabetes, 19.4%. The total number of individuals with diabetes in the region is 31.6 million, which means a prevalence of 9.4%. Countries with the largest percentage of expenditures are Cuba (24.3%), Brazil (24.2%), and Costa Rica (21.3%), while the lowest estimates are for Argentina (5.0%) and Uruguay (6.1%).

DEVELOPMENT OF TELEMEDICINE APPLICATION BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HANDLING OF DIABET FOOT

DEVELOPMENT OF TELEMEDICINE APPLICATION BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HANDLING OF DIABET FOOT

In vitro and in silico Screening of Bioactive Compounds from Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume as α-glucosidase Inhibitor

In vitro and in silico Screening of Bioactive Compounds from Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume as α-glucosidase Inhibitor

Pharmacists’ Role in Medication Consultation of Outpatients Type 2 Diabetes

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of pharmacists’ consultation about special dosage forms in diabetes outpatients at Ha Long Medical Center. Subjects and method: Diabetes type 2 patients were treated as outpatients and managed at Ha Long Medical Center between 01/3/2019 and 01/9/2019. This study is a prospective cohort study. Results: After the Pharmacist performs routine consulting duties, the percentage of patients with correct knowledge and appropriate use of insulin increased statistically (p<0.05). The proportions of patients who did not swallow whole tablets of Diamicron MR and Glucophage XR decreased significantly from 62.3% to 15.8% and from 56.6% to 15.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Pharmacists’ consultation plays a vital role in improving knowledge and use of special dosage forms in diabetes outpatient.
 Keyword: Medication counseling, modified release, insulin, diabetes.*
 
 
 * Corresponding author.
 E-mail address: haint@hup.edu.vn
 https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4360
 This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of pharmacists’ consultation about special dosage forms in diabetes outpatients at Ha Long Medical Center. Subjects and method: Diabetes type 2 patients were treated as outpatients and managed at Ha Long Medical Center between 01/3/2019 and 01/9/2019. This study is a prospective cohort study. Results: After the Pharmacist performs routine consulting duties, the percentage of patients with correct knowledge and appropriate use of insulin increased statistically (p<0.05). The proportions of patients who did not swallow whole tablets of Diamicron MR and Glucophage XR decreased significantly from 62.3% to 15.8% and from 56.6% to 15.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Pharmacists’ consultation plays a vital role in improving knowledge and use of special dosage forms in diabetes outpatient.
 Keyword: Medication counseling, modified release, insulin, diabetes.
 References
 [1] International Diabetes Federation, IDF Diabetes Atlas 9th Edition, 2019.[2] S. Ahmad, M. T. Osman et al., Education of Correct Insulin Injection Technique amongst Diabetic Patients: Outcome Study from Malaysia, International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 6, 2016, pp. 198-205.[3] F. A. Sefidani, E. P. Riazi, Impact of Pharmacist Intervention on Appropriate Insulin Pen Use in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural Area in Iran, Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2017, pp. 114-119, https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_16_151.[4] D. T. Hang, N. T. Hai, et al., Survey Onknowledge and Impacts of Medication Consultation in Diabetes Patients in Phuc Yen Region General Hospital, VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 2, 2017, pp. 85-93, https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4076 (in Vietnamese).[5] Electronic Medicines Compendium (EMC), Diamicron 30 mg MR Tablets, https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1321/smpc, (accessed on: January 10th, 2019).[6] Electronic Medicines Compendium (EMC), Glucophage XR 500 mg Prolonged Release Tablets, http:// www.medicines.org.uk/emc/ medicine /20952 (accessed on: January 10th, 2019).[7] Electronic Medicines Compendium (EMC), Lantus SoloStar 100 units/ml Solution for Injection in a Pre-filled Pen, http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/22447, (accessed on: January 10th, 2019). [8] Electronic Medicines Compendium (EMC), Mixtard 100 units/ml Solution for Injection in a Pre-filled Pen, http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/21366 (accessed on: January 10th, 2019).[9] J. Jiajia, L. Qingqing, Insulin Pen Injection Technique Survey in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Mainland China in 2010, Current Medical Research and Opinion, Vol. 30, No. 6, 2014, pp. 1087-1093 , https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2014.895711.[10] N. T. Kien, Implemented the Pharmacist's Consultation in Using Insulin in Diabetes Outpatients at Dan Phuong District General Hospital, Master Thesis, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 2020, pp. 49-50.
 
 

Exploring the multifaceted role of TGF-β signaling in diabetic complications.

Diabetes is one of the most comprehensive metabolic disorders and is spread across the globe. The data from IDF Diabetes Atlas and National Diabetes Statistics mentions that the number of patients with diabetes is increasing at an exponential rate which is challenging the current therapeutics used for the management of diabetes. However, current therapies used for the treatment may provide symptomatic relief but lack in preventing the progression of the disease and thereby limiting the treatment of diabetes-associated complications. A thorough review and analysis were conducted using various databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar to extract the available information on challenges faced by current therapies which have triggered the development of novel molecules or drugs. From the analysis, it was analyzed that transforming growth factor βs (TGF-βs) have been shown to exhibit pleiotropic activity and are responsible for maintaining homeostasis and its overexpression is convoluted in the pathogenesis of various disorders. Therefore, developing drugs that block TGF-β signaling may provide therapeutic benefits. This extensive review concluded that drugs targeting TGF-β signaling pathway and its subsequent blockade have shown promising results and hold the potential to become drugs of choice in the management of diabetes and associated complications.

IDF Diabetes Atlas: The prevalence of pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy – A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published during 2010–2020

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy from studies published during 2010–2020. MethodsWe searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and other sources for relevant data sources. The prevalence of overall pre-existing, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, by country, region and period of study was synthesised from included studies using the inverse-variance heterogeneity model and the Freeman-Tukey transformation. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and publication bias using funnel plots. ResultsWe identified 2479 records, of which 42 data sources with a total of 78 943 376 women, met the eligibility criteria. The included studies were from 17 countries in North America, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, Australasia, Asia and Africa. The lowest prevalence was in Europe (0.5%, 95 %CI 0.4–0.7) and the highest in the Middle East and North Africa (2.4%, 95 %CI 1.5–3.1). The prevalence of pre-existing diabetes doubled from 0.5% (95 %CI 0.1–1.0) to 1.0% (95 %CI 0.6–1.5) during the period 1990–2020. The pooled prevalences of pre-existing type 1 and type 2 diabetes were 0.3% (95 %CI 0.2–0.4) and 0.2% (95 %CI 0.0–0.9) respectively. ConclusionWhile the prevalence of pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy is low, it has doubled from 1990 to 2020.

Applying Logistic Regression to Predict Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Some Clinical and Paraclinical Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Applying Logistic Regression to Predict Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Some Clinical and Paraclinical Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Evaluating Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitory Activity of Bioactive Compounds from Momordica charantia for Diabetes Treatment Type 2 by using Molecular Docking Method

Evaluating Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitory Activity of Bioactive Compounds from Momordica charantia for Diabetes Treatment Type 2 by using Molecular Docking Method

Study of dietary pattern, and lifestyles among Type-2 diabetic patients

In 21st century diabetes is one of the most challenging health problems. According to IDF diabetes Atlas 9th edition 2019, estimates approximately 463 million adults 20-79 years age group are with diabetes and by 2045, nearly 700 million adults is expected to have diabetes. Risk factors like age, sex family history, physical activity, BMI, dietary pattern were assessed to find their association with diabetes.A community based cross-sectional study was conducted during February to March 2019 among 100 respondents of 30-60 years of age group in Deoria and Karaundi Varanasi. Out of which 54 female and 46 male were interviewed by using pretested semi- structured interview. Pregnant women and patients with type 1 diabetes were excluded from the study.In the present study maximum 43% study subjects were in the age group of (40-50) years. Most of the patients were housewife that is 35%. Most common complication is ophthalmic like retinopathy, cataract and blur vision in 43% respondents and 54% respondents have diabetes since less than 5 years. By the reveal information about medical behavior out of the total respondents 24% were dependent upon insulin and remain 76% were not taking insulin. 65% respondents were regularly checking their blood glucose level and 35% were not checking regularly.The study shows that the positive significant associations between complications of diabetes and dietary pattern. Physical activity like regular exercise and walking, fiber rich diet, regular blood glucose checkup after 35 years are some of preventive measures which can control diabetes.

Impaired host response and the presence of Acinetobacter baumannii in the serum microbiome of type-II diabetic patients.

SummaryType II diabetes (T2D) affects over 10% of the US population and is a growing disease worldwide that manifests with numerous comorbidities and defects in inflammation. This dysbiotic host response allows for infection of the host by numerous microorganisms. In the course of T2D disease, individuals can develop chronic infections including foot ulcers and periodontitis, which lead to further complications and opportunistic infections in multiple body sites. In this study, we investigated the serum of healthy subjects and patients with T2D with (T2DP) or without periodontitis for both microbiome signatures in addition to cytokine profiles. Surprisingly, we detected the presence of Acinetobacter baumanii in the serum of 23% individuals with T2D/T2DP tested. In T2DP, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ were significantly elevated in ABC-positive subjects. As an emerging pathogen, A. baumanii infection represents a risk for impaired inflammation and the development of comorbidities in subjects with T2D.

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions among the patients suffering diabetes mellitus type II with hearing impairment

Topicality: Objective research methods of the auditory analyzer are of great importance in diagnosis sensorineural disorders of auditory function, treatment of such diseases and solving a number of expert questions. While diagnosis the damage of auditory system, especially the receptor part of the auditory analyzer the method of the caused OAE on the frequency distortion product (DPOAE) plays a significant role. Quite often at sensorineural hearing loss of different genesis is observed an affection of cochlea structures of the inner ear. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most acute medical and social problems. According to the latest data, there are 463 million adults with diabetes mellitus in the world; accounting for 9.3% of the world's total population, meaning that 1 among 11 people suffers from diabetes (IDF Diabetes Atlas 9th edition, 2019). Among patients with diabetes, according to various authors, there are disorders in the auditory analyzer. Purpose: to determine changes in the condition of the receptor part of auditory analyzer according to the OAE registration of the frequency of distortion products among patients with diabetes mellitus type II with impaired auditory function. Materials and methods: 17 patients with diabetes mellitus type II were examined, who, according to subjective audiometry, revealed impairments of auditory function of the I-II degree. The control group consisted of 15 healthy normal-hearing persons who did not report hearing impairment, had no elevated blood sugar levels. 32 persons were examined in total. The registration of the caused OAE at frequency of distortion product (DPOAE) was conducted on the analyzing system "Eclipse" "Interacoustics" (Denmark) at frequencies 1-6 kHz. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out according to the conventional methods of mathematical variation statistics using the STATISTICA software package. The average value of indicators was calculated - magnitude (M) and its error (+- m). The probability of changes and differences between the comparative values was estimated by the criterion for the reliability of the difference (t) according to the Student's table. Results and discussion: We have selected for the analysis patients with diabetes mellitus type II, who according to subjective audiometry revealed impaired auditory function. Patients also reported otologic complaints of hearing loss, periodic or persistent subjective ear noise. As a result of the OAE researches at frequency distortion products, the following data were obtained. A full adequate response of the otoacoustic emission across all frequency spectrums was reported in only 3 patients (9.4% of cases) on the one hand. The majority of the observed patients in whom the OAE was registered received a partially positive test (68.7%). In 7 patients (21.8%) the OAE response was not registered. The absence of OAE response or a partially positive registration in 90.6% of the observed patients indicated violation function of the cochlea in such patients. The DPOAE (response intensity) emission amplitude at all tested frequencies (1-6 kHz) in patients with diabetes mellitus type II was significantly (P<0.01) lower than the norm at all frequencies. Particularly pronounced such a decrease is in the area of 4 kHz, where the amplitude of the OAE response was 5.9±0.2 dB at a norm of 9.4±0.5 dB. Therefore, in patients with diabetes mellitus type II with hearing impairment, there are changes in the receptor part of the auditory analyzer, which is confirmed by the data of objective examination methods. The changes we have identified in the OAE indicators may express the affection of the receptor structures of the auditory analyzer among patients with diabetes mellitus type II with impaired auditory function. The information obtained on the OAE indicators provides the detection of early violations and the objective ascertainment of changes in the receptor part of the hearing analyzer in diabetes mellitus type II. Conclusions: 1. OAE data on the frequency of distortion products in patients with diabetes mellitus type II objectively confirm the presence of violations in the auditory receptor. 2. In patients with diabetes mellitus type II, the OAE amplitude at the frequency of distortion products is significantly lower than normal at all tested frequencies (1-6 kHz). Particularly pronounced such a decrease is in the area of 4 kHz, where the amplitude of the OAE response was 5.9±0.2 dB at a norm of 9.4±0.5 dB. 3. The conducted researches prove the expediency of examination by the method of registration of OAE of patients with diabetes mellitus type II, since it promotes the early detection of violation in the receptor structures of the auditory analyzer in such patients. 4. The use of the method of recording otoacoustic emissions in the examination of patients with type II diabetes is important for the objectification of early signs of sensorineural hearing impairment in this contingent.

Glomerular Filtration Rate Calculation Based on Serum Creatinin and Cystatin C in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Glomerular Filtration Rate Calculation Based on Serum Creatinin and Cystatin C in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Study on α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity and DPPH free radical scavenging of green coffee bean extract (Coffea canephora)

Abstract: α-glucosidase enzyme is one of the important molecular targets in the treatment of diabetes. In addition, free radicals are the cause of insulin resistance, damage β- cell pancreatic, glucose uptake disorders and induced diabetes. In this study we evaluated the inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase enzyme and antioxidant effect by using DPPH free radical scavenging method of green coffee bean extract (Coffea canephora) and its fractions. Coffee beans were pulverized, extracted with ethanol 70% by sonications, and fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH) solvents. Our results showed that coffee bean extract has a strong α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity, especially EtOAc fraction with an IC50 value of 2.21 ± 0.04 µg/mL. Furthermore, the coffee bean extract has an antioxidant effect by DPPH radical scavenging ability, and EtOAc fraction has the highest effect with an IC50 value of 25.69 ± 3.08 µg/ml. Our results show that green coffee beans and EtOAc fraction have potential effect in preventing and supporting for the treatment of diabetes.
 Keywords
 Coffee; Coffea canephora; free radical; α-glucosidase; DPPH.
 References
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IDF Diabetes Atlas: Diabetes and oral health – A two-way relationship of clinical importance

The current scientific evidence for the bi-directional associations between oral health and diabetes is summarized. The universal biologic mechanisms and demographic and behavioral risk drivers underlying these associations in both directions are also described.Dysglycemia, even slightly elevated blood sugar levels, adversely affects oral health, manifesting itself in several oral diseases and conditions. In the opposite direction, any oral infection with its subsequent local and systemic inflammatory responses adversely affects blood glucose levels. Moreover, painful, mobile, or missing teeth may lead to intake of soft food items representing a sub-optimal diet and hence poor nutrition, and thereby contribute to incident type 2 diabetes or to poorer glucose control in existing diabetes.Treatment of inflammation related oral conditions, such as non-surgical periodontal treatment and extraction of infected teeth, can lead to a clinically significant decrease in blood glucose levels. Attention to infectious oral diseases and referral to dental care professionals for treatment can therefore be an important novel tool for medical care professionals in preventing and managing diabetes mellitus.Dental professionals can detect unrecognized potential dysglycemia and refer for medical examination.Such interprofessional, patient centered care may contribute to improved health, wellbeing, and quality of life in people with diabetes.