Identity Pride Research Articles

Group differences in gender expression discrimination and depressive and anxiety symptoms among transgender and gender-expansive adults: The role of gender identity pride.

Despite established associations between discrimination and mental health, little research has focused on gender expression discrimination and integrated individual strengths such as transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) identity pride. This study examined the roles of gender expression discrimination and pride in mental health among TGE adults across gender identity, race, and class. A national sample of TGE adults (N = 212) completed online measures assessing gender identity, race, income, gender expression-related discrimination, TGE identity pride, and depression and anxiety symptoms. Gender expression discrimination was positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC), higher income, transfeminine participants reported more gender expression discrimination. High TGE identity pride buffered the association between gender expression discrimination and depression-most robustly for BIPOC, lower income, transfeminine participants. TGE identity pride may buffer the effects of gender expression discrimination on depression. Intersectionality in case formulation and treatment planning with TGE individuals is vital.

Pride and body image among transgender and nonbinary adults: the mediating role of body appreciation between gender identity pride and intuitive eating

ABSTRACT Studies exploring disordered eating among transgender and nonbinary populations have primarily focused on minority stressors with a dearth of research examining the role of gender identity pride on body appreciation and intuitive eating. To address this gap in the literature, the present study, comprised of 148 transgender and nonbinary adults (M age = 24.68, SD = 6.64), tested the associations among gender identity pride, body appreciation, and intuitive eating, controlling for demographics and minority stress variables. The study also tested body appreciation as a mediator in the cross-sectional association between gender identity pride and intuitive eating. Regression models indicated that greater gender identity pride was significantly associated with greater body appreciation, but not intuitive eating. Greater body appreciation was a significant mediator in the positive association between gender identity pride and intuitive eating. Findings support the significant role and relevance of examining gender identity pride as related to body appreciation and intuitive eating. Future research may determine the causal impact of gender identity pride on body image and eating behaviors in transgender and nonbinary populations. Clinicians may consider the positive role of gender identity pride when addressing body image and eating behaviors with their transgender and nonbinary clients.

The glue that binds us: The positive relationships between whanaungatanga (belonging), the wellbeing, and identity pride for takatāpui who are trans and non-binary.

This article explores how belonging can enhance well-being for takatāpui (a traditional Māori term that embraces all Māori with diverse genders, sexualities and sex characteristics) who are trans and non-binary across a range of contexts. We drew data from the 2018 Counting Ourselves, a nationwide community-based survey of trans and non-binary people in Aotearoa (New Zealand) (N = 1178); of which 161 (13.7%) identified as Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa. Based on generalised regression models, feelings of belonging with friends, takatāpui communities, Māori communities, and work communities were correlated to higher feelings of life satisfaction, life worthwhileness, and identity pride for takatāpui who are trans and non-binary. In Te Ao Maōri (the Māori worldview), such concepts of belonging and relationships are collectively known as whanaungatanga. Our findings affirm whanaungatanga as foundational to well-being among trans Māori people, enabling them to locate themselves within nurturing and supportive networks. SO WHAT?: Whanaungatanga is a key policy agenda, alongside other system-level change, that is needed to buffer takatāpui who are trans and non-binary from poverty, stigma, and racism they face. This will require changes to the current policy and practice context. We argue that whanaungatanga, while an important strategy of well-being for trans and non-binary people, must also occur alongside wider system transformations to address transphobia, racism, and cisheteronormativity.

Discrimination and disparities experienced among LGBTQ+ young adult cancer survivors (22-39) and adult cancer survivors (40+): A mixed-method study.

1517 Background: Americans who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or other sexual and/or gender expansive identities (LGBTQ+) represent approximately 24.2 million (7.2%) people, living in the United States. Those who identify as LGBTQ+ face distinct barriers to preventing and treating cancer. In a recently convened ASCO steering committee meeting, reducing LGBTQ+ discrimination both within and outside the healthcare setting was discussed as a high priority area. Across generations, adults who openly identify as LGBTQ+ has increased, with nearly 20% of younger generations identifying as LGBTQ+. This shift in willingness to openly identify as LGBTQ+ may result from decreased discrimination felt by younger generations. Decreasing discrimination may ultimately help improve cancer-care engagement among people who identify as LGBTQ+. Methods: Utilizing a mixed method sequential approach, we examined a national sample of 60 LGBTQ+ cancer survivors’ online quantitative survey data including experiences of discrimination. We performed a t-test to compare young adults (22-39 years old) to adults (40+ years old). Next, we conducted in-depth interviews with ten individuals from as a subset of the 60 cancer survivors. The transcribed data was analyzed using constant comparative methods and sorted into themes. Results: Among the 60 survey respondents, 31 (51.7%) were 40+ years old. Majority of the survey respondents were White (n = 55, 88.3%), ciswomen (n = 40, 66.7%), and identified as bisexual (n = 20, 33.3%). The subset of in-depth interview participants shared similar demographics. Quantitative: The adult cancer survivors reported experiencing higher levels of discrimination than younger adult cancer survivors (Mean Difference = 5.82, 95% CI [1.11, 10.54]). Qualitative: Among the adult cancer survivors (k = 8), three endorsed the theme of “discrimination”. While one of the young adult cancer survivors (k = 2), endorsed the theme of “identity pride” defined as satisfaction from and immersion within their LGBTQ+ identity. Mixed Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative data confirmed that adult cancer survivors experienced significant differences in discrimination compared to the younger adult cancer survivors. Within the adult cancer survivor interviews, historical experiences such as the AIDS epidemic led to discriminatory experiences and ongoing medical mistrust. Among younger adult cancer survivors, openly embracing their identities and engaging with the healthcare system was described. These disparities may explain the variation in levels of reported discrimination. Conclusions: Research shows discrimination has a profound impact on whether a person identifying as LGBTQ+ will seek out cancer-related care. Therefore, reducing discrimination for people who identify as LGBTQ+ is crucial to reducing cancer disparities.

The time-lagged impact of microaggressions at work on the emotional exhaustion of transgender and gender diverse employees

Background Despite the widespread adoption of workplace protections for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals, past research has suggested that microaggressions still occur. Previous literature indicates that microaggressions have a deleterious and cumulative impact on mental health. However, little is known about how microaggressions affect TGD employees over time. Method Using a longitudinal design with lagged measures over a period of three months, we explored the current forms of workplace microaggressions against TGD individuals, as well as their prospective impact on emotional exhaustion. We also examined perceived social support, identity centrality, and identity pride as moderators of the effects of microaggressions on emotional exhaustion as these may inform us of potential mitigating factors and targets for interventions. Results TGD employees chronically experience various types of microaggressions which, in turn, lead to emotional exhaustion over time. None of the hypothesized factors moderated the time-lagged relationship of microaggressions on emotional exhaustion, but direct effects of perceived social support and identity pride on exhaustion were found. Conclusion The findings highlight the urgency to develop strategies that directly reduce microaggressions in organizational settings. In order to provide a safe space for gender minorities in the workplace, we recommend that organizations address microaggressions directly and explicitly within their human resource management policies in an authentic non-tokenistic way. In doing so, organizations should incorporate the experiences of various gender identities and gender expressions, while also defining clear processes for assessment and monitoring, corrective action, and best practice sharing.

Embodying loving kindness: Examining self-compassionate writing tasks and body satisfaction among transgender and non-binary people

Using an experimental posttest-only control group design, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self-compassionate writing exercises on transgender and non-binary participants’ body satisfaction, gender identity pride, and internalized transphobia. A total of 238 transgender people participated in this study (Mage = 28.27, SD = 8.12). Participants were randomly assigned to a self-compassionate writing task focusing on their gender identity, a self-compassionate writing task focusing on their body image as a transgender person (i.e., gendered body image), and a control condition, which required them to write about a neutral day in their lives. Results demonstrated that those in the gendered body image self-compassionate condition reported higher state-level effects of body satisfaction following the intervention than those in the control condition. No significant effects were observed for condition on state-level gender identity pride or internalized transphobia. Results also demonstrated that non-binary participants reported higher levels of gender identity pride than trans femme participants. Exploratory post-hoc analyses revealed that gender identity pride moderated the effect of condition on body satisfaction. Compared to those in the control condition, participants in the gendered body self-compassionate condition with moderate and high levels of gender identity pride reported higher levels of body satisfaction. Results demonstrate potential beneficial effects of brief self-compassionate writing exercises on transgender peoples’ body satisfaction.

The roles of protective factors in facing gender-related interpersonal stigma among Chinese transgender and gender diverse individuals: A mixed-method study

Background Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals report high rates of mistreatment in the form of interpersonal stigma. These experiences can negatively impact their mental health. However, few studies have explored this relationship within a Chinese context. This study aims to investigate the connection between various forms of interpersonal stigma and mental health among Chinese TGD individuals. It also seeks to understand the role of collective and personal protective factors in mitigating the effects of interpersonal stigma. Methods This study used explanatory sequential mixed methods, combining primary quantitative research with supplementary qualitative research. A total of 398 Chinese TGD individuals participated in an online questionnaire survey, with seven of these participants also taking part in semi-structured interviews. Results Of the Chinese TGD participants, 48.7% reported experiencing mild or more severe depressive symptoms, while 42.2% of them reported a low level of well-being status. The interpersonal stigma was found to be positively associated with depression and negatively associated with well-being status. Among the examined protective factors, the interactions of community consciousness and identity pride with the interpersonal stigma aggravated the relationships between the interpersonal stigma and well-being status. The qualitative interviews confirmed the widespread presence of interpersonal stigma and provided additional insights into the exacerbating effects of community consciousness and identity pride. Conclusions This study highlighted the existence of pervasive interpersonal stigma and its negative impact on the mental health of Chinese TGD individuals. The community consciousness and identity pride should be questioned for the validity of acting as protective factors. Such findings provided evidence for further developing intervention programs and clinical instructions for healthcare providers.

Bias-based bullying, self-esteem, queer identity pride, and disordered eating behaviors among sexually and gender diverse adolescents.

Limited research incorporates an intersectional approach when evaluating disordered eating behaviors among those holding minoritized social positions, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning, and/or transgender/gender diverse (LGBTQ) adolescents. The current study assessed stigma experiences from peers at school, self-esteem, LGBTQ pride, and overlapping social positions as they relate to disordered eating behaviors among LGBTQ adolescents. Participants included 11,083 adolescents (Mage = 15.6, SD = 1.3; 34.8% transgender/gender diverse) from a large national survey study of LGBTQ adolescents from 2017. Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to identify bias-based bullying experiences (i.e., weight-based, identity-based), self-esteem, LGBTQ pride, and overlapping social positions (i.e., gender identity, sexual identity, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) percentile) associated with the highest prevalence of unhealthy weight control behaviors, extreme unhealthy weight control behaviors, and past year binge eating. Adolescents in the 28 identified groups with a high prevalence of disordered eating behavior held at least one structurally marginalized social position (e.g., high BMI), bias-based bullying experience, low self-esteem, or low LGBTQ pride in addition to being LGBTQ. Weight-based bullying was a salient risk-factor for disordered eating across social positions. Among adolescents with the same social positions, levels of self-esteem, LGBTQ pride, but no bias-based bullying experience, prevalence estimates of disordered eating were, on average, 23% lower. LGBTQ adolescents with multiple marginalized social positions and related factors engage in disproportionately high prevalence disordered eating. Findings underscore the importance of addressing intersecting experiences of stigma to reduce disordered eating and promote health equity among adolescents. Multiply marginalized LGBTQ adolescents, most of whom also reported experiencing bias-based bullying from peers at school, reported disproportionately high prevalence disordered eating. In comparison groups of adolescents with no bias-based bullying experience, prevalence of disordered eating was, on average, 24% lower. Findings underscore the importance of addressing intersecting experiences of stigma to reduce disordered eating and promote health equity among adolescents.

Randomized evaluation of an online single-session intervention for minority stress in LGBTQ+ adolescents

BackgroundLGBTQ+ youth face myriad adverse health outcomes due to minority stress, creating a need for accessible, mechanism-targeted interventions to mitigate these minority stress-related risk factors. We tested the effectiveness and acceptability of Project RISE, an online single-session intervention designed to ameliorate internalized stigma and improve other outcomes among LGBTQ+ youth. We hypothesized that youth assigned to RISE (versus a control) would report significantly reduced internalized stigma and increased identity pride at post-intervention and at two-week follow-up and would find RISE acceptable. MethodsWe recruited adolescents nationally through Instagram advertisements in May 2022 (N = 538; M age = 15.06, SD age = 0.97). Participants were randomly assigned to RISE or an information-only control and completed questionnaires pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and two weeks post-intervention. Inclusion criteria included endorsing: (1) LGBTQ+ identity, (2) age 13–16, (3) English fluency (4) Internet access, and (5) subjective negative impact of LGBTQ+ stigma. ResultsRelative to participants in the control condition, participants who completed RISE reported significant decreases in internalized stigma (d = −0.49) and increases in identity pride (d = 0.25) from pre- to immediately post-intervention, along with decreased internalized stigma (d = −0.26) from baseline to two-week follow-up. Participants rated both RISE and the information-only control as highly, equivalently acceptable. ConclusionsRISE appears to be an acceptable and useful online SSI for LGBTQ+ adolescents, with potential to reduce internalized stigma in both the short- and longer-term. Future directions include evaluating effects of Project RISE over longer follow-ups and in conjunction with other mental health supports.

Gender Minority Stress, Resilience, and Psychological Distress: The Role of Resilience Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth.

Gender minority (GM) stress, resulting from distal (i.e., external) and proximal (i.e., internal) stigma-based stressors, is thought to drive mental health disparities among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth. We tested the gender minority stress and resilience (GMSR) model hypotheses that distal GM stress effects on mental health are partially mediated by proximal GM stress and moderated by GM-specific resilience (i.e., community connectedness, identity pride) among a U.S. national sample of TGD youth. As part of an HIV prevention study (NCT03185975), 159 TGD youth (ages 15-24) completed an online survey that included the GMSR measure, assessing distal and proximal GM stress and GM resilience, and the 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory, assessing past-7-day psychological distress. Three models linking GMSR constructs to psychological distress were tested using PROCESS v4.0: (1) simple partial mediation, (2) moderated partial mediation, and (3) serial partial mediation. A direct effect of distal GM stress was observed in all models. An indirect effect through proximal GM stress alone was observed in model 1, but not models 2 or 3. In model 2, resilience did not moderate the effects of distal or proximal GM stress. In model 3, indirect effects were observed through proximal GM stress and GM resilience serially as well as GM resilience alone. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm the role of GM resilience as a mediator, rather than moderator, of GM stress effects on mental health and a critical, rather than supplementary, target for mental health intervention among TGD youth.

High Internalized Transphobia and Low Gender Identity Pride Are Associated With Depression Symptoms Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth

PurposePrior studies have identified a significant relationship between internalized transphobia and poor mental health among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adults; however, this relationship has not been extensively examined among youth. Further, little research has sought to explore protective factors, such as identity pride, and their influence on this relationship. We examined the association between internalized transphobia and depression and anxiety symptoms among TGD youth and explored the moderating role of gender identity pride on these associations. MethodsParticipants were 315 TGD youth ages 12–20 years (mean = 16; standard deviation = 1.89) seeking gender-affirming hormone treatment at one of four major pediatric hospitals across the United States. At the time of enrollment, participants were naïve to gender-affirming hormone treatment. Participants self-reported mental health, internalized transphobia, and identity pride. Multiple regression models were used with depression and anxiety symptoms as outcomes and age, designated sex at birth, and perceived parental support included as covariates. ResultsGreater internalized transphobia was associated with greater depressive symptoms, and gender identity pride moderated this relationship, such that greater gender identity pride was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Greater internalized transphobia was significantly associated with greater anxiety symptoms; no moderation effect was observed for this relationship. DiscussionGender identity pride influenced mental health symptoms for youth experiencing internalized transphobia and represents a potential key protective factor. These results support efforts to further develop, test, and implement clinical inventions to bolster identity pride for TGD youth.

Identity pride and exclusiveness: cross-border craftsmanship and Chinese tailors in post-war Hong Kong, 1945-1970

ABSTRACT Recent scholarship has shown that in cosmopolitan urban spaces, identities are flexible, and migrants often integrate smoothly. But Shanghainese and Cantonese tailors who migrated to Hong Kong after World War II developed a different trajectory of identity transformation. Instead of simply integrating into a single social collectivity based on claims to a common Chinese ethnicity, they forged separate diasporic identities according to their places of origin. By problematising the arrival of Shanghainese tailors and their interactions with Cantonese tailors in Hong Kong, this article shows that pride in a place-based identity along with a strong sense of exclusiveness facilitated the maintenance of social boundaries by the Shanghainese community against the Cantonese. It argues that despite the common Chinese-ness of both migrant communities, place of origin was employed as a critical form of social identification and differentiation, creating an as-yet insurmountable barrier to the amalgamation of the two Chinese communities.

Disordered Eating and Body Dissatisfaction in Transgender and Gender-Expansive Adults: An Evaluation and Integration of the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience and Tripartite Influence Models

Transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) people, including transgender and nonbinary individuals, experience elevated rates of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating compared to cisgender individuals, but little is known about why. To address this research gap, we compared the ability of TGE-specific factors as proposed in the gender minority stress and resilience (GMSR) model, general psychological factors contained in the tripartite influence (TI) model, and an integration of these frameworks to explain body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among TGE individuals. Regression analyses were conducted to test the models’ abilities to explain experiences reported in a survey of 93 U.S. TGE adults, including 43 transgender women respondents (46.2%) and 31 transgender men respondents (33.3%). Participants were diverse with regard to age (M = 34.19, SD = 12.02) and ethnoracial background (e.g., 29.0% Hispanic/Latinx, 17.2% Black/African American, 6.5% American Indian/Alaska Native; 5.4% multiracial). Results demonstrated both models’ abilities to explain body dissatisfaction and disordered eating independently, except for the relationship between body dissatisfaction and the thinness-oriented TI model. An integration of the models better explained body dissatisfaction and disordered eating compared to either model alone. Notably, some findings did not align with the two frameworks, suggesting existing models may not adequately describe pathways through which disordered eating emerges in TGE populations. Specifically, body dissatisfaction showed no significant relationship with disordered eating and was not well explained by the TI model, and higher gender identity pride was related to greater disordered eating symptoms. Implications for clinical care and future research are discussed.

Patriotism and National Integration among school-aged adolescents: National prevalence of estimated Identity Pride and Cultural Diversity

Background: Patriotism and national integration were essential qualities that all students needed to acquire, regardless of their political, social, educational, or cultural system. The role of education in the development of patriotism and nationalism can be emphasized. If there is a gap in the education system or curriculum in terms of planning and generating curriculum, the results will be less than ideal. This survey intends to capture a well-adjusted and well-researched goal of estimated Identity Pride and Cultural Diversity among school-age adolescents on the integrity of sustaining a patriotism environment in the development of children, youth, and adults. How does being a national identity of a country, steeped in its cultural context, effect on students behaviour. 
 Methods: Study design was quantitative method. A simple random sampling (SRS) method was used to select participants. The study included 415 students from secondary schools in the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT). The established inquiry tool was the identity pride and cultural diversity questionnaire.
 Results: In terms of outcomes, the majority of students (males n = 90 (89.1%) and females n = 303 (96.5%) are always proud to call themselves Pakistanis. Furthermore, by kind as a result, each of the two groups (Public n = 208 (95.4%), and Private n = 185 (95.4%) (Public = 2.94±0.26 and Private = 2.93±0.26) has a mean and standard deviation, with F = 0.17 and P = 0.677 as significant.
 Conclusion and Recommendation: The majority of female students felt significantly more proud to be Pakistanis than male students, according to cultural diversity. An increasing number of male and female students were proud to be Pakistanis. However, only a small percentage of students are always enthusiastic about Pakistani gastronomy; for example, some female students never wear Pakistani attire (Shalwer Kameez, Ajrak, Rally), whereas male students do. According to the results of analysis of variance identity pride and cultural diversity, the majority of students in both public and private schools are always proud to be Pakistanis. In light of this.

PRANATA SOSIAL DAN PEMBENTUKAN DIRI HOMOSEKSUAL TOKOH KUSAKABE HIKARU DALAM MANGA DOUKYUUSEI KARYA NAKAMURA ASUMIKO

This research chose Doukyuusei vol 1-3 manga by Nakamura Asumiko because it depicts the stage of homosexual self formation of Kusakabe Hikaru. The stage of homosexual self formation of the figure in the story relates to the social institution that exists in society. The method used in this research is Qulitative and presented descriptively and data collection techniques using literature studies. The theory used is that social institution is related to the social background and stage of homosexual self formation by Vivinnie Cass. The results showed Kusakabe's figures fulfilled four stages of the six stages of homosexual self formation. The four stages are Identity Confusion, Identity Comparation, Identity Acceptance, and Identity Synthesis. Identity Confusion stage is related to educational institutions (non-academic curriculum). Identity Comparison relates to religious institutions (ethics). Identity Acceptance relates to religious institutions (ethics). Identity Synthesis is related to the family institutions (marriage) and religious institutions (ethics). In conclusion, Kusakabe did not go through the Identity Tolerance because he did not look for homosexual groups and the Identity Pride because Kusakabe did not think heterosexual was the wrong thing. Although Kusakabe managed to come out as a homosexual, social institutions would not approve of homosexual behavior.

The Role of LGBTQ Identity Pride in the Associations among Discrimination, Social Support, and Depression in a Sample of LGBTQ Adolescents

The current study examined the role of LGBTQ identity pride in the associations among discrimination, social support, and depressive symptoms in a sample of LGBTQ youth. As part of a larger study, 13,440 LGBTQ youth completed a survey assessing depressive symptoms, past-year bullying, family rejection, general and LGBTQ-specific teacher support, general and LGBTQ-specific family support, and LGBTQ identity pride. Findings showed that greater bullying and family rejection were associated with lower LGBTQ identity pride and, in turn, greater depression. Conversely, greater general and LGBTQ-specific teacher support and greater general and LGBTQ-specific family support were associated with greater LGBTQ identity pride and, in turn, lower depression. All of the indirect effects were significant when the predictors were examined in separate models and most remained significant when the predictors were examined simultaneously. LGBTQ identity pride may be a mechanism linking discrimination and social support to depression among LGBTQ youth.

Together we stand, resilient we stay : The effect of minority stress and resilience on transgender mental health

IntroductionPrejudice, stigmatization and discrimination behaviors causes social stress and lead vulnerability to mental and physical health problems in Transgender and Gender Nonconforming (TGNC) individuals. The prevalence of mental disorders that can be associated with “minority group stress”, especially major depression and anxiety disorders, are known to be higher in the TGNC group in comparison to general population.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to reveal the impact of minority stress on TGNC individuals’ mental health. Resilience factors like gender identity pride, social support, community connectedness expected to diminish the negative impact of stigmatization and discrimination.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 48 volunteered participants who consulted to Psychiatry Department for gender transition process. After semi-structured interview, applicants were given Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Scale-Turkish Form (GMSR-Tr), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).ResultsAnalysis revealed a negative correlation between the stress subscales of GMSR-Tr scale and BDI (p< .001; rs= .727), BAI (p< .001; rs= .649), PSS (p< .001; rs= .671). For psychological resilience, the strongest positive relationship was found with the community connectedness subscale (p< .001; rs= .864); the strongest negative relationship was observed with the internalized transphobia subscale (p< .001; rs= .750).ConclusionsOur study presented the importance of internalized transphobia and protective effect of resilience factors for mental health outcomes of TGNC individuals exposed to minority stress. The depression, anxiety and stress scores decreases with increasing psychological resilience.

Qualitative analysis of residents’ generativity motivation and behaviour in heritage tourism

Macau is known to the world primarily as a gaming capital, but the city is also rich in heritage resources and historical relics, which are the result of over 400 years of accumulation. These legacies are the name cards of the city and should be passed on to future generations. Residents of this city are motivated and willing to participate in the process of ensuring this generativity. This study explored Macau residents' perception and behaviour through a qualitative approach. Twenty interviews revealed that the residents' main generative motivation arise from their concern for the next generation, community development and the identity pride that is associated with the heritage resources of the city, apart from the common desire of transmission. The residents' involvement in generativity actions centre on ‘preservation’ and ‘promotion’ activities. Implications are also discussed.

Digital queer: identitas komunikasi genderqueer selebgram Mimi Peri

Ahmad Jaelani, an Instagram influencer who adopted Mimi Peri as their new identity, plays a significant role in the emergence of digital queer phenomena in Indonesian cyber society. Ahmad Jaelani triggered the digital queer phenomena when he came out as gender queer. Jaelani’s brave act to adopt Mimi Peri identity resulted from various identity struggle. Before conforming to his new identity, he went through several stages, such as identity confusion, identity comparison, identity tolerance, identity acceptance, identity pride, and finally identity synthesis. He conveys his new identity through innovation and creativity, which are presented in several layers, such as personal layers, enactment layers, relational layers, and communal layers.

Gender minority stress, sleep disturbance, and sexual victimization in transgender and gender nonconforming adults.

The current study examined facets of gender minority stress (nonaffirmation, internalized transphobia) and protective factors (community connectedness, transgender identity pride) as potential moderators of the relationship between sexual victimization and sleep disturbances among transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) adults. TGNC adults (n = 191) were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. The average age was 30.28 years old (SD = 7.09; range 18-71) and the majority (55%) identified in the transfemale spectrum. Results demonstrated a significant two-way interaction between sexual victimization and internalized transphobia, such that sexual victimization was more strongly related to sleep disturbances when internalized transphobia was low (β = .14, p = .017) relative to high (β = -0.09, p = .221). This study is the first to establish the relationship between sexual victimization and sleep disturbances in TGNC individuals. Additional research is needed to replicate these findings longitudinally.