Ideological Perspectives Research Articles

Public policy: at the forefront of training a new generation of political experts.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of public policy as a scientific and academic category. Public policy is one of the fastest growing scientific and educational areas in the 21st century. This trend should not be considered solely as a tribute to fashion; with the right approach, public policy can become the cornerstone in the study of the political process and in training a new generation of experts in the field of political management and decision-making. Moscow University is one of the leaders in the development of this area, introducing public policy at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. The article examines the history of public policy, shows the main theoretical and methodological prerequisites for its study, and the reasons for its institutionalization in different countries of the world. It is shown that public policy is a multifaceted category, the understanding of which varies depending on theoretical, managerial and ideological perspectives. At the same time, it is the most important educational and research area, which is associated with the fundamental principles of the functioning of the state, issues of increasing the efficiency of public administration, and harmonizing the interests of the state and society. The author proves the point of view that universities involved in organizing the training of public policy experts are today at the forefront of the processes of modernization and increasing the efficiency of the entire political and administrative apparatus. Public policy experts trained by Russian universities in general and Moscow University in particular are future multidisciplinary professionals capable of managing complex socio-political processes, increasing the efficiency of the state apparatus, and building a competent balance between state and public interests.

Maintaining Organizational Resilience Amidst Socio‐Political Turmoil: Lessons From the Jewish—Palestinian Context

ABSTRACTWe live in an era dominated by political fervor, escalating social divisions, and increasing polarization, posing challenges to diverse organizations. In this paper, I delve into the impact of mega‐threats—external societal events with wide media coverage that evoke intense negative emotions—on organizations promoting diversity and inclusion. I explore how organizations can sustain resilience, acting as safe spaces where individuals from diverse identities and ideological perspectives feel a sense of belonging and can maintain their unique voice. Drawing on a 15‐month ethnographic study of an organization navigating the protracted national conflict between Palestinians and Jews, I uncover a two‐pronged organizational strategy. This strategy, balancing demographic representation with a commitment to avoiding the national conflict and maintaining neutrality, successfully preserves diversity, as well as crucial elements of inclusion, such as employees' sense of security and, at times, belonging. However, it falls short in cultivating resilience in the voice component, potentially leading to lower well‐being, increased avoidant work behaviors, and compromises in organizational cohesion. Avoidance also compromises organizational learning, preventing the development of capacities to address potential threats. The research contributes to the knowledge on organizational resilience in the face of mega‐threats, urging organizations to move beyond harmony‐focused approaches and address conflicts proactively for sustained diversity and inclusion.

Review of Affirmative Action Policy in West Java DPRD: challenges and Solutions of Political Parties in Achieving Women's Representation

This study tries to analyze the performance of affirmative action policies for female participation in the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) of West Java Province, focused on three principal political parties: PDIP, Golkar, and PKS. Notwithstanding the implementation of a 30% female quota, women's representation in parliament has yet to attain an ideal percentage. This study applies a qualitative methodology utilizing explanatory and descriptive approaches, concentrating on the strategies utilized by each party to recruit and assist female parliamentary candidates. The results indicate that although PDIP, Golkar, and PKS are dedicated to affirmative action programs, their execution is shaped by varying ideological perspectives and socioeconomic circumstances. PDIP employs an inclusive strategy to enhance female representation but encounters challenges posed by conservative local cultures. Golkar prioritizes electoral efficacy by selecting pragmatic candidates, focusing on women with robust political networks, while PKS adheres to religious principles that constrain women's political participation. The findings indicate that affirmative action programs must be tailored to local dynamics and party beliefs to effectively enhance meaningful female representation in parliament. The study indicates that while affirmative action fosters female representation, its effectiveness relies on the adaptive strategies of each party in tackling local obstacles.

Revictimization of women victims of intimate partner violence in the French press: A social representations approach.

This study aims to analyze how the press portrays cases of revictimization experienced by women in France, through the lens of social representation theory. An exploratory, descriptive study was conducted using a corpus of 157 online press articles. A total of 187,773 words and 5,240 segments were analyzed using Iramuteq version 7, employing top-down hierarchical classification and lexical similarity analysis. The analysis identified four classes: 1. Violent incidents (25.5%); 2. Political actions against violence (26%); 3. Institutional revictimization (26.6%) and 4. Violence and breaking the silence (21.9%). The findings illustrate how media portrayals contribute to the construction of social representations surrounding revictimization. Class 1 reveals a focus on extreme cases of violence, such as femicides, and highlights a potential gender bias in media reporting through the omission of terms like 'femicide'. Class 2 demonstrates the influence of ideological perspectives on the portrayal of political measures against violence, with conservative outlets framing such actions within traditional values, while progressive newspapers advocate for systemic reform. Class 3 shows a gap in the conceptualization of institutional revictimization in the French press compared to other countries, revealing how conservative portrayals can minimize systemic issues and perpetuate harmful stereotypes. Class 4 shows the role of female journalists in addressing various forms of violence, despite the limited impact of the #MeToo movement in recent coverage. Collectively, these findings elucidate how media representations shape public attitudes and institutional responses to gender-based violence through the lens of social representations.

A Battle on Social Media: Critical Discourse Analysis of the Sampradaya in Bali

Abstract This study focuses on the discourse battle on Facebook between two ideological perspectives on the existence of Sampradaya in Bali. Sampradaya refers to the Hindu spiritual community in Bali which has been adopting new traditions and practices from India since 1980. Since then, their presence in Bali has faced opposition, including the prohibition of Hare Krishna literature and the closure of Hare Krishna learning centers. Starting in 2019, this resistance has created a battleground of conflicting narratives that influence the public. This research aims to comprehend the representation of ideological perspectives and discourse battle strategies within the Sampradaya discourse on Facebook. This study combines Teun van Dijk’s discourse analysis model and nethnography. The analyzed discourses consist of 10 instances from 2022 to 2023. The research findings reveal dominant and marginal discourses representing ideological beliefs and political systems. The strategies employed include reproduction, distinction, rejection, exclusion, and transformation.

Art, Ideology and Scientific Knowledge: Louis Althusser’s Philosophical Approach to the Film Analysis: The Battle of Algiers 1966

Objectives: This study discusses the historical accuracy of the film and its portrayal of the battle of Algiers far away from the European and western egocentralism, evaluating the scenes and images and their non-leanear narrative structure and effectiveness in capturing different ideological perspectives when compared to documentary footage and factual depictions, in order to create a sense of objectivity and realism. Methods: Philosophical analysis is used through constructing and deconstructing concepts of the film. Louis Althusser's theory of ideology is applied in this research paper to better comprehend how ideology affects the dynamics of power and social institutions. Additionally, the recorded records from the archives of the liberation of Algeria are utilised. Results: Althusser’s notion of social formation, as a construction, is presented as a construction emerging from roles and central positions. This moving away from the egocentric vision , with no regulating concept, no starting seed, no united whole contradicted to the use of ideology as seeking for completion and wholeness. In brief, despite attempts to utilize what they claim to be scientific knowledge, the endeavor to harness these possibilities led to new technological and scientific analysis. However, its utilization within the framework of state apparatus ideology and social formation bifurcated the film into two levels: film analysis and post-film analysis. Conclusions: linking science to art has become established by means of linking both reality and philosophical fiction. So the distinction between the concepts of science and meta- science, art and meta- art, ideology and meta-ideology became necessary.

Intercultural Competence in the Context of Teaching Chinese in Sri Lanka: Ideology vs Spirituality

Significant transformations have occurred in the anatomy of societies along with rapid digitalisation, migration, and language change, which, in liaison with various other influencers, have highlighted the need to incorporate intercultural competence into education. The qualitative and quantitative changes that have occurred in teaching Chinese in Sri Lanka in the recent past have stemmed new paradigm shifts in curriculum development, teaching methods and material for teaching Chinese language, of which consolidating intercultural competence is indispensable. The present study has examined the existing modes and extents of intercultural competencies incorporated into teaching Chinese in Sri Lanka from the perspectives of ideology and culture. The study adopts a convergent parallel design juxtaposing qualitative and quantitative data from the informants to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the situation. The results indicate that the informants' preference is more toward learning cultural content, especially content related to spirituality, than ideological content in language learning. The limitations of the Sri Lankan CFL learners' cross-cultural knowledge are clearly depicted by the low performance of informants in identifying rudimentary Indic loanwords in Chinese. Existing teaching material, approaches and language policy planning have to be reassessed and redesigned to cope with rapid language change and increasing diversity of learners.

Prejudice in selected American and Iranian newspaper articles on Gaza crisis: A critical discourse study

Prejudice discourse is considered as one of the most important language uses usually invested in different social situations, particularly by in-group speech communities. This highlights the need to investigate this language phenomenon according to some interdisciplinary perspectives. So, this paper compares and contrasts from critical discourse perspective the prejudiced content used in the news coverage of American and Iranian newspapers' discourse as part of the discursive portrayal of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict during the 7th Oct. 2023 attack. Two articles were gathered from two opposing international newspapers, one is American (New York Post) and another is Iranian (Tehran Times). This paper aims at discovering prejudice's components and function, identifying the discursive strategies to determine the ideologies that allow a journalist to write a prejudice content. So, this helps the researcher to expos the differences and similarities in the selected data. To get a thorough critical comprehend of the nature of prejudice in the selected data, the researcher adopted a model for critical discourse analysis and applies qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The researcher finds that the cognitive, affected and behavioral components which are a reflection of an attitude in the function of publishing prejudiced content in the selected articles include semantic-strategies of lexicalization and aggregation and rhetorical-strategies of topo and contrast. The polarization of positive in-group self-representation and negative out-group representation in a racist and discriminatory way are the most prevalent ideologies that drive the creation of prejudiced content in the selected data. The articles differ in the sense that while the news coverage in Iranian was prejudiced "pro-Palestinians," American newspapers published prejudiced "pro-Israeli" articles. Although these two newspapers have adopted similar linguistic methods, they convey the news coverage of that event in some prejudiced way based on the newspaper's ideological perspective.

The Social Intervention Function of Chinese Pop Music Performance and Its Macro Sociological Analysis

Pop music is a product of human consciousness and widely exists in all known human cultures. Music is not a necessity for human survival, why is it so important to humans? For a long time, social connections have been considered an important function of music and a major factor influencing the evolution of human musicality. The recent hypothesis of music social connection provides a framework for understanding the biological and cultural evolution of music. It suggests that music can coordinate emotions, behaviors, and ideological perspectives among individuals, strengthen intimate relationships between individuals, and thus enhance social cohesion. Pro social behavior is a manifestation of human social connections, which refers to the beneficial behavior of individuals towards others, groups, and society, such as helping behavior. Although studies have shown that listening to prosocial songs and their associated prosocial emotions can promote individual prosocial behavior, it remains unclear whether the music itself and its corresponding emotional experiences are sufficient to influence prosocial behavior after excluding the influence of lyrics. In addition, although some studies suggest that prosocial behavior is related to factors such as individual psychological theory ability and cognitive ability, the mediating effect of music on prosocial behavior through psychological theory ability and cognitive ability has not been verified. Therefore, based on the classic two-dimensional emotional model, this study systematically examines whether music and its induced emotional experiences affect individual prosocial behavior decisions, and further explores the mediating role of psychological theory and cognitive ability.

The Transition of Scientific Theories into Social Discourse

Abstract This study delves into how the Chinese intellectual community of the early 20th century interpreted scientific ideas, specifically the “theory of evolution” and “theory of relativity.” The conservative publication, The Eastern Miscellany, underwent a transformation during the May Fourth Movement, embracing concepts like “Mutual aid: A factor of evolution” and the theory of relativity in the 1920s. Editors and writers used these scientific concepts to counter radical intellectuals, reshaping cultural and ideological perspectives in journal texts. This reinterpretation aimed to not only adopt modern values but also challenge the dogmatism of scientific discourses in China’s political and cultural context. Scholars associated the mutual help hypothesis with evolutionary studies, aligning it with cultural diversity and opposing centralized political structures. The relativistic theory, connected to anarchism and coexistence within civilization, offered an alternative discourse to radicalism, rejecting a singular modern value system. Their goal was to establish a discourse community reflecting their rationality and principles while restoring traditional values in Eastern civilization. This paper considers this as evidence of how they struggled to maintain conservative legitimacy during the political system’s modern transition and aims to elucidate it through textual analysis of contemporary magazines. Furthermore, the paper aims to remind us once again of the dangers of scientism, which are often overlooked when compared to the absolute nature of science that is still recognized today.

Politics and Orature in Beautiful Nubia’s Kurunmi is on the Way And 9ice’s Pete Pete

Music is an interesting aspect of oral literature that has witnessed different critical studies. Extant researches have explored music from the religious, ritual context, or as an aspect of ritual performance. Other studies have explored music from ideological perspective. This study is therefore justified as it attempts to examine music from the context of entertainment, oral literature and politics. This is done with the aim of exploring the political ideology behind the song and the functions and significance of the features of oral literature in the songs and its effectiveness in passing the messages to the audience. This research adopts Bronislaw Malinoslaw and Radcliffe Brown’s Functionalism as its theoretical framework. Functionalism opines that every aspect of the social life should contribute to the promotion of the society’s cultural values that must be passed from one generation to another, however, any aspect of the social life that does not promote the society’s cultural believe must be discontinued. The method of data collect were through the Beautiful Nubia and 9ice’s selected musical texts which were transcribed, translated and critically examined. This research discovered that Beautiful Nubia and 9ice uses features of oral literature to make their song more pleasing and effectively pass their political message to their audience. Beautiful Nubia engages the use legend of Aare Kurunmi to address leadership challenges facing the nation. Beautiful Nubia highlights and extols some leadership qualities Kurunmi displays such as selflessness, fearlessness, bravery and honesty that current crops of leaders can imbibe and electorate can look out for in candidates for leadership offices. This research also discover that 9ice engages proverbs in advising the electorates to be mindful of who they elect into political offices and shun electing incompetent individuals and that collecting bribes from politicians has its attendants consequences.

A Critical Review of Medemer from Ideological Perspectives

Medemer, both as a book and as an idea, is trapped between two extremes: admiration and rejection. Writers from both ends offer their thoughts, criticisms, and reviews of Medemer. The aim of this article is to analyze Medemer from an ideological perspective. Raising some political and policy questions about Medemer’s application is also the aim of this article. This article used a qualitative research approach and comparative and critical research methods. Secondary sources of data were used to compare Medemer with various political ideologies. Ideologically, Medemer meets the three criteria (critics of the present order, vision of the future society, and theory of change). Medemer is a “blended ideology” that combines concepts, principles, and ideas from liberalism, socialism, conservatism, and fascism. Furthermore, Medemer ideology attempted to combine concepts from opposing political ideologies and proposed it as a solution to Ethiopia’s complex sociopolitical and economic problems. Despite the government’s claim that Medemer is Ethiopia’s redeemer, several political questions remain unanswered given the country’s current situation. Therefore, the country’s complicated sociopolitical and economic problems under the regime of the Prosperity Party challenged the applicability of Medemer. Is Medemer thus the sole (or perhaps the only) instrument, policy framework, ideology, and mechanism for resolving Ethiopia’s multiple, dynamic, and complex socio-political problems? These remain a point of contention among academics and politicians.

Disposable (Textual) Bodies

The present article compares two coeval authors, Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) and Jane Barker (1652–1732), who stand on opposite sides of the political and religious spectrum, to analyse the ways in which they engage with popular prostitute stories in Moll Flanders (1722) and the Patch-Work narratives (1723, 1726), respectively. This contribution, then, offers novel insights into these writers’ work, exploring the ways in which Defoe rewrites this form of popular fiction to conform to his middle-class fantasy of personal development, and how Barker responds both to Defoe’s tales of prostitute ascent and the general taste for this fiction from her own ideological perspective. It will also expose their similarities, as they construct composite literary bodies of many different prostitute narratives, and emphasize the need to understand the novel as an assemblage of voices, genres and sociomaterial aspects.

Speech Act Analysis: Pakistani Private Universities as a Case in Point

The marketisation of higher education has received mushrooming growth in not only Pakistan but all around the globe for the last few years. Most of Pakistani universities are modifying prospectuses’ discourse to market their image and establish credibility in the competitive academic environment under the influence of marketization. The present study aimed to analyse speech acts in the educational discourse which were manifested in the recognition and reputation of universities. In the current study, the researcher has used prospectus discourse as the prime source of data to evaluate its significance in an educational environment. This study has employed a qualitative exploratory paradigm to analyze the data collected from prospectuses of Pakistani private universities. In this context, the present study has explored variations of linguistic characteristics i.e. speech acts which have been embedded in the administrative discourse to represent universities in the Pakistani academic market. The current study has attempted to employ speech acts as interpretive tools to investigate how persuasive language is used in the academic discourse of Pakistani private universities. The findings have revealed that the text of academic discourse is aligned with the commoditized practices of marketisation in the current scenario prevailing in Pakistan. The present study has also highlighted the hidden ideological perspective incorporated and displayed through speech acts in the educational discourse of Pakistani private universities.

Accounting for <i>Hijab</i>: Interrogating the Post-Secular

This article questions the idea of the ‘post-secular’ as a category for understanding Indian women’s experience of religion as an existential practice in neocolonised capitalist patriarchy. The majoritarian state’s manipulation of an identitarian regime of signification to use and control women’s lives is located in a plural, democratic society that is currently riven by the violent politics of conflicting religious and secular constructions of <i>hijab</i>, a head covering worn by Muslim women. From an engaged ideological perspective that seeks radical transformation, feminist struggle includes the right to practice and profess one’s faith, against a majoritarian norm that bulldozes difference and imposes its prescriptions as ideal. This article aims to show, from a feminist perspective, the manipulation of significatory practices in India, linking women’s ‘dress’ with progress to essentialise and politicise identity. It questions whether redressal against violence wrought on women by religious fundamentalism can be found in a secular state policy, based on the norm of equality of difference. Feminist practice would actively use the guarantees given to the citizen by a pluralist secular constitution to challenge the violence of interlinked discriminations, necessary for the survival of a plural society in which diversities co-exist.

Research on the Design and Teaching Model of Vocational English Courses Based on Ideological and Political Perspectives

In the context of globalization and informatization, the mere cultivation of language skills no longer meets the comprehensive quality requirements of society for vocational graduates. Integrating ideological and political education into vocational English courses helps to enhance students' ideological and political literacy and cultural identity. This study explores the design and teaching model of vocational English courses based on ideological and political perspectives. By analyzing the connotations and goals of ideological and political education, it discusses its points of convergence with vocational English courses and proposes specific course designs and teaching models. The results show that integrating ideological and political education not only improves students' English application abilities but also enhances their ideological and political literacy and cultural identity, providing strong support for the reform and innovation of vocational education.

Towards Unity in Diversity: Vivekananda and Ramakrishna’s Vision of a Universal Religion

The pursuit of unity in the midst of diversity continues to be a serious task in a world that is characterized by a wide variety of cultural backgrounds and ideological perspectives. In this study paper, the profound philosophical insights of Swami Vivekananda and Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa, two major characters in the history of Indian spirituality, as well as their visionary concept of a universal religion, are investigated in depth. Vivekananda and Ramakrishna envisioned a spiritual path that transcends sectarian barriers and creates harmony across all faiths. They did this by embracing the richness of plurality while also searching for common threads that connect humanity together. In this study, a synthesis of their teachings and concepts is used to investigate the possibility of a revolutionary movement towards unity in variety. This study provides a glimmer of hope for a global community that is more inclusive and interconnected.

Is women's empowerment enough for intimate partner violence in Muslim‐majority nations?

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the roles of women's empowerment through employment and decision‐making power on the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender traditionalism in Muslim‐majority nations.BackgroundWomen empowerment and gender ideology perspectives argue that women's resources or egalitarian ideology decrease the IPV that women experience. Many studies, in various nations, found backlash effects where women were exposed to more IPV.MethodUsing Demographic and Health Surveys of Afghanistan 2015 (N = 19,862), Egypt 2014 (N = 6,283), Pakistan 2017–2018 (N = 3,167), and Tajikistan 2017 (N = 4,864) and negative binomial regression analyses, we examined the effects of married women's empowerment on IPV (emotional, physical, sexual, and husbands' controlling behaviors [HCB]).ResultsOverall, we found that women's gender traditionalism increased IPV in all nations. Women's empowerment, however, decreased the total IPV associated with gender traditionalism in four nations, but women's employment increased the total IPV in Egypt.ConclusionsWe conclude that total IPV and HCB are related to gender traditionalism, but they depend on women's empowerment in some Muslim‐majority nations.ImplicationsGovernments might consider making policies that would increase women's knowledge on gender equity and working women's rights, such as including gender quotas in workplaces to empower women. This could lead to a long‐term decrease in attitudes that tolerate IPV.

Text Mining YouTube Comment Data with Wordfish in R

In this lesson, you will learn how to download YouTube video comments and use the R programming language to analyze the dataset with Wordfish, an algorithm designed to identify opposing ideological perspectives within a corpus.

Artistic mutilation of genitalia: an interpretive analysis of representations of genitalia in Indian school science textbooks

ABSTRACT Visual representations (and their censorship) are carriers of messages and are powerful tools to invoke discourses. Visuals are not just supplements to written text; rather, these can be read independently as the primary text and are crucial to scientific communication, particularly in life sciences. This paper aims to investigate various textbook depictions of genitalia and examine how ideologies are manifested through visuals in relation to the human body. Here we try to unpack the visual representations of genitalia in different discursive spaces within Indian science textbooks from 6th to 12th grade. We position our study within the hermeneutic methodological landscape and apply the socio-semiotic analytic framework developed by Serafini [Serafini, Frank. 2010. “Reading Multimodal Texts: Perceptual, Structural and Ideological Perspectives.” Children's Literature in Education 41 (2): 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10583-010-9100-5], consisting of three analytic perspectives: perceptual, structural, and ideological, to interpret the visual images of genitalia and the ideological matrix that produced these images. Our analysis of textbooks' portrayal reveals a tendency to censor or obscure genital depictions. The paper discusses the potential effects of these representations on students' health and relationships with their bodies and argues that they must engage in dialogue with discourses challenging normative understandings of the body and remain open to change.