Global Ideology Research Articles

Strategi Bela Negara untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Nasional di Era Globalisasi

Pancasila is often seen as an ideology that deals with global ideologies, such as capitalism and liberalism. The Pancasila that was built is for common welfare and social justice for all Indonesian people. This article aims to find out the national defense strategies that can be carried out to increase national resilience in the era of globalization. This research uses a qualitative approach through the literature study method. The main source of this research data is the research article published through google scholar. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the dynamic implementation of Pancasila values in the life of society, nation, and state so that Pancasila remains relevant in its function as a guideline for decision-making and problem-solving in the life of the nation and state, and so that the loyalty of citizens and citizens to Pancasila is maintained. In the era of globalization, the strategy of defending the country is very important to increase national resilience. Therefore, governments, communities, and non-governmental organizations must work together to create effective national defense strategies to ensure national security and resilience and increase public awareness of the importance of national defense to enhance national resilience

What happened to neocolonialism? The rise and fall of a critical concept

ABSTRACT This article is a history of the idea of neocolonialism from its first use in the 1960s to its more recent deployments in the 2010s. During the decolonization period, the concept of neocolonialism was a powerful ideological and analytical tool in the service of the global anti-colonial movement to denounce the persistence of subordinate relations between the former colonizers and the newly independent countries. The article argues that the decline of the concept was the result of the crisis of the postcolonial state in the 1980s and the parallel rise of the theory and ideology of globalization which was based on opposite theoretical premises. The crisis of the popularity of globalization in the 2010s has made room for a return of critical concepts in the analysis of international politics and, among them, neocolonialism. This new wave of literature on neocolonialism remains fragmented, undertheorized, and, unlike its heyday in the 1960s and 1970s, disconnected from social and political movements. Moreover, Western-based sources have recently started using the concept to describe China’s activities in the Global South in a problematic way that seems to attribute solely to Beijing the very neocolonial practices that Western powers are normally denounced for.

Internalisasi Kearifan Lokal Huma Betang Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Paham Radikalisme

In the last few weeks there has been a quite striking sight with the proliferation of large banners and billboards which speak of calls for massive efforts to resist and combat intolerance, radicalism and terrorism. It is admitted that radicalism, which is currently a trend and in the news recently, is not only a problem experienced by the government. This global ideology has become a common enemy for Indonesian people from all walks of life who may be exposed to these dangers. Much has been done in the form of programs and prevention efforts carried out by the government in order to tackle radicalism, carried out through a method known as deradicalization, not only the government's responsibility, but also the activeness of universities in preventing ideology, spreading antidotes and socializing countermeasures. Deradicalization is an effort to reduce radical activities and neutralize radical ideas for those involved and indicated to follow these methods. There are actually many ways to reduce, control and prevent the massive radicalism that is currently so massive. One of them is an effort to internalize the local wisdom of Huma Betang as one of many approaches. at University. In the researcher's view, this is a good step as a process of incorporating and anchoring the code of conduct and life guidelines of the Dayak people of Central Kalimantan which have been tested for a long time in the form of noble Belom Bahadat (civilized and ethical living), handep is (mutual help), Hampahari /Pahari (brotherhood and togetherness in life) and Hapakat Basara (mutual consensus in life).

Al-Qaeda as a spatial orientated movement: interactions between transnational and local jihadism

ABSTRACT This article argues that al-Qaeda exists as a spatially orientated movement, a movement that considers local dynamics, both national and sub-national drivers, as part of its ideological formation. With that in mind, al-Qaeda exhibits a duality of ideologies, at once, illustrating elements of a wider global ideology at the organisational level, as well locally rooted, contextually relevant, ideological elements at the affiliate level. However, rather than a tension that exists within the movement as is sometimes argued, it is argued here that this heterogeneity is a conscious, although imperfect, strategic choice. This not only develops our understanding of al-Qaeda as a movement seeks to balance transnational goals with local appeal but also has implications for practitioners as it is argued that through this consideration al-Qaeda has been able to enhance survivability in disparate and diverse contexts.

Tout-Monde

"All-World" is a conceptual tool put forward by Martinique philosopher Édouard Glissant, through which he proposes to rethink our erratic world and our presence in it, overcoming the ideologies of borders, ghettos and globalization against all forms of standardization that trivialize differences. This way of thinking recognizes the interconnections, entanglements and interdependencies of cultures and individuals generated by an irresistible and unpredictable process of creolization. It advocates the vision of a totality-world in all its diversity and excesses, to desire it, to dream it and to live it in the poetics of Relation, through the imaginary and in a form of rooted wandering that allows us to venture beyond our only place without getting lost.

Resisting Biographical Illusions: Pandurang Khankhoje, Indian Revolutionaries and the Anxiety to be Remembered

Abstract Recently, there has been a growing discussion concerning the way historians should approach the study of Indian revolutionaries both within and outside the subcontinent. Described as ‘the revolutionary turn’, this area of research has not only explored the porosity and ambiguity in defining individuals as revolutionaries but has also questioned the way such revolutionaries sought to write themselves into history as a political act. Continuing this line of interrogation, this article examines the retrospective political claims of heroic revolutionary belonging by analysing the autobiographical notes left by Pandurang Khankhoje, a peripatetic Indian who left his country pursuing dreams of revolution. While in the last decade Khankhoje has become an iconic character in writing histories about global solidarities and anti-colonial resistance, this article asks to what extent can historians believe self-described revolutionary narratives. As this article shows, these narratives privilege what Pierre Bourdieu has called ‘biographical illusion’, the organisation of life as a history that unfolds coherently and chronologically from beginning to end. Political or ideological differences and inconsistencies are flattened in the name of global ideologies or solidarities. As an attempt to disrupt these narratives, this article will focus on the silences, absences and ‘unreliability’ of the experiences and sources used to understand the work and lives of Indian revolutionaries abroad, such as Khankhoje, Lala Har Dayal and M. N. Roy. This article argues that the story of revolutionaries reveals important details about how they understood the racial, political and gender structures of different societies in the early twentieth century.

Liu Bei, Plato et al. on Kingship: A Microhistory of Seventeenth-Century Globalization and Political Thought

This paper is a microhistory of a seventeenth-century approach to global political thought, one that seeks to theorize globally shared conditions beyond the East/West divide. It focuses on the Spanish thinker Domingo Fernández Navarrete, who, after his global travels, offered a unique account of a king's dual pains by comparing Liu Bei, a Chinese emperor, to Plato, Seneca, Aquinas, etc. It contends that Navarrete's embodied theory of kingship deepens the Thomist conception of the body politic and forms a part of the global re-reading of Liu Bei. In so doing, this paper also seeks to clarify different senses of globality and further the dialogue between global history and comparative political theory.

The salafi da’wa movement in Jakarta from the perspective of media glocalization

Salafi is a transnational Islamic movement. In Indonesia, the spread of Salafism is influenced by graduates from the Middle East. As a conservative movement, the Salafi community in Jakarta has been different from its early days. Today they are a movement that enjoys modernity and negotiates its ideology. This research aims to investigate and analyze the occurrence of glocalization on the global ideology of the Salafi movement with local aspects in Jakarta, and to what extent this glocalization influences the transformation of their dakwah media to localize their ideology for acceptance on a local scale. This research uses the theory of glocalization through media by Jan Servaes and Rico Lie. The first concept of glocalization through media theory explains it from a transformationalist perspective. Second, this theory explains hybridization in glocalization. Third, it explains globalization, localization, and cultural identity. The three concepts in this theory become a reference in research related to the Salafi da'wah movement in Jakarta. The results of the discussion and analysis of the glocalization media of the Salafi da'wah movement in Jakarta show that in responding to globalization, the Salafi community at the Nurul Iman Blok M Square Mosque is transformationalist. They hybridize their global ideology by negotiating the Pancasila ideology which is a local ideology so that the process of glocalization of da'wah can be accepted by the local community. Through the media, one of their preachers also hybridizes ideology with a display that represents local symbols by wearing a black skullcap or national cap that is identical to the Indonesian cultural cap. Salafi communities in Jakarta also hybridize their fundamental ideology with media products as global or Western products in the context of media glocalization.

Modern design: a historical choice in favor of globalization

The object of this research is design as a cultural phenomenon and its historical formation. The subject of the study is the modernist design episteme, which began its formation in the paradigm of modernity. The purpose of the study is to show that in the modernist project, the development of design as a cultural phenomenon was not rigidly determined, and could have taken a different path. However, the historical choice was made in favor of American functionalism and European international design. International design creates a subject and information environment that is suitable for any country, regardless of the cultural context. This design meets the goals of globalization. At the same time, the essence of design also allows for such applications as the aestheticization of reality and the preservation of cultural identity. The main conclusion of the study is that the historical development of the design phenomenon could have taken a different path. The current state of design is determined by the vector of globalization, which was set during the transition from to modernism. This vector is the result of a choice in favor of functionalism, a style that meets the ideology of globalization, the transformation of society into a homogeneous consumer environment. It was during the Art Nouveau period that the genesis of design could have taken a different path, since Art Nouveau was originally a project of aestheticization and spiritualization of the subject environment, however, history has developed so that design has chosen a vector of development associated with functionalism. The scientific novelty of the study is connected with this conclusion, since so far the history of design has been interpreted unambiguously, from the standpoint of the advantages of international style and functionalism. While the phenomenon of design is broader, and may include the possibility of preserving cultural identity, which was discussed in the modern era.

The Global Roots of Modern Indian Radical Nationalism

The review takes as its starting point the book by Marzia Casolari In the Shadow of the Swastika: The Relationships Between Indian Radical Nationalism, Italian Fascism, and Nazism in order to look at the impact of global ideologies on the growth of interwar period Hindu radical nationalism (Hindutva), focussing on the transnational developments that influenced it. The tumultuous nature of Hindutva continues to have a stronghold in India even today, especially since the coming of a right-wing Bharatiya Janta Party government, which makes it even more important to study its origins.

The Genesis of the Afghan Mashrūṭah Movement

This article studies the global and transnational history of the Afghan constitutionalist (mashrūṭah) movement in the early twentieth century. It aims to contribute to the intellectual history of Afghanistan and examine it within the history of modernity, Islam, and reforms in the region, particularly in the late Ottoman Empire. It rejects the notion that the Afghan mashrūṭah movement was an indistinct group of people with a unitary ideology and argues that the Afghan mashrūṭah was an intellectually, socially, ethnically, politically diverse and complex movement, the product of intellectual, political, religious, and economic interactions of Afghans with multifaceted global ideologies such as colonialism, nationalism, Ittihad-i Islam, and top-down modernization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Идеоматериальные полисистемы и политика

The article proposes a theoretical concept of social ideomaterial polysystems (SMPS), considers its applications in the field of political science. The highest type of SMPS are civilizations, the most complex systems in the universe. IMPS is a complex of ideomaterial systems (IMS). SMPS are holistic sociocultural systems that make up a developed society. A feature of such systems is that some of the elements of these systems are material, and some are ideal, many of them do not have clear boundaries, the strength of interactions in these systems and between them varies from weak and unstable to strong and constant. Ideomaterial systems of people, artifacts and, in some cases, animals and plants form an integrity due to the system of ideas that unites them. It gives meaning to social IMPS, unites the community, determines its behavior and direction of development. IMPS are very diverse: they can be scientific communities in which science brings together scientists, scientific instruments, theory, texts, social institutions, buildings; it can be religions in which faith unites priests, parishioners, temples, sacred texts and attributes, there can be simpler communities, like sports fans, there can be large and small non-profit organizations united by some social goals. The complex of ideas on which these systems are based is of a holistic character. Humans and other material elements also form holistic systems. These systems are necessarily self-reproducing, that is they must reproduce the people who carry the ideas, making them, respectively, scientists, believers, chess players, fans, music lovers, and so on. Each of these people can simultaneously be an element of other ideo-material systems, giving them part of the time of their lives. These systems often have fuzzy boundaries, they are also in a network of regular and sporadic, synergistic and antagonistic interactions with each other. They compete for the time of people, their carriers. A huge number of interacting IMSIs create systems of systems: modern civilizations. For the analysis of complexes and conglomerates formed by ideo-material systems located in a network of fuzzy interactions, the concept of polysystems by I. Even-Zohar was used. The largest ideomaterial polysystems include ethnic groups, nations, states, world religions and global ideologies. Based on a few existing scientific approaches, the central of which is the sociology of knowledge, the general principles of organization and self-reproduction of such unifying systems of ideas are analyzed. As a measure of the power of ideomaterial polysystems, it is proposed to use the total time spent by the communities of these systems to maintain their functioning. Possible directions of application of the concept of ideomaterial polysystems in political research are considered.

Regional Intergovernmental Organization Response to COVID-19: The Impact of Neoliberalism on Bureaucratic Autonomy.

COVID-19 is a transboundary crisis that crosses political boundaries and affects critical infrastructure. Given the ongoing nature of COVID-19, it is vital to recognize the factors that impact an organization’s ability to respond to crises. In this article, we use the concept of bureaucratic autonomy discussed by Bauer and Ege (2016) to examine the response of four regional intergovernmental organizations. We find here that neoliberalism as a dominating global ideology has transformed the autonomy of action dimension into autonomy of finance, with the focus on enabling private firms through adjusting incentive structures, rather than taking direct action. Organizations that lack this autonomy become the benefactors of other dominant neoliberal financing institutions, thus furthering the entrenchment of neoliberalism and neoliberal finance.JEL Classification: F53, F55, P16

Review: Knowledge, Ideology, and Civilization: An Attempt at Understanding History (Arabic Edition), by Ali Jarbawi

Review: <i>Knowledge, Ideology, and Civilization: An Attempt at Understanding History (Arabic Edition)</i>, by Ali Jarbawi

Small/medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Competitiveness: A Global Perspective Competitiveness of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

As the level of competition rises across industries, many Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) find it difficult to adapt to the rapidly transforming marketplace, develop new products, and, if required, distinguish themselves in the eyes of consumers. Market-driven strategies for competitive development are made more manageable by the amount of competition that SMEs confront and overcome. In that regard, this is contribution provides a critical assessment of the concept of competitiveness in SMEs, which is a concept used to define the firm’s odds of succeeding against competitors in a particular market or industry. This paper centralizes the ideology of globalization as a major driver that stimulates competition in SMEs across the world. This ideology is confirmed by the fact that the nature of exporting is increasing dramatically as the world continues to evolve. In conclusion, this paper agrees that globalization and exporting have a significant effect on the capacity of SMEs to compete both locally and internationally.

Jihadist Ideological Conflict and Local Governance in Mali

In West Africa’s Sahel region, franchises of global jihadist groups like Islamic State and al-Qaeda proliferate. So far, the dynamics of jihadist groups in the Sahel have predominantly been studied through analyses of the material and strategic dimensions of the struggle. Curiously, little attention has paid to how religiously-informed worldviews inform their expansion. Drawing on the concept of “epistemic worldviews”, this article explores how local leaders of al-Qaeda and Islamic State franchises frame their fight. It argues that transnational jihadist ideology matters; both for how different jihadist groups compete to mobilize new followers as well as for how they implement new models of jihadist governance. Contributing to ongoing debates about the transnationalization of jihad, the article shows that in the intra-jihadist contestation between the groups in Mali, global jihadist concepts are negotiated, contested, and constituted by the groups as they go along. Thereby global jihadist ideology comes to provide both a cause and an effect of contestations and conflicts between the expanding jihadist groups in the Sahel.

On the Issue of Global Governance in the 21st Century: Approaches of Russia, China and the U. S

The international system, like any other, needs to be regulated. Obviously, a purposeful and thoughtful direction of the international development dynamics is preferable to a spontaneous and fragmented alignment in the spirit of the Hobbesian idea of «a war of all against all». In this context, the idea of global governance proves viable, despite the declining recognition and relative marginalization of the concept, on par with the number of mentions. International life in the 21st century did not turn out to be as well-adjusted as it was seen by the proponents of liberal globalization and neoliberal ideology immediately after the end of the Cold War. Not surprisingly, that today pessimism about the possibilities for real action in global governance far exceeds the optimism of the first post-bipolar decade. In addition to different interpretations and theoretical basis of global governance, the article reveals the role of the leading world powers - Russia, China and the United States in the multilevel GG architecture through great-power triangular interaction. The author proves that not a single leading world power or group of states can maintain order-forming processes alone. The U.S., China and Russia, in one way or another, pin their hopes on preserving and/or restoring and/or acquiring global leadership. Each of the powers pursues its own strategy of global governance against the backdrop of promoting its own ideas about the world order.

The Afrotopic Economies of Felwine Sarr

Senegalese writer, scholar, and public intellectual Felwine Sarr has risen in international prominence over the last decade due to his contributions to a wide range of interdisciplinary, public projects of social engagement towards African global equity. This article considers these projects in light of Sarr’s disciplinary origins as an economist and his early transdisciplinary forays into literature. I argue that Sarr’s first three literary works – Dahij (2009), 105 rue Carnot (2011), and Méditations africaines (2012) – subtly interweave economic analysis with representations of African subjectivity and relationality. I show that Sarr’s early literary work critiques the existing global systems of values, symbols, and narratives that have always constructed Africa as a site of crisis, impoverishment, and exploitation. They then center intimate humanistic concerns as dissenting acts against global capitalist ideologies. This analysis shows Sarr’s literature to be emblematic of contemporary reconfigurations of African literary engagement.

The Lunge of Global Ideologies: The Challenges of Pancasila Ideology Education in the Middle of Global Existence in the Era of Globalization

Global ideology brings many impacts for the development of a nation's character, especially the younger generation. In the midst of various ideologies that are often not in line with cultural values and national principles, nationalism education is considered to be a middle way as a form for the younger generation in the midst of global ideological attacks. This paper aims to analyze the role of nationalism education in becoming a bulwark of global ideology for the younger generation in three countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. This study looks at how Pancasila Education, Moral and Character Education, and National Education are able to have a significant impact on strengthening the character of young people. This study uses a mixed approach between empirical and normative, where this research study focuses on nationalism and nationalism education in fortifying young people. Several previous studies on the role of Pancasila Education have been carried out, but none of these studies compare the practice in several countries with different state ideologies and concepts, therefore this research has a high level of urgency and novelty. This study found that Pancasila Education, which is widely practiced in several countries other than Indonesia, is included in Nationalism and Nationality Education, National Ideology Education, and Moral and Character Education as one of the educations that must be taken by students in formal education at all levels of education. In addition, the model of education is adapted to the needs of each school, level of education, and students. This study also emphasizes that this type of education has a significant impact on strengthening the character and sense of nationalism in young people.

Exploring lived experiences of Black female English teachers in South Korea: understanding travelling intersectionality and subjectivities

ABSTRACT English language teaching has become a global phenomenon, involving racially and culturally diverse teachers travelling across national borders. While these transnational teachers bring diversity to host countries, the superiority of White native English speakers continues to be reinforced. This raciolinguistic ideology can uniquely shape the subjectivities of English language teachers of colour who sojourn abroad. Focusing on three African American female teachers of English who were participating in the English Program in Korea (EPIK) to teach in South Korean schools and posting YouTube videos to describe their experiences, this qualitative study examined the nature of their experiences and intersecting subjectivities regarding race, colour, language, gender, and nationality, as well as privilege and marginality as they are expressed online. The analysis focused on how intersectionality, a notion originally developed to describe Black women’s unique experiences in the United States, would be applied to this transnational context. A thematic analysis of a total of 12 videos revealed these EPIK teachers’ multifaceted and negotiated subjectivities as American teachers, victims of racial prejudice, and ambassadors with a mission to educate local people. These subjectivities signify the intersectionality of privilege and marginality, which are embedded in the local and global ideologies and power relations.