Ideological Representations Research Articles

The Myth of the Classless Society: Henry Carey and the Anti-Labor Origins of U.S. Political Economy (1820s–1830s)

Abstract The essay argues that the idea of the United States as a classless society was never a faithful representation of the U.S. socioeconomic reality, but constituted a myth elaborated since the 1830s by the first generation of U.S. economists to oppose the insubordination of Northern white workers, their mobilization through strikes, their politicization of class, and their critique of wage labor. It was precisely to counter the workers’ discourse, the essay maintains, that the first U.S. economists, most importantly Henry Charles Carey (1793–1879), developed an ideological representation of U.S. society as a classless structure devoid of fixed boundaries, in which industrious individuals could improve their condition through labor and in which social positions reflected a scale of talents and merits. By studying the early writings of Carey, but also of Theodore Sedgwick (1780–1839), Francis Wayland (1796–1865), Henry Vethake (1791–1866), Alonzo Potter (1800–1865), and Francis Lieber (1800–1872), the essay shows how economists used the myth of the classless society to scientifically legitimize the coming of capitalism to the United States, as well as to delegitimize class conflict. This anti-labor reaction, the essay argues, marked the very emergence of political economy in the United States as a science aimed at justifying the order of society through a mystified representation of its power relations, while the myth of the classless society would persist as a fundamental ideological pillar in the legitimation and naturalization of American capitalism.

Representation of Patriarchal Ideology and Its Negative Effects on the Characters in Naomi Alderman’s The Power

Representation of Patriarchal Ideology and Its Negative Effects on the Characters in Naomi Alderman’s The Power

Compositional Elements of Photographic Coverage of the Westgate Mall Terrorist Attack

Purpose: Terrorism is a global threat that has prompted extensive research, with mass media playing a crucial role in reporting such events. This study investigated the compositional elements of photographic coverage of the Westgate Mall terrorist attack in Nairobi, Kenya, on September 21, 2013. Methodology: Photographs from the Daily Nation, Standard, and New York Times were analysed. Using qualitative descriptive research and content analysis through MaxQDA software, the study identified patterns and themes in the images, focusing on denotative, stylistic-semiotic, connotative, and ideological representations. Findings: It was found that camera angles, shot proximity, and image sizes were strategically used by photojournalists to convey messages and emotions. Large images on front pages provided visual appeal, while medium and small images added content and facilitated sensationalized storytelling. Shot proximity varied to deliver specific messages, with few close-ups used to avoid evoking sombre emotions or aiding terrorist propaganda. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributes to the existing mass media research by highlighting the importance of thoughtful image selection and composition in responsible photojournalism to balance accurate reporting with mitigating potential harm.

Ideological Representations of People with Mental Illness in Malaysian Online Newspapers: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Ideological Representations of People with Mental Illness in Malaysian Online Newspapers: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Representation of Gender Ideology in the Novel Raden Dewi Sartika by E. Rokajat Asura

Representation of Gender Ideology in the Novel Raden Dewi Sartika by E. Rokajat Asura

The Warsaw Ghetto Poet—Zionist? Revisionist? ŻZW Member? On the Ideological Context and National Outlook of Władysław Szlengel

Abstract This article discusses the cultural and ideological representation of the Jewish Polish poet Władysław Szlengel in historical and historiographic research. The author maintains that while many researchers have described Szlengel as universal, cosmopolitan, sympathetic to assimilation, with socialist leanings, or, at least, apolitical or indifferent toward the national issue, the “Warsaw Ghetto poet” in fact had firm Zionist-Revisionist leanings before the war, and was connected to the Betar-founded1 Jewish Military Union (Żydowski Związek Wojskowy, ŻZW) underground during the war and Warsaw Ghetto uprising. Thus, the author presents evidence and quotations previously unexplored in the field, which shed new light on the life and works of Szlengel.

How Do We Achieve Person-Centered Care across Health Care Settings? Expanding Ideological Perspectives into Practice to Advance Person-Centered Care

Person or patient-centered care (PCC) is touted as the gold standard in geriatric medical care across care settings. However, despite more than 3 decades of research and practice initiatives, it remains a challenge to consistently implement PCC that fully places the individual at the center of care planning and the delivery process. The lack of universal implementation of PCC, we argue, may be in large part due to the use of multiple terms and ideologies leading to an inability to coordinate efforts across medical settings. This article reviews recent ideological PCC movements (“What Matters to You,” the Age Friendly Health Systems 4 Ms/5 Ms, “Whole Health,” Patient Priorities Care, and Medicare/Medicaid person-centered care initiatives), provides a discussion of how these ideologies are implemented in a nursing home setting through preference-based care and provides implications for coordinated integration of PCC across all care settings now and into the future. We argue for the need to draw on known information and validated methodologies for assessing and implementing PCC to collectively move beyond an ideological representation of the concept into an integrated model of PCC for all older adults receiving care.

Critical Linguistics of The Crimea Bridge Explosion on The Guardian and CNN Online News

This research focuses on analyzing the types of grammar and ideological representations in the news texts of The Guardian and CNN online news using the Critical Linguistics analysis model of Roger Fowler et.al (1979). Then the Discourse Historical Approach from Ruth Wodak (2001) is used to know the historical background of this topic. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method to find out what types of grammar are contained in the news text and how the grammar represents the ideology of the news. The explosion occurred as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. This topic has attracted public attention, therefore, online news media such as The Guardian and CNN are discussing it. At this time online news media plays an important role in disseminating information, but in fact the language used in online news media can contain certain ideologies that benefit one group and harm other groups. Based on the results of Critical Linguistics analysis from Roger Fowler et.al (1979), it is found that the ideology of the two online media is anti-Russian and pro-Ukrainian. The findings of this study show that there are 28 types of grammar in The Guardian and 17 grammatical strategies in CNN. The type of grammar that often appears from both media is transitivity grammar. In representing their ideology, both online media often use negative lexical choices to give negative references to the Russian side. Future researchers can develop their analysis by using different theoretical studies and objects.

The Ideological Representation of Iraqi Human Rights Violations in American Online Newspaper Discourse

Language used in newspapers can influence the readers' view on the issues published in them. Language is no longer a mere means of communicating information; but it also generates and shapes the social interaction with such issues. This could be achieved through the effective representation of these issues using linguistic expressions. Therefore, this study investigates the ideological representation of human rights violations in newspaper discourse. The data of this study is collected from news articles published in American online newspapers, namely, the Washington Post and New York Times, on the issue of the human rights violations, particularly the right to freedom of peaceful assembly in Iraq. Accordingly, Van Dijk’s (1998) theory of ideology is also employed to examine group ideology and portrayal of "Self" and "Others" in these newspapers. It is found that in both newspapers, group ideology was manifested through presenting positive in-group actions, such as peaceful demonstrations, supporting protesters, resisting and warning against out-group violent procedures. Moreover, the newspapers focused on the victims of protesters (as in-group), while generalizing the negative reactions of government, political parties, and security forces (as out-group) toward protests and protesters.

Investigating the Interaction Between Social Media Use and Depression among the Young

Purpose – This paper investigates how depression and social media use are related among the young, encompassing how utilization of social media affects depression, how depression impacts social media use, and the correlation between social media use and depression. Methodology – Applying the literature review method, Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald, Science Direct, JSTOR, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, Taylor and Francis Online were selected as search databases and identified 17 papers that fulfilled the authors’ requirements. Findings – First, social media use and depression can be impacted by geographical locations between the East and the West. Second, the amount of time, the quantity, and the behavior of the young spend on social media significantly impact their well-being. Third, the correlation between depression and social media use is influenced by ideological representation, besides FOMO. The association between social media use and depression might also be significantly mediated by personality traits. Value – The association between social media use and depression was determined in the present investigation. First, the literature review addressing the connection between social media use and depression among the young was assembled. Second, possible explanations for the discrepancies in the results were presented. Third, potential relationships between social media use and depression were clarified.

Ideology shapes evaluation of history within the general population

AbstractThe way history is interpreted varies across ideologies as articulated by political thinkers and by leading politicians. Is history also assessed differently by laypeople reporting different ideological orientations? To address this, the article describes a study from six countries where, in addition to reporting their ideology on a left–right spectrum, participants evaluated the recent past, the present, and the near future. The data show that, in all countries, right‐ compared to left‐wing supporters evaluated the past as more positive. To elucidate this effect, a second study manipulated the appraisal of the past between groups but found that this did not influence participants' ideology. A third study manipulated the salience of ideological representations between groups. Here, the high‐salience group displayed a stronger link between ideology and evaluation of the past, indicating that embracing a certain ideology encourages a specific interpretation of the past. Exploring the factors mediating this effect, one last study found that nostalgia for tradition partially explains why right‐wing supporters cherish the past more. Altogether, these observations show that how history is interpreted is central not only to intellectuals' writings and politicians' speeches but also to laypeople's political beliefs.

From Social Minority to Children’s Rights in Colombia

Abstract This article reviews the institutional concepts associated with child protection in Bogota, Colombia, from the 16th century to the present, and studies how these concepts merged with the neoliberal discourse at the beginning of the 21st century in the care practices that are carried out. The article shows how state institutions in charge of child protection base their activities on ideological representations that involve techniques of control, surveillance and punishment of domestic units, which are presented as dysfunctional insofar as the children are seen as vulnerable. The article concludes that this exercise perpetuates social and spatial segregation in the city to legitimise the governance of child care. Ethnographic work carried out in the period between 2012 and 2017 in the Centro Único de Recepción de Niños (Unique Child Reception Centre) in Bogotá, is taken as a point of reference for the analysis.

Ideological representations of women in Jordanian folk proverbs from the perspective of cultural semiotics

This study analyses the semiotics of proverbs by presenting the ideological portrayals of women in Jordanian folk proverbs. The content analysis of the proverbs shows that women are represented both positively and negatively, though they are preponderantly depicted negatively in the majority of the analysed proverbs. They are represented negatively as a symbol of feebleness, foolishness, disgrace, cunning, deception, jealousy and reproduction. Few are the proverbs that elevate the status of women, and if they do, it is on the condition that they are confined to particular restricted gender roles, such as mothers, sisters, wives and daughters providing kindness, help, motivation, and comfort to others. The findings uncover how socially dominant ideologies can influence the way power is practiced in the context of gender relations. They also show the immense significance of such proverbs as a social discourse that has been long used for perpetuating gendered roles and constructing and interpreting related realities, thus affecting social structures and relationships. The inferiority of women constitutes the basis of their assigned roles and responsibilities in various life domains. The proverbs have the ideological indexicals of underestimating women, showing their position in society and also reminding them of their roles.

The Morphosemantics of Complex Numbers

Gender-based violence, which includes domestic abuse, sexual assault, and femicide, persists as a pervasive issue in Nigeria. This study aims to investigate the transitivity system and the embedded ideology in news headlines reporting instances of gender-based violence in the country. Grounded in Halliday and Matthiessen’s (2014) Ideational Metafunction of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), the research employs a content analysis method, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze data. A purposive selection of 20 news headlines from each of two prominent mainstream Nigerian media outlets, The Punch and Nigerian Tribune, published between May and August 2022, constitutes the dataset, totalling 40 news headlines. The analysis of the transitivity system in The Punch online news reveals the utilization of thirty (30) processes in the selected twenty (20) news headlines portraying crimes against women in Nigeria. Notably, twenty-nine (96.7%) of these processes are material, with the remaining one (3.3%) being behavioural. The prevalence of material processes is similarly reflected in the news headlines from the Nigerian Tribune, where twenty-five (25) processes are observed across the selected twenty (20) headlines. Here, material processes constitute twenty-four instances (96%), while verbal processes appear only once (4%). The consistent use of material processes allows both media houses – The Punch and Nigerian Tribune – to articulate various physical and violent actions perpetrated against Nigerian women, as well as actions taken by law enforcement agencies to seek justice for the victims. The analysis further uncovers a representation of gender roles and power dynamics, highlighting that all material processes related to violence, such as ‘rape’, ‘shot’, ‘abducts’, ‘kills’, and ‘punches’, are associated with males. Consequently, men are portrayed as the perpetrators of violent crimes, while women are depicted as the victims—vulnerable, subject to gang rape, rape, shooting, killing, and stabbing. Additionally, the study reveals that women, along with related entities, are frequently assigned the participant role of the goal in news headlines, implying an ideological representation that positions women as susceptible targets of violent crimes. In conclusion, this study asserts that Nigerian media outlets predominantly utilize material processes and assign goal participant roles within the transitivity system to present an amplified and sensational portrayal of various physical and aggressive actions inflicted upon women and young girls in Nigeria.

Transitivity System and Ideological Framing in News Headlines Reporting Gender-based Violence in Nigeria

Gender-based violence, encompassing domestic abuse, sexual assault, and femicide, remains an enduring and widespread issue in Nigeria. This study aims to examine the transitivity system and ideology present in news headlines reporting gender-based violence in Nigeria. While adopting Halliday and Matthiessen’s (2014) Ideational Metafunction of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as the theoretical framework, the study uses content analysis method which includes both qualitative and quantitative approaches in the analysis of the data. 20 news headlines each published between May and August, 2022 on the official websites of two prominent mainstream media in Nigeria – The Punch and Nigerian Tribune – are purposively selected for this study, making a total of 40 news headlines. The analysis of transitivity system in The Punch online news revealed that thirty (30) processes are employed in the twenty (20) news headlines depicting crime committed against women in Nigeria selected from the newspaper. Twenty-nine (96.7%) of these processes are material process, while one (3.3%) is behavioural process. The prevailing occurrence of material process is also evident in the news headlines selected from Nigerian Tribune. In Nigerian Tribune, twenty-five (25) processes are deployed across the twenty (20) selected news headlines; material process appears twenty-four times (96%), while verbal process appears only once (4%). The dominant use of material process in the selected news headlines permits both media houses – The Punch and Nigerian Tribune – to identify and describe various physical and violent actions that were taken against Nigerian women, and also to identify actions taken by the law enforcement agencies to ensure justice for the victims of crime. The analysis further highlighted a representation of gender roles and power dynamics by revealing that all the material processes which are related to violence, such as ‘rape’, ‘shot’, ‘abducts’, ‘kills’, and ‘punches’, are linked with the male. Hence, men are portrayed as perpetrators of violent crimes while women are represented as the victims; women are portrayed as vulnerable, gang-raped, raped, shot, killed and stabbed. It was also discovered that women, along with related entities, are often used in news headlines to perform the participant role of goal, thereby implying an ideological representation that positions women as susceptible targets of violent crimes. This study therefore concludes that Nigerian media outlets primarily deploy material processes and goal participant roles of the transitivity system to present an amplified and sensational portrayal of various physical and aggressive actions inflicted upon women and young girls in Nigeria.

UNPACKING RACIOLINGUISTIC IDEOLOGY IN YOUNG ADULT FICTION: A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF NOVEL “FRONT DESK” BY KELLY YANG

Abstract 
 This study examines the representation of raciolinguistic ideologies in Young Adult Fiction, with a particular focus on Kelly Yang's novel "Front Desk." The novel, which was published in 2018, serves as a prism through which to examine the interaction between race and language. Raciolinguistic ideologies, as described by Rosa and Flores, pertain to the complex interplay between race and language and how it is actively used to establish and perpetuate social hierarchies and inequalities. This study will use textual analysis to find and examine the linguistic and narrative mechanisms used in "Front Desk" to express and interrogate these raciolinguistic ideologies. The textual analysis results reveal unique linguistic techniques used in "Front Desk," offering light on how characters navigate and negotiate language in connection to their racial identities. The novel's narrative depictions quietly establish and perpetuate racial hierarchies, providing nuanced insights into how language contributes to these social constructions. The research clarifies the novel's portrayal of the progression of individuals' language practices in relation to their racial identities through an examination of character development, providing a greater understanding of raciolinguistic ideologies in narrative form.

A Transitivity Analysis of Woman Representation in “Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust”

One of the concerns of feminist linguists is to examine the language which is used to represent men and women of a society. The study in hand has considered this issue and tries to explore the language used by the female author dealing with issues of women of Pakistan. Shahla Abdullah's “Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust” is analyzed from the lens of the transitivity model. The emphasis is laid upon the woman's portrayal and the ideological representation through the transitivity patterning. The three steps analysis as given by Burton (1982) has been followed for the analysis of the data. Material and mental processes have been used dominantly with the frequency of 42.4% and 17% respectively which depicts the struggle of Pakistani women against oppression and marginalization. The findings demonstrate that the narrative constructed by Abdullah is the reiteration of the stereotypical woman who suffers due to the patriarchal setup and the hegemony of the male counterpart. The study concludes that being a woman, Abdullah could not deviate from the set norms and hence, is unable to construct a new discourse to inspire and empower the woman belonging to the underprivileged sect of society.

MEDIA IDEOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION IN FRAMING THE BAJONESE IN TOROSIAJE VILLAGE, POHUWATO DISTRICT

Media can frame differently on the same object. The framing is heavily influenced by the ideology adopted by the media. The purpose of this research is to analyze the representation of media ideology in framing the Bajonese in Torosiaje Village, Pohuwato Regency. The data for this study are in the form of vocabulary, phrases and sentences that reflect ideology in framing the Bajonese from three online mass media, namely kompas.com, mongabay.co.id, and lipunaratif.com. The data collected was analyzed using van Dijk's critical discourse analysis. The framing analysis of the three media was carried out on the aspects of micro structure, super structure and macro structure. The results of the analysis show that the three media analyzed frame the Bajonese differently. Kompas.com frames the Bajonese from the aspect of its uniqueness; mongabay.co.id frames the Bajonese from the aspect of the Bajonese's closeness to nature and the way the Bajonese preserves nature; and lipunaratif.com frame the Bajonese from an economic aspect. Kompas.com and mongabay.co.id rate the Bajonese positively, while lipunaratif.com evaluates the Bajonese negatively. This assessment is related to the desired behavior change by text producers through the framing that is done.

Deconstructing the Metaphor of Feminine Idealism: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistani Adverts

Fairclough (1994) claims that language is not only a tool of communication but also constructs social interactions and meaning in specific contexts. Advertisement is one of the most effective and influential genre in non-literary texts which informs, persuades and impacts its audience in a limited time frame. Impact can be equally positive or negative on the target audience but it is more dependent on the ideological representation through signs and symbols portrayed in it. In the present study, two Pakistani advertisements have been analyzed through Fairclough’s (1994) 3-Dimensional Approach, which suggests that a text along with its embedded ideology is constructed to create its own social domain. The findings exposed that adverts are the main source to bring cultural change and ideological shift about a woman in society. Fashion Trends are adopted and eradicated as suggested in ads so it acts like an opinion-maker and compliment to shape the physical appearance of a woman apart of what society believes in her on regional and religious grounds. The conclusion suggests that the government and related bodies must have a check on ill-considerations to produce such content which may cultivate some unethical norms in the society. Also, unlike men, women are negatively portrayed and objectified in multiple ways in media campaigns.

Moral Value of Fantasy Literary: A Critical Discourse

Fantasy literature has grown, diversified, and become famous in recent decades. One such phenomenon is Harry Potter, which has a readership base from all over the world to make this fantasy literary novel one of the world's most famous cultures. However, it is crucial to know how popular culture influences moral practices in its readers, so it is necessary to identify what kind of moral representation appears in the text. This study aims to examine the representation of ideology through moral conceptions. Fairclough's critical discourse analysis was applied to discover the reality behind the text of the Harry Potter novels and The Philosopher's Stone. The finding of this study is that there are ten discourses of moral representation related to morality in education, morality in private and public interactions, morality formed based on social strata, and morality in the view of norms and ethics. Morality is not only about good and bad but how it affects the order of life in social life, even though it is represented in an unlimited imagination.Fantasy literature has grown, diversified, and become famous in recent decades. One such phenomenon is Harry Potter, which has a readership base from all over the world to make this fantasy literary novel one of the world's most famous cultures. However, it is crucial to know how popular culture influences moral practices in its readers, so it is necessary to identify what kind of moral representation appears in the text. This study aims to examine the representation of ideology through moral conceptions. Fairclough's critical discourse analysis was applied to discover the reality behind the text of the Harry Potter novels and The Philosopher's Stone. The finding of this study is that there are ten discourses of moral representation related to morality in education, morality in private and public interactions, morality formed based on social strata, and morality in the view of norms and ethics. Morality is not only about good and bad but how it affects the order of life in social life, even though it is represented in an unlimited imagination.