Ideological Sources Research Articles

Народный делиберативный конституционализм как коллективная мудрость: понятие и предназначение в российской и сравнительной конституционной юриспруденции

The article identifies the ideological sources of collective wisdom, the doctrinal and normative foundations of popular deliberative constitutionalism, some aspects of the inclusive constitutional paradigm, procedures, and technologies for the participation of citizens and civil society institutions in constitutional modernization and constitutional changes in the context of Russian and comparative experience. The article considers popular deliberative constitutionalism as a meta-concept that can be used to analyze prescriptive requirements and promising principles in the constitutional modernization of the state and society, forms and procedures for citizen participation in constitutional changes, processes of preparation and implementation of constitutional changes in the modern period. Popular constitutionalism in scientific works develops as a special doctrinal, normative, and procedural basis for the implementation of the principle of popular sovereignty, the constituent power of the people, the involvement of citizens and civil society institutions in the process of constitutional changes. The author concludes that constitutional collective wisdom in the information age arises as a result of the use of both analog and digital technologies, classical procedures for discussion and the use of aggregated preferences, and a combination of natural and artificial intelligence.

Veganism as anti-anthropocentrism the potential of vegan advocacy discourse

Proceeding from an identification of anthropocentrism as the ideological bedrockof interconnected human to nonhuman animal and intra-human oppressions,and the central role played by discourse in transmitting and normalisinganthropocentrism and its consequences, this article provides a critical explorationof four ways in which vegan advocacy discourse can undermineanthropocentrism in its various manifestations. These include: the centring of thebeyond-human interests of nonhuman animals through ethical veganargumentation and the simultaneous decentring and invalidating of the humaninterests in exploiting them; the exposing of the oppressive reality of animalproducts for the affected nonhuman animals, in opposition to the connectedindustries’ efforts to manufacture the public’s understanding of animal productproduction; the eroding of the discriminatory, otherising human/animaldichotomy through the championing of shared animality between humans andother animals and the decentring of human-supremacist judgements to thecontrary; and an intersectional analysis of nonhuman and human oppressionswhich recognises their common ideological source under the inherentlyoppressive system of capitalism. Several potential anthropocentric or otherwisecounterproductive pitfalls of each recommended discourse strategy are alsoconsidered. In providing said critical exploration, the author hopes to havesupported the case for veganism’s indispensable contribution to opposing theinterconnected nonhuman and human oppressions of Western societies, andelucidated some key ways in which vegan advocates can enact this potential.

Instinct, Suprresion and Catharsis: The Psychological Source and Guidance of Teenagers' Network Ideology in the Era of Big Data

The unique educational attributes of the big data era can not only improve the audience's acceptance effect, but also accelerate the overall process of achieving ideological security education goals, playing a certain role in maintaining the unity of youth's thinking and daily behavior. Youth are the "core indigenous people" in the field of the Internet. Big data and mobile communication have brought new changes to the lifestyle and values of young people. In an era full of data, linking big data with life, work, and education is a contemporary issue that we should pay attention to and think about. The purpose of this study is to explore the psychological sources and guidance methods of adolescent online ideology in the era of big data. Firstly, through literature analysis and empirical research, we found that psychological factors such as instincts, repression, and venting among adolescents have a significant impact on their online ideology. Secondly, we utilized methods such as questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews to explore the relationship between different psychological sources and online ideology. Finally, we propose a series of targeted guidance strategies, including enhancing self-awareness, cultivating a healthy mindset, and improving network literacy, to help teenagers establish the correct network ideology. It is necessary to strengthen the self-management awareness of teenagers, cultivate targeted opinion leaders, strengthen online supervision, establish and improve a risk prevention mechanism for online ideology, and promote mainstream ideology.

Islamic Scientific Critical Consciousness as a theoretical framework for Muslim science educators

The suppression of Indigenous knowledge systems that accompanied the colonisation of Muslim lands from North Africa to the Asia-Pacific dismantled the Islamic science tradition, replacing it with a Western oppressive monoculture of secularised ‘modern’ science. Within this context, this article presents a theoretical framework for Muslim science educators, called Islamic Scientific Critical Consciousness. This framework aims to nurture Muslim students to develop the capacity to reinvigorate the Islamic science tradition by taking the positive elements of both the tradition and those of modern science. This entails the need for Muslim students to develop the critical consciousness to recognise colonial ideology being taught as ‘objective’ knowledge and the confidence and ethical orientation to pursue scientific research in harmony with an all-encompassing Islamic world view. This framework builds on Maldonado-Torres’s framework of decoloniality by adapting it to consider the sources of oppressive ideologies from an Islamic perspective in the monocultural school science classroom. The learning outcomes for this Islamic decolonial approach are then developed by integrating Paolo Freire’s idea of critical consciousness with Muhammad Iqbal’s idea of Khudi (selfhood). After building the theoretical framework, suggestions are made on how modern science education can be rethought in both multifaith and Islamic faith-based school settings.

«Теория официальной народности» С. С. Уварова как проекция консервативной доктрины российского государства

The search for a unifying principle to strengthen modern Russian society forces us to turn to the historical foundations of the formation of a national ideology. For the Russian Empire, since the XIX century, such a unifying beginning has been the conservative doctrine, reflected in the so-called “theory of official nationality”, proclaimed by a prominent Russian statesman, senator, Minister of Public Education, real privy councilor of the Russian Empire, Sergei Semenovich Uvarov. Uvarov believed that the government of the country should “be carried out in the united spirit of Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality”. Contemporaries called these three elements the triune beginning of the historical existence of the Russian Empire. The love of faith, as S.S. Uvarov believed, is characteristic of the Russian people since ancient times. And to deprive him of this faith would be to tear out his heart. Autocracy is an integral component of the political existence of the Russian state. Nationality according to Uvarov is an indicator of the individuality and originality of Russia, a magnitude that is not subject to any progressive changes. In general, the Minister of Public Education calls these constants national principles, emphasizing that following these constants is the only way to the civilizational maturity of the Russian state. Many researchers still consider the “theory of official nationality” to be the source of a viable ideology of modern Russia. Thus, despite the fact that the “theory of official nationality” is still perceived as a model of reactionary views developed by S.S. Uvarov constants can still be useful to Russian society today in the formation of a unified national idea, the formulation of new geopolitical tasks of the country.

Ю. ШЕРЛИНГ. ОРАТОРИЯ «EXODUS TRIADA»: ОБРАЗНОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ И КОМПОЗИЦИЯ

The article focuses on analysing the figurative content and composition of Yu. B. Scherling’s oratorio “Exodus Triada”. This work, the title of which appeals to the Old Testament book “Exodus”, raises one of the eternal themes in art — the theme of protest against violence, enslavement and humiliation of one people by another. The article analyses the verbal texts taken from different, sometimes opposite ideological sources (quotations from books of the Old Testament and philosophical works of F. Nietzsche), the role of the cast of performers (orchestra, choir, soloists), the genre, style and compositional features of the oratorio. Each of the three parts has its own title, referring to different historical periods (the Israelis in Egypt, the first Crusade, Nazi Germany), an independent programme motivating the selection of verbal texts, techniques of orchestral and choral expression. The musical and stylistic basis of the oratorio is characterised by a combination of folklore sources, allusions to Jewish folk musical culture with the author’s compositional techniques based on the experience of Western European musical culture of the second half of the XXth century (rhythmic intensity, speech singing, aleatorics, glissando in choral and orchestral parts, vertical dissonance). The general conclusion is that all means of musical and artistic expression contribute to the disclosure of the deeply human content of this work.

Features of structure and types in the traditional headdress of Chinese Orochons

The object of the study is the cap of the Chinese Orochon tradition. The subject of the study is the head decoration of Chinese orochons made of goat skin. The article discusses the main types of caps and their structural features and production technology. Orochons make a special headdress from the head skin of a roe deer, which demonstrates the gender and status of the person wearing this decoration. The Orochon hat belongs to traditional Chinese clothing and serves as one of the indicators of this nation. Against the background of globalization, the culture and aesthetic thinking of Orochon art provide rich ideological sources and practical directions for the development of aesthetics and art of the world. The purpose of the study is the characteristics of traditional Orochon headdresses, the symbolic meaning of headdresses and the importance of animal skin headdresses. This article uses such research methods as the method of literature analysis, the method of investigation and research documentary interview and examines the art of Orochon head ornaments. Thus, we can lead to the following conclusion: the traditional Orochon head decoration is an important component of the Chinese and world culture of the art of head jewelry. Orochon head jewelry in its long history of development has acquired an elegant and attractive appearance and exquisite workmanship. Chinese researchers pay more attention to the aesthetic and ethnological studies of these products, which has created great theoretical value for us and provides a strong reference basis. The novelty of the article lies in the distribution of symbolic meanings and artistic features of Orochon head ornaments, in particular, their hats. The history of their development and cultural connotation are systematically analyzed, the description and communication of artistic features and symbolic meanings are carried out.

Aesthetic Values in the Myroslav Skoryk’s Creativity

The ideological sources and origins of the issues of values in European culture at the beginning of the 20th century became the basis of this study. It is noted that the challenges regarding the specifics of the existence of value orientations were raised by neo-Kantian philosophers, in particular by Heinrich Rickert. Attention is focused on the priority role of art and music in the formation of artistic values, as well as on their aesthetic, ethical, psychological, pedagogical influence and on the creation of the ground for artistic dialogues in cultural life. The idea of value as a form of affirmation of human nature is substantiated in terms of the fundamental basis necessary for universal human culture. The content and functions, which include general cultural values: truth, beauty, good, as well as aesthetic: catharsis, kalokagathia, aura, based on the achievements of European musical art, are revealed by the author in the context of personal creativity. It is indicated that value relations are always emotional, connected with feelings of direct joyous delight, surprise; values always have a certain sacred mode, act as a shrine. It is emphasized that art in general and musical art in particular are closely related to moral and ethical guidelines, with the understanding that the concept of love in the structure of an aesthetic relationship acts as its concretization. Using the example of one of the earliest works of the composer Myroslav Skoryk (the cantata "Spring" based on a poem by Ivan Franko), it is demonstrated that the artistic material is imbued with a sensitive, joyful and loving perception of the surrounding nature; an open, trusting attitude to the surrounding world, which is generally a characteristic feature of art, especially modern art. The article examines the creative heritage of the Ukrainian artist as a carrier of valuable expression of Ukrainian culture, its intertextual, avant-garde character. It is proved that in the works of M. Skoryk, national values are organically combined with universal values.

Differences in perceptions and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination between vaccine hesitant and non-hesitant persons.

Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination becomes more critical as new variants continue to evolve and the United States (US) attempts to move from pandemic response to management and control. COVID-19 stands out in the unique way it has polarized patients and generated sustained vaccine hesitancy over time. We sought to understand differences in perceptions and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination between vaccine hesitant and non-hesitant patients, with the goal of informing communication and implementation strategies to increase uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in Veteran and non-Veteran communities. This qualitative study used interview data from focus groups conducted by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the University of Utah; all focus groups were conducted using the same script March-July 2021. Groups included forty-six United States Veterans receiving care at 28 VA facilities across the country and 166 non-Veterans across Utah for a total of 36 one-hour focus groups. We identified perceptions and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination through qualitative analysis of focus group participant remarks, grouping connections with identified themes within domains developed based on the questions asked in the focus group guide. Responses suggest participant attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine were shaped primarily by vaccine attitude changes over time, impacted by perceived vaccine benefits, risks, differing sources of vaccine information and political ideology. Veterans appeared more polarized, being either largely non-hesitant, or hesitant, whereas non-Veterans had a wider range of hesitancy, with more participants identifying minor doubts and concerns about receiving the vaccine, or simply being altogether unsure about receiving it. Development of COVID-19 vaccine communication strategies in Veteran and non-Veteran communities should anticipate incongruous sources of information and explicitly target community differences in perceptions of risks and benefits associated with the vaccine to generate candid discussions and repair individuals' trust. We believe this could accelerate vaccine acceptance over time.

Budowa systemu ograniczonego pluralizmu politycznego w ramach fundamentów ustrojowych narodowej Hiszpanii w okresie wojny domowej

In this article the author aims to present the process of building a limited political pluralism system within the basic political institutions of Francoist Spain during the civil war of 1936–1939. Primarily, the author outlines the political structure of the national camp during the first months of the civil war. Subsequently, the basic normative acts constituting the foundations of the political system of the Spanish national institutions were presented, together with the description of the established institutions’ factual operation. These were the central administration bodies, i.e. State Technical Council (Junta Técnica del Estado) from October 1, 1936 to January 30, 1938, and then the government of Spain. The latter organ, apart from the basic function of the administrative apparatus, was a center for bringing together the representatives of the licensed political movements of the national camp and for the clashing of their programs. In addition, the process of political unification in the form of the Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx and that of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive (Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista; FET y de las JONS), an organization resembling a monoparty, founded on the program and tradition of the pre-war Spanish Phalanx, which was enriched and redefined by other political circles participating in the movement, is presented. Ultimately, the paper presents the ideological sources of the Spanish limited political pluralism model, pointing to the tradition of Carlism thought, Phalangism and the Acción Española movement. The conclusion resulting from the analysis is that the model adopted in Spain during the Civil War, which ensures, always limited, but still significant political pluralism within the ruling camp, resembles authoritarian rather than totalitarian solutions.

English in Singapore, a city of migrants: Standard dialect ideology and attitudes towards Singlish

Singapore is a city state whose location and history as a trading post and a British colony has made it a wealthy multiethnic and multicultural country. The history and current trends of migration have resulted in four official languages: English, Mandarin Chinese, Malay and Tamil. In addition to Standard English Singaporeans use an informal code known as Singlish, which is generally based on English but draws on lexical, grammatical and phonological resources of multiple languages spoken by Singaporeans. This paper investigates negative attitudes towards Singlish expressed by government-related sources such as websites and educational campaigns held in the late 2010’s. It begins with defining language prestige and prescriptivism. Then, it describes the sociolinguistic context of English in Singapore, the local Standard English and selected features of Singlish. The main part of this paper is the analysis of texts and videos expressing prejudice against Singlish. The discussion attempts to explain the sources of linguistic ideology in Singapore by referring to ethnolinguistic vitality, historicity and so-called purity. The paper concludes that Singlish is a unique mode of expression for Singaporeans.

Political Islam in Afghanistan: Origins and Ideology

Any political, especially religious movement or ideology, should have its historical predecessors, whose views and ideas would somehow affect them. Understanding the origins and sources contributes to a more realistic and objective view of modern phenomena, especially in such traditional countries as Afghanistan, where tradition indelibly leaves its mark on everything. The purpose of the article is to attempt to give a comprehensive and chronological description of the ideas and ideologies that formed the basis for the emergence of Islamist political parties in Afghanistan. The materials used are the works of domestic and foreign orientalists, including Afghan ones, as well as sources in the national languages of Afghanistan. The research is based on the method of consistent description of the source and its characteristics to demonstrate its connection with the modern phenomenon of political Islam. The paper presents a list of alleged ideological sources and precursors of political Islam in Afghanistan in the mid-20th century. Their historical and ideological characteristics are given. The main representatives and supporters of certain ideas, their social status and attitude to other movements and ideologies are described. Political Islam in Afghanistan did not arise as something exclusively external, but had under it, in addition to the external form and external borrowings (the ideology of “deobandism”, “Muslim Brotherhood”), also internal sources peculiar to Afghan society in the form of tribal chiefdom, which became a kind of general organizational beginning of any political and religious movement. The complexity of Islamism in Afghanistan lies in its mixed structure, which is especially evident at the moment, in the ideology and practice of the Taliban Movement, which, on the one hand, is based on the provisions of «deobandism», pan-Islamism, to a lesser extent the ideology of the Muslim Brotherhood, but on the other hand, it completely contradicts them, which is purely due to tribal traditional features of the social structure and worldview of the backbone of the movement.

A modern japán birodalom születése

Japan represents a special case in the history of colonialism at the end of the 19th century. At the middle of the 19th century, it was a closed East Asian country that was forced by the Western colonial powers to open its doors to the outside world, but in the second half of the 19th century, it started a modernization process following the „Western model”. Japan defined itself as a modern nation-state, and with the successful modernization, economic and military advancements it could acquire territories in Asia through military actions or agreements with the great colonizing powers. By the beginning of the 20th century, Japan had become a colonizing country in Asia, instead of being colonized. In order to understand this process thoroughly and to interpret Japanese colonization and imperialism at the end of the 19th century, it is necessary on one hand to briefly summarize East Asian international relations of the second half of the century, and to review the changing environment in which Japan had to find a place for itself in this era. On the other hand, the internal development of Japan must also be examined, especially the state in which the new challenges of the outside world reached the country, and the political and ideological sources of the response the political leaders of the time gave to them. Understanding Japanese development needs an examination of the characteristics and significance of Japanese cultural traditions and political thoughts, which influenced Japan's modern politics besides the "universal" models of that time (capitalist development, colonization, imperialism). This paper attempts to provide an interpretation of the multifaceted relationship between Japan and colonization with attention to the external and internal factors that influenced Japanese policy at the turn of the 19-20th centuries.

Chinese Settler-Colonialism and the Borderless National Imagination in Lü Sheng’s A Madman’s Dream

ABSTRACT Studies on Chinese nationalist discourse in the late Qing era rarely consider the role of settler-colonialism in the development of nationalism, instead assuming that anti-colonialism was the dominant ideological source. This article transcends the traditional binary discourse of the colonised and the coloniser by exploring how settler-colonialism helped to project a borderless China in late Qing utopian fiction. I argue that this body of literature, as exemplified by Lü Sheng’s A Madman’s Dream, is a useful lens for exploring how Chinese settler-colonialism developed a (trans)national imagination. China, as a non-Western settler-colonist, had a dual identity: its experience of being colonised by the West resulted in its acting as a settler-colonist, while its efforts to promote a ‘new China’ overseas were intended to create solidarity with others who had suffered from colonisation. This article thus contributes to the growing body of scholarship about Qing expansionism as an instance of colonialism by demonstrating the internal tensions within Chinese discourse on colonialism in that era. I illustrate that Chinese settler-colonialism displayed a unique blend of discourse about expansion in the past, the experience of suffering in the present, and imagining the future.

Chosen Peoples: Christianity and Political Imagination in South Sudan

Chosen Peoples: Christianity and Political Imagination in South Sudan

Istoricheskoe stanovlenie mysli Karla Marksa o gosudarstvennom upravlenii

K. Marx's thought of national governance is an important part of Marxist theory and the ideological source and theoretical basis of Socialism. This study attempts to restore the overall picture of the formation of Marx's national governance thought in history, deeply and carefully discuss the theoretical basis, practical basis and historical origin of Marx's national governance thought.

Проблемное поле и категориальные структуры философии соборности А.С. Хомякова

The article deals with the philosophical concept of the outstanding Russian thinker A.S. Khomyakov (1804–1860). The system method and historical and philosophical reconstruction are used. The categorical structures of its concept are analyzed, the content of the basic category is revealed. The main ideological sources of Khomyakov's worldview are determined. It is argued that the development of categorical structures of the thinker's concept is based on his reflections on the church. It is revealed that in the work “The Church is One” Khomyakov for the first time the concept of sobornost is introduced, having become the fundamental basis of his entire concept. It is proved that the doctrine of sobornost contains the basic principles developed by the philosopher in his ontology and epistemology, historiosophy and social theory. It is shown that in the era of widespread dissemination in Russia of the teachings of German philosophers, A.S. Khomyakov showed himself as a subtle and deep analyst who sharply criticized the results of the development of German theoretical thought. As a result of the carried out textual analysis, the general architecture and logical connections of the categorical structures of the thinker's concept are determined. It is demonstrated that the philosopher does not stop at studying the main directions of contemporary philosophy – he develops his own, original solution to the main problems of ontology and the theory of cognition. The paper analyzes the work of Khomyakov “Notes on world history”, designed to give a holistic understanding of world history, its meaning and direction. It is shown that the concept developed in it to a certain extent was an alternative to the Hegel model of the historical process. The article concludes that the development of categorical structures of the philosophy of sobornost of A.S. Khomyakov retains its importance for modern theoretical thought.

The New Education: Controversies and Solutions

The article examines the consequences of the evolution of the national education system as a result and source of ideology, which is formed by two parallel paradigms of the development of modern society and the state – traditional and liberal. In Russian education, these paradigms are constantly changing: from state-bureaucratic socialism in the USSR (1917–1990) and liberal reforms in post-Soviet Russia (1990–2000) to educational counter-reforms of the first twenty years of the 21st century. In modern education, a number of solutions still appear, in which a certain ideological structure is laid. An example of this is the expert report of the Center for Strategic Research and the National Research University Higher School of Economics "Twelve Solutions for a New Education", the main messages of which boil down to reforming the national educational system according to the liberal model. We pay special attention to the controversy of the ideas of the report on the support of "elite" schools instead of solving the current issues of the development of the educational network and infrastructure; on the concentration of methods for solving the problems of teachers in terms of creating conditions for improving their qualifications (ignoring the financial difficulties characteristic of this professional group). Author comes to the conclusion that ideology is important for solving the problems of the education system and its agents, from the standpoint of which the national educational policy is formed. From our point of view, responses to modern challenges to education should provide for the interests and opinions of the scientific and educational community within the framework of “institutional bricolage” (the creation of institutions “from below”, at the expense of the resources of the educational community).

Partisanship and Covid-19 vaccination in the UK

This article examines the association between partisanship and vaccination in the UK. The lower vaccination rates among Republicans in the US have been linked to ideology and President Trump’s anti-vaccination rhetoric. By contrast, both ruling and opposition parties in the UK promoted the national vaccination program. Using two datasets at constituency and individual levels, we analyse whether there are partisan differences in uptake when vaccination garners cross-party support. Our findings contrast in important ways from the US case. First, the correlation between partisanship and vaccination is the opposite to that of the US: both Conservative constituencies and individuals are associated with higher vaccination rates than Labour across almost all age groups. Thus, right-leaning individuals do not necessarily vaccinate less, at least when their political party is in power and supportive of vaccination. Second, partisanship alone accounts for a large share of variation in vaccination rates, but this association appears largely driven by socio-economic and demographic differences: older and economically better off individuals and constituencies tend to be more vaccinated. Once these controls are included, the correlation between Conservative partisanship and vaccination shrinks substantially. Hence, the ideological source of the partisan gap in vaccination rates appears smaller than in the US.

The Analysis of the Ideology of Selected Verses from the English New Testament Through Passivation and Modality

This study aims at analyzing the ideology and grammar of selected verses from The New Testament in its English version relying on Modality and Passivation and the second consists of truth, obligation, permission, and desirability. Modality and passivation are used to reveal ideology included in The New Testament by choosing several verses to be analyzed. The researcher adopted the English version New International Version of The New Testament with Psalms and Proverbs as the data of this study, because it may fully deal with the subject under investigation. The descriptive and qualitative method is used to take care of the ideology and grammar employed in The New Testament. Fowler’s (1991) model of modality is taken into consideration in this study to display its utilizations in The New Testament, and also Hart’s (2014) views are included in this study to handle the ideology and grammar used in The New Testament The researcher reached the conclusions that the English New Testament of the Bible is a considerable source of ideology in addition to its good impact on people’s conduct, and that it is necessary to understand and deal with the ideology and grammar utilized in the English New Testament because of their great importance in daily life.