Identification Of Number Research Articles

Integral identities and universal relations for solitons

We show that any nonlinear field theory giving rise to static solutions with finite energy like, e.g., topological solitons, allows us to derive an infinite number of integral identities which any such solution has to obey. These integral identities can always be understood as being generated by field transformations and their related Noether currents. We also explain why all integral identities generated by coordinate transformations become trivial for Bogomolnyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) solitons, i.e., topological solitons which saturate a topological energy bound. Finally, we consider applications of these identities to a broad class of nonlinear scalar theories, including the Skyrme model. More concretely, we find nontrivial integral identities that can be seen as model-independent relations between certain physical properties of the solitons in such theories, and we comment on the possible connection between these new relations and those already found in the context of astrophysical compact objects. We also demonstrate the usefulness of said identities to estimate the precision of the numerical calculation of soliton observables. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Language similarity and IPO underpricing

In this study, we investigate whether language similarity between auditors and chairpersons mitigates IPO underpricing. We focus on China, a country with a high incidence of IPO underpricing. We define language similarity as the auditor and the chairperson sharing the same dialect. To measure this, we manually collect the identification (ID) numbers of auditors and chairpersons and construct a proxy for language similarity based on the birthplaces identified by their ID numbers. Our findings indicate that auditor-chairperson language similarity helps alleviate IPO underpricing. We also find that IPO companies are more likely to select auditors who share the same language with their chairpersons. Our results remain robust even after controlling for additional control variables and employing matching methods, 2SLS instrumental variables, and alternative measurements. The mechanism through which language similarity reduces IPO underpricing is by compensating for informational gaps in low-readability and high-similarity prospectuses through incremental information production. Furthermore, the effects of language similarity are more pronounced when IPO companies are audited by Big 10 audit firms, followed by greater analyst coverage, and are listed under the registration-based IPO regime. Our research confirms the significant role of language similarity in emerging capital markets.

Patients' experience on waiting for spinal arthrodesis: a qualitative study.

A number of studies have explored patients' subjective experience of waiting for spinal surgery, however, they did so through an investigation conducted post-operatively. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the experience of patients while still on the waitlist for lumbar spinal arthrodesis. This qualitative study of semi-structured interviews was conducted at an orthopedic research institute in Italy. The interview track was developed by a team of professionals (physiotherapists, orthopedic surgeon, psychologist) and consisted of 40 questions. Fifteen patients, 10 females and 5 males aged between 23 and 80years, waiting for spinal arthrodesis were interviewed. The interviews were performed, transcribed and analyzed by the multiprofessional team through thematic analysis using a reflexive approach. Five main themes were generated: (1) Impact of persistent pain on patients' physical and psychological functioning; (2) Fear of the unknown and uncertainties; (3) Hope and regaining normality; (4) The impact of the unpredictability of the waiting time; (5) Need for better communication and information on the care pathway. Two minor themes were also produced. These findings highlighted that patients on the waiting list for spinal arthrodesis need more certainty about waiting times, better communication with hospital staff, more thorough information about their care pathway. This could help patients feel more confident and may lead to more adequate expectations before surgery. The study protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov database on 14/03/2022 with ID number NCT06323694.

The appearance of whale shark (Rhincodon typus) in Kwatisore Waters, Nabire District, Central Papua Province

The appearance of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) is related to the availability of food in certain waters and is a tourist attraction so integrated management is needed so that they do not become a threat to whale sharks. Whale sharks appear regularly and take place throughout the year with the largest number of individuals only occurring in Kwatisore waters. This study aims to examine the bioecology of whale sharks, which is related to appearance based on individuals, number and time of appearance and sex. Primary data collection was carried out from January to March 2023, using the census method on 4 charter fishing gear units anchored in Kwatisore waters. The results showed that 21 individuals of whale sharks appeared with a total of 225 appearances in January, 245 appearances in February and 248 appearances in March and there was one new individual who migrated into Kwatisore waters with ID number 184. Whale sharks appear mostly in the morning with a percentage of 100% with a total length ranging from 3 to 7.5 m.Keywords: Appearance; New Individuals; Whale Sharks

The effect of rebound exercise on cognition and balance of females with overweight and obesity.

Balance issues have been reported to be common among females with overweight or obesity with associated fall risks. Despite the increasing reports of the negative impacts of obesity on balance and cognition, there is a scarcity of research aimed at evaluating effective interventions. To examine the effects of rebound exercises on cognition and balance among females with overweight and obesity. This Quasi-experimental study used the purposive sampling method to recruit 20 female students (aged 17-35 years) with overweight and obese at the Evangel University Akaeze, Ebonyi State Nigeria. Rebound exercise intervention was administered to all participants at the gym for 30 minutes in each session, three times a week for six weeks, while their cognitive performances, stationary balance, and dynamic balance were measured pre-and post-trial using Trail Marking Test Apparatuses, Unilateral Pedal Tests, and Meter Backward Walk Test respectively. There was a significant (p < 0.001) difference in the participants' cognition values across weeks 1, 3, and 6 with a progressive improvement over time. There was also a significant (p < 0.05) difference in the participants' static and dynamic balance values across weeks 1, 3, and 6 with a progressive improvement in balance performance over time. Rebound exercise significantly improved the cognition and balance of females with overweight or obese. This finding suggests a promising intervention to improve balance and cognitive-related problems in this population. Registered retrospectively in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, identification number for the registry is PACTR202405746557031. Dated 2 May 2024.

A study of platelet transfusion support to dengue patients in a hospital based blood transfusion centre

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are life threatening clinical manifestations of infection due to dengue virus. Thrombocytopenia is found to be a common finding in dengue. The clinical features of Dengue fever are due to bleeding diathesis and increased capillary leak. The suggested features contributing to bleeding include thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy and vasculopathy. This study was undertaken to find out the number of platelet transfusion in dengue patients and to assess whether platelets have been transfused according to AABB guidelines. This was a descriptive study over a period of one year conducted in Father Muller Medical College Hospital Blood Centre. Details of the platelet component transfused during this period were collected, which included name, age, gender, unique identification number, ward number, blood group, clinical symptoms and signs, indications for transfusion, platelet count, haemoglobin level, and number of units of transfusion. The total number of dengue patients were 227 for whom 835 platelet components were transfused during the study period one year (January 2017 to December 2017). Patients between the age group of 31 to 40 comprised of 25.6% who received platelet transfusion. There was male preponderance (68.3%), females accounting to 31.7%. Platelet transfusion was most common in patients belonging to O Rh positive blood group (41.4%) and least (0.4%) was in B Rh negative. Patients with petechiae comprised of 7.5%, gum bleeding (4.4%) and epistaxis (4.0%). Out of 227 patients, 50.7% required 4 units of platelets. This study provides an information on platelet component usage in dengue patients. Twenty seven patients (11.9%) had a count of &lt;10000 and the utilisation was as per AABB guidelines which improved their platelet count and overall health condition. Patients with bleeding manifestation accounted to 15.9% and hence received transfusion

Cosmological amplitudes in power-law FRW universe

The correlators of large-scale fluctuations belong to the most important observables in modern cosmology. Recently, there have been considerable efforts in analytically understanding the cosmological correlators and the related wavefunction coefficients, which we collectively call cosmological amplitudes. In this work, we provide a set of simple rules to directly write down analytical answers for arbitrary tree-level amplitudes of conformal scalars with time-dependent interactions in power-law FRW universe. With the recently proposed family-tree decomposition method, we identify an over-complete set of multivariate hypergeometric functions, called family trees, to which all tree-level conformal scalar amplitudes can be easily reduced. Our method yields series expansions and monodromies of family trees in various kinematic limits, together with a large number of functional identities. The family trees are in a sense generalizations of polylogarithms and do reduce to polylogarithmic expressions for the cubic coupling in inflationary limit. We further show that all family trees can be decomposed into linear chains by taking shuffle products of all subfamilies, with which we find simple connection between bulk time integrals and boundary energy integrals.

The pharmacoeconomic assessment of the rationality of the use of memantine and its combinations with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease in Ukraine

Aim. To conduct the pharmacoeconomic assessment of the rationality of using memantine and its combinations with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease in Ukraine. Materials and methods. Historical, analytical and comparative, systematic, graphic, logical, hypothetical-deductive, as well as marketing, pharmacoeconomic, and mathematical and statistical methods of analysis were used. The pharmacoeconomic studies were conducted using the cost-effectiveness method. CER and ICER indicators were calculated for dementia treatment regimens in Alzheimer’s disease containing memantine and its combinations with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine) in the period of 12 and 24 weeks of their use. The pharmacoeconomic analysis used data on the clinical effectiveness of dementia treatment regimens in Alzheimer’s disease presented in the Sochrane library (ID Number: CN-01071444; Accession Number: PUBMED 25932260e). Results. It was found that despite the clinical advantages of using the memantine+galantamine regimen proven by scientists according to the MMSE scale, the use of the memantine+rivastigmine regimen seemed to be rational (CER1 = 23.13 and CER2 = 34.57 USD/unit of increased efficiency). The clinical and economic benefits of using the memantine+galantamine regimen in the treatment of dementia patients with Alzheimer’s disease were proven in the 12- and 24-week regimen (MMSE scale). In the case of using the AADL scale, it was rational, from the point of view of economical use of resources, in the 12-week regimen of treating patients, the use of the memantine + rivastigmine regimen was less expensive (CER1 = 18.30 $/unit of AADL score reduction), while in the 24-week regime it was the memantine + placebo regimen (CER2 = $37.58 $/ unit of AADL score reduction). Conclusions. The research results presented can be used in forming drug purchases carried out by specialized healthcare institutions under the conditions of limited budget funding and growing needs of psychoneurological patients in effective medical and pharmaceutical care.

A SECURE ONLINE EXAMINATION SYSTEM USING SMART CONTRACTS

Covid19 pandemic has affected many sectors including education. All types of schools (public and private) have started to provide online education systems to their students to prevent spreading the disease. The online education system has brought many advantages besides stopping the spread of the disease. The students have more time since the lectures are not in class, it reduces the cost for the students since they physically do not go to school, and it provides flexibility in the lectures that students decide their schedule to attend the classes. However, there are some challenges in the online education system. The system needs to be available for the students when they take exams, view their exam results, and upload their exams for assessment. Since the lectures and exams are taken online, the data is very crucial. The data contains sensitive information such as exams, answers, scores, name, date of birth, address, phone number, government identification number, etc. A traditional online education system has a centralized infrastructure governed and managed by a single entity. This results in the system having single-point-of-failure attacks. This paper proposes an online examination system based on a smart contract and a blockchain. The blockchain eliminates single-point-of-failure attacks. The teachers write questions and store them in the blockchain. Only authorized students retrieve the exams from the blockchain by using smart contracts. The students submit their completed exams at predefined times. Then, the teachers evaluate the students’ exams and put the results into the blockchain. Their exam scores are protected from any unauthorized entities by encryption. Students can freely see and view their scores at any time. Then, the students can show their results to any other third parties (once they apply for an internship or job) that they have completed the courses successfully. The system also uses a decentralized storage (off-chain) system to eliminate scalability problems. Off-chain storage (InterPlanetary File System) stores students’ exams, answers, and exam results while the corresponding content identifiers of the files are stored in the blockchain. The proposed system is resilient to malicious teachers who can manipulate the exam results. In addition, the proposed system also provides a method for dishonest students who can complain about their exam results. In other words, the proposed system solves any conflicts between entities.

Pendampingan UMKM Dalam Pembuatan NIB Dan Pembembangan Strategi Bisnis yang Berkelanjutan di Kec. Purwadadi Kab. Subang

Community service in Purwadadi District, Subang Regency, West Java, in September-October 2024, aims to empower 30 start-up MSMEs in facing the main challenges, namely business legality, business strategy, and digital marketing. This program is in collaboration with President University as an official partner of the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower and consists of five stages: socialization, training, technology implementation, mentoring and evaluation, and sustainability. Through intensive training, participants are given guidance on creating a Business Identification Number (NIB) using OSS, an understanding of SWOT analysis for business strategy, and digital marketing skills using social media and e-commerce. The implementation of technology such as digital bookkeeping is also taught to improve operational efficiency. Monthly evaluations ensure the success of skill implementation, while MSME study groups are established to support sustainability. The results show that this integrated approach is able to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs.

KKN-Tematik UGJ Kelompok 17 Desa Ciketak Melakukan Pendampingan Pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) untuk Pengembangan UMKM di Desa Ciketak melalui Seminar Digital Marketing

The Thematic Community Service Program (KKN-T) implemented by Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati (UGJ) with the theme “Mutual Cooperation to Build Villages” aims to empower village communities through activities that focus on improving local economic welfare. One of the main initiatives in this KKN-T is mentoring in creating a Business Identification Number (NIB) for micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM) in the village. This program is implemented with a spirit of mutual cooperation involving students, village officials, and the local community. The mentoring activity aims to provide an understanding of the importance of business legality through NIB as an initial step towards developing a more professional and sustainable business. The results of this program show an increase in the number of UMKM that have business legality in the village, which is expected to support local economic growth, access to government assistance, and expand the market. This activity also strengthens collaboration between universities and the community in an effort to build sustainable village economic independence.

Pendampingan Pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha dan Sertifikasi Halal bagi Para Pelaku Usaha UMKM di Kecamatan Singaran Pati

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises or MSMEs are an important part of the economy of a region or country. By developing MSMEs it can provide its own meaning in increasing the value of a country's economic growth and can reduce the value of poverty in a country. The existence of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) can be the backbone of a country's economy, because their form of business can revive a declining economy. According to Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, MSMEs have a very vital role in development and economic growth, but only in developing countries such as Indonesia, but also in developed countries. The main objective of this assistance is to increase the number of MSMEs that obtain NIB and Halal Certification, strengthen consumer confidence, provide guarantees in the production process for producers, increase product competitiveness, stimulate sales turnover growth, open up global marketing opportunities, and comply with government regulations regarding legality. halal business and regulations. The implementation of this mentoring program consists of three stages, namely: pre-service, implementation of mentoring and post-mentoring evaluation. Mentoring activities involve several aspects, such as providing an understanding of the importance of NIB and Halal Certification for MSMEs, assisting in managing business legality through Business Identification Numbers (NIB) and facilitating halal certification programs, and the halal logo is part of this mentoring effort. This activity is focused on MSMEs located in Singaran Pati District, Bengkulu City. Assistance was carried out between 30 May and 30 September 2024, involving 10 business actors. Through the outreach of NIB, SIINas and halal certification. As of the end of September, 3 halal certifications had been issued by the MUI based on the results of assistance and 7 were still in the process of applying for halal certification.

Validation Of Matching Nik, Npwp And Assistance In Filling Out Annual Tax Returns With Ibi Kosgoro Tax Volunteers For 2024 Term Of Service

Matching of Population Identification Numbers (NIK) and Taxpayer Identification Numbers (NPWP), as well as assistance in filling out the Annual Tax Return (SPT). Validation of NIK and NPWP is a critical step in identifying and ensuring the validity of individual and company data in various administrative processes, especially those related to tax obligations. NIK validation involves matching a person's personal identity data with an official government database, while NPWP validation verifies the existence and validity of a company's tax identification number. These two processes support the accuracy of information used in various financial transactions and reporting. Apart from validation, assistance in filling out the Annual Tax Return is also important to ensure that the tax documents submitted comply with applicable tax regulations. This assistance can take the form of technical assistance in filling out SPT forms, consultation regarding income classification and processing tax deductions, as well as interpretation of the latest applicable regulations. Validation of NIK and NPWP as well as assistance in filling out the Annual SPT plays an important role in supporting administrative efficiency and tax compliance. By optimizing these processes, it is hoped that it can improve tax compliance, reduce the risk of administrative errors, and increase transparency and accountability in data management and financial reporting.

Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition, clinical health markers and memory status in the adult population: a single-blind randomised controlled trial

IntroductionDespite the popularity and potential protective effects of intermittent fasting (IF) against metabolic disorders, more human trials must be conducted to highlight its effects on human health. Therefore, the present trial aimed to investigate the effect of IF on the body composition, health markers, and memory status of obese and overweight adults.MethodsA parallel randomised controlled trial was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, with 30 participants recruited from each of the three arms (regular diet, customised diet, and IF group) with a follow-up period of 12 weeks.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the mean percentage change in BMI at the end of the study period (p = 0.55). The IF group exhibited a negative median change (-4.41%) in systolic blood pressure compared with the other two groups (p = 0.014), with no difference among the groups in diastolic blood pressure or blood sugar levels (p > 0.05). The percentage change in waist circumference was more significant in the IF group than in the control group, with a significant improvement in the median percentage change in total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, and HDL levels (p < 0.05) as well as in the memory score (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study revealed that IF helps improve participants’ lipid parameters, systolic blood pressure, and memory status.Trial RegistrationThe present study is registered at the registry of Clinicaltrials.gov with identity number NCT05521945 and registration date 30/08/22.

Clinical Evaluation of Bioactive Injectable Resin Composite vs Conventional Nanohybrid Composite in Posterior Restorations: An 18-Month Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

To evaluate the clinical performance of bioactive injectable resin composite vs nanohybrid resin composite in restoring carious posterior teeth. A total of 18 patients with 26 class I and II carious cavities were recruited. Teeth were divided into two groups (n = 13): group I: Bioactive injectable resin composite (Beautifil Flow Plus X F00) while group II: Nanohybrid resin composite (Tetric N-Ceram) and were restored according to the manufacturer's instructions. The restorations were evaluated using the modified USPHS criteria at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed with a significant level set at (p ≤ 0.05). Using the Chi-squared test and Cochran's Q test. The survival rate was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests. Inter- and intra-group comparisons showed no statistically significant difference between bioactive injectable resin composite and nanohybrid resin composite at different time intervals in terms of anatomical form, marginal adaptation, secondary caries, marginal staining, postoperative sensitivity. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between both materials regarding the overall survival rate after 18 months. The clinical performance of bioactive injectable resin composite and nanohybrid resin composite was similar and found to be clinically acceptable after 18 months of clinical use. Bioactive injectable resin composite can be used to restore occlusal anatomy as a nanohybrid resin composite in restoring posterior cavities with acceptable clinical performance. It was registered in (www. gov) database in June 2022, with identification number NCT05499494. How to cite this article: Elderiny HM, Khallaf YS, Akah MM, et al. Clinical Evaluation of Bioactive Injectable Resin Composite vs Conventional Nanohybrid Composite in Posterior Restorations: An 18-Month Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(8):794-802.

Adverse birth and obstetric outcomes in the offspring of male adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: A nationwide population-based study.

Background The growing population of male adolescent and young adult (AYA, 15-40 years old) cancer survivors has heightened interest in their reproductive health. However, studies have reported conflicting findings on the potential risks of cancer and its treatments on birth and obstetric outcomes. Methods We utilized encrypted identification numbers for both fathers and mothers to link three nationwide Taiwan datasets from 2004 to 2019, identifying 3,785 births with a paternal history of AYA cancer. For comparison, we included 37,850 matched fathers without a cancer history, matched by paternal age and infant birth year. We employed multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify independent associations between adverse birth outcomes (e.g., preterm labor, low birthweight, and congenital malformations) and obstetric outcomes (e.g., fetal growth restriction, threatened labor, and threatened abortion) and being born to male AYA cancer survivors. Results The offspring of male AYA cancer survivors did not exhibit a significantly increased risk of adverse birth (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-1.1) or obstetric (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.0-1.1) outcomes compared to offspring born to cancer-free matched fathers. Furthermore, the risk of preterm labor, low birthweight, congenital malformations, fetal growth restriction, and threatened labor or miscarriage was comparable between groups. Conclusions Paternal cancer history during adolescence or young adulthood does not appear to increase offspring's risk of adverse birth or obstetric outcomes. Impact This study reassures about this population's reproductive health, providing valuable insights for oncology and reproductive medicine, potentially influencing patient counseling and guidelines.

Validity of prenatal AUDIT screening for alcohol disorders - a Nationwide Swedish register study.

This study aims to assess the external validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in Swedish prenatal care as an indicator for alcohol-addiction disorders, and to characterize women with mismatched information in healthcare registers. This study was designed as a National register-based study. Sweden. The study sample included 739,735 pregnancies over the period 2014-2020. Prospectively collected prenatal AUDIT screening in the Swedish Pregnancy register was linked to national health databases through individual identification number. The AUDIT score was dichotomized into < 6 points (low-risk use) and ≥ 6 points (hazardous use). Alcohol addiction disorders were defined by a diagnostic code in The Swedish National Patient Register or drugs dispensed for alcohol dependence in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The diagnostic properties of AUDIT were assessed based on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), and accuracy (proportion of true positive and true negative) for an AUDIT score of ≥ 6 points for alcohol disorders. Women with mismatched information in the register were characterized and assessed by multinominal logistic regression, using women with matched information in the registers for reference. An alcohol-related disorder was recorded in 3.1%, while 25,770 (3.5%) had an AUDIT point ≥ 6. The diagnostic accuracy of the AUDIT ≥ 6 points for detection of an alcohol related disorder during a year prior to pregnancy was 95.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 95.7, 95.8), with a positive LR of 8.03 (95% CI: 7.5, 8.6). The sensitivity for detecting a pre-pregnancy alcohol related disorder was 33.0% (95% CI: 30.9, 35.1). Being young, nulliparous, of low education, and of Swedish origin increased the likelihood of being misclassified with the AUDIT. Prior psychiatric care was associated with false negatives, especially for women with neuropsychiatric disorders (odds ratio [OR]: 10.39, 95% CI: 9.89, 10.90). The accuracy of AUDIT in screening for alcohol disorders at a population-based level was high, but only identified one third of women with alcohol-related disorders when using a cut-off of six points criterion.

Ensuring Equality Before the Law and Personal Data Protection through Implementation of AI Integration in Single Identification Number Systems: A Positivism Philosophy Perspective

Ensuring Equality Before the Law and Personal Data Protection through Implementation of AI Integration in Single Identification Number Systems: A Positivism Philosophy Perspective

Evaluation of serum levels in children with delayed eruption

AimThis study aimed to assess levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D3), calcium (Ca+2), phosphorus (P), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and to determine delayed tooth eruption by examining their correlations.Material and methodThe study included 101 paediatric patients, aged 6–14 years, who visited the Dicle University Paediatric Dentistry Clinic, had no systemic diseases, and had not received medication in the past three months. Among them, 60 patients exhibited delayed eruption of their permanent central and first molar teeth, while 41 did not. Serum levels of 25(OH)D3, Ca+2, P, and PTH were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS software, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsSerum levels of 25(OH)D3 and Ca+2 were significantly lower in the patient group, whereas PTH levels were significantly lower in the control group (p < 0.05). However, serum P levels did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsSerum parameters play a significant role in tooth eruption. The significance of vitamin D has increased because of its physiological effects and involvement in metabolic pathways, highlighting the need to examine Ca+2, P, and PTH levels, which contribute to its regulation. Low levels of vitamin D and Ca+2, along with elevated PTH levels, have been identified as potential factors contributing to delayed tooth eruption, whereas P levels do not appear to have a significant impact. In view of the ongoing growth and development in this patient group, regular monitoring of vitamin D, Ca+2, and PTH levels, along with timely interventions, is essential.Trial registrationTCTR identification number: TCTR20240729001; registered on 29 July 2024. The trial was registered retrospectively.

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy as a Tool to Characterize Exercise and Physical Activity: A Systematic Review.

Over the past few decades, the scientific community has recognized the impact of physical activity on health and performance. In parallel, researchers have been actively exploring novel methodologies to analyze the physiological and metabolic responses to exercise. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool in this effort, offering the potential to provide unique insights into exercise-related changes at the molecular level. The primary goal of this systematic review is to confirm the viability of utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of the biochemical changes associated with physical exercise and its potential applications. This systematic review adhered to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and examined studies employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze exercise and physical activity, focusing on a biological sample collection and spectral analysis. Four databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched, and inclusion criteria encompassed original English-language studies involving human participants aged 18-50years, a biological sample collection (urine, saliva, and blood), and the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The studies were analyzed considering the type of exercise or sport that was investigated, and also the type of spectral analysis conducted. The review encompassed 15 studies that demonstrated the versatility of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in assessing various aspects of exercise, including metabolism, cardiovascular responses, and muscular fatigue. The largest study evaluated 57 athletes from several different sports. On average, almost all the studies were performed with around 20 athletes. Notably, the technique's holistic approach allows for a comprehensive analysis of the complex network of metabolites and proteins within the human body. Data analysis methodologies, particularly when coupled with machine learning, show great potential for advancing the field of sports science. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy emerges as a promising tool for monitoring and enhancing the performance of high-level athletes, preventing overtraining or even over-reaching, and assessing metabolism. Its accuracy, efficiency, and affordability also make it a candidate for broader applications in assessing the health and fitness of the general population. Future research should explore its applicability across diverse exercise modalities and demographic groups, aiming to prescribe exercise plans that consider a multitude of parameters for larger, more intricate exercise cohorts. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the ID number CRD42023441965.