Identification Procedures Research Articles

Guarantees and Limitations of the Sustainability Village Autonomy Through Rules of Recognition: Indonesia Experiences

This research examines whether the village authority inventory norms regulated in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages (Village Law). have guaranteed or limited the sustainability of village autonomy. The object of the research is an analysis of village authority inventory arrangements in several districts or cities in Indonesia: Badung Regency, Banyuwangi Regency, Sambas Regency, Sleman Regency, and Sungai Penuh City. The research method is normative research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The study concludes, first, that the village authority regulation model has two sides, on the one hand, it has been regulated in various and different ways both in terms of the type and amount of authority, but on the other hand, village authority is still regulated in a minimalist way. Second, there are still problems in the identification and inventory procedures for the list of village authorities, which have no relevance to the sustainability of village autonomy. The various village authority regulation models are relevant to guarantee the consistency of village autonomy.

Introducing a droit de suite through NFTs in Japan: legal hurdles

Abstract The Droit de Suite (DDS), designed to offer heightened protection for artists, remains absent from Japan’s legislative framework, potentially creating disparities among creators. The implementation of DDS in Japan encounters hurdles due to its administration’s intricate nature and associated costs. Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have emerged as a promising solution, streamlining DDS processes through token transactions and obviating the need for time-intensive identification procedures. Japanese NFT exchange platforms have already begun providing DDS services, contributing to a more efficient and equitable system. This article delves into the legal complexities of integrating NFTs into the DDS structure, examining their enforceability in Japanese courts and evaluating the efficacy of tokenization within the country. While the discussion is primarily theoretical, the paper explores the concept of DDS, scrutinizes the essence and validity of NFT technology’s cornerstone—smart contracts, and explores the nuances of NFT transfers in Japan, a pivotal element for DDS implementation.

Dynamic model identification of the medieval bell tower of Casertavacchia (Italy)

The structural safeguard of tangible cultural heritage, monuments in particular, needs a multi-disciplinary approach involving historical–critical analysis, survey, in-situ and laboratory testing to provide a comprehensive knowledge on the object under investigation and build a structural model representative of the current state of the monument. In this paper, this approach is applied to the case study of the bell tower of San Michele Arcangelo cathedral in Casertavecchia (Italy). The historical–critical analysis was fundamental to understand the evolution of the tower over the centuries. Material tests were complemented by ambient vibration testing (AVT) which allowed for a complete characterisation of frequencies and mode shapes for the bell towers. A further model identification procedure was carried out to exploit the amount of information gathered within the documental and experimental activities and set up a reasonably accurate numerical model. The activities described in this paper highlight (a) the importance of correctly representing all substructures present in the monument, possibly hidden and built in different historical periods; (b) the possibility offered by model identification procedures to separate identifiable from less significant parameters, as well as selecting the best model in terms of representation complexity; (c) the effect of soil-structure and structure-structure interaction on the modal behaviour of the monument. In particular, the identification analyses without considering the inner concrete frame are consistently characterised by higher values of ωf and ωMAC compared to the analogous analyses in which all substructures were included. The best fit with the dynamic data is obtained by introducing deformable structure-soil connection while the effect of lateral constraints is hardly captured by the utilised setup.

Corneal Endothelial Microscopy: Does a Manual Recognition of the Endothelial Cells Help the Morphometric Analysis Compared to a Fully Automatic Approach?

This study investigated whether manual integration in the recognition of the endothelial cells produces different outcomes of morphometric parameters compared to a fully automatic approach. Eight hundred and ninety endothelial images, originally acquired by the Perseus Specular Microscope (CSO, Florence, Italy), from seven positions of right and left corneas were selected from the database of the Research Centre in Optics and Optometry at the University of Milano-Bicocca. For each image selected, two procedures of cell identification were performed by the Perseus: an automatic identification and a manual-integrated procedure to add potential additional cells with the available editing tool. At the end of both procedures, the endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), and hexagonality (HEX) of the mosaic were calculated. The HEX in the two procedures was significantly different for all comparisons (p < 0.001), but clinically negligible. No significant differences were found for the CV and ECD in the images of both eyes irrespective of the corneal position of acquisition (except for ECD in three corneal portions, p < 0.05). To conclude, it is possible to recognise a significantly higher number of cells using the manual-integrated procedure than it is using the fully automatic one, but this does not change the morphological parameters achieved.

COMPARATOR REGRESSION ANALYSIS IN CONDITIONS OF FUZZY INITIAL DATA

Abstract. The canonical task of regression analysis consists in studying the problem of estimation and mathematical description of the influence caused by one or more independent variables (predictors, explanatory variables) on the dependent (explained) variable. The subject of comparator identification problem is a specific modification of the standard regression analysis problem in the case when, for some reason, it is not possible to measure values of the dependent, explained variable. However, the problem of reconstructing a regression polynomial can be solved if it is possible to qualitatively compare the results of experiments and rank them, for example, in the order of increasing. Taking into account the results of ranking the values of the explained variable in different experiments, a corresponding system of inequalities is formed. The purpose of the research consists in developing a method for mathematical processing of the resulting system of inequalities for analytical assessment of the level of influence of explanatory variables on the explained variable. The method for solving the problem is based on transforming a system of inequalities into a system of linear algebraic equations. A significant drawback of the known approach to solving this problem consists in the fact that the resulting system of linear algebraic equations is an underdetermined one (the number of unknowns in this system exceeds the number of equations). At the same time, the system has an infinite number of solutions, among which there may be an uncontrollable number of unacceptable ones. The exhaustive search method for finding acceptable solutions is futile. In this regard, the problem of developing a correct method of comparator identification remains relevant. Another difficulty that accompanies the actual procedure of comparator identification when solving practical problems consists in the fact that measurements of values of the controlled parameters are not accurate. The uncertainty that arises in the conditions of a small sample of initial data can be removed using the tools of fuzzy mathematics. It is assumed that, based on preliminary research, a mathematical description of the corresponding membership function can be obtained for each of the controlled parameters. As a result, effective approaches to solving emerging problems have been proposed, based on the use of developed optimization procedures in the conditions of a small sample of fuzzy initial data.

A hybrid approach of vision transformers and CNNs for detection of ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative Colitis is an Inflammatory Bowel disease caused by a variety of factors that lead to a serious impact on the quality of life of the patients if left untreated. Due to complexities in the identification procedures of this disease, the treatment timeline and quality can be severely affected, leading to further consequences for the sufferer. The difficulties in identification are due to high patients to healthcare professionals ratio. Researchers have proposed variety of machine/deep learning methods for automated detection of ulcerative colitis, however, several challenges exists including class imbalance problem, comprehensive feature extraction and accurate classification. We propose a novel method for accurate detection of ulcerative colitis with augmentation techniques to overcome class imbalance issue, a comprehensive feature vector extraction using custom architecture of Vision Transformer (ViT) and accurate classification using customized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We used the TMC-UCM and LIMUC datasets in this research for training and testing of proposed method and achieved accuracy of 90% with AUC-ROC scores of 0.91, 0.81, 0.94, and 0.94 for the endoscopic classes of Mayo 0, Mayo 1, Mayo 2, and Mayo 3 respectively. We have compared the proposed method with existing state of the art methods and conclude that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods.

Ultrasonography for non-invasive sex identification and reproductive assessment in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Sex identification and the selection of monosex male tilapia are crucial for tilapia aquaculture. In this study, we evaluated the application of ultrasonography as an alternative procedure for sex identification and reproductive assessment in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Ultrasonography was performed on 23 fish weighing 232-1,281 g to capture longitudinal and transverse images of the ovaries and testes. Female tilapia were identified by the presence of numerous small egg granules and gray or light gray ovarian tissue and male tilapia by the homogeneous echogenicity and uniform gray tubular appearance of the testes. These distinct echogenic patterns allowed for accurate differentiation between the female and male fish. Ultrasonography achieved a 95% accuracy in sex identification, with minimal stress to the fish during the procedure, compared to manual sex sorting, which demonstrated an accuracy of 87%. Furthermore, the method facilitated the assessment of the reproductive status of the fish, including the maturation stages and fecundity potential. The use of ultrasonography offers significant advantages over traditional methods, such as animal welfare enhancements and improved breeding program efficiency. Our findings support the integration of ultrasonography into aquaculture practices and will promote sustainable and humane fish farming while optimizing reproductive management and productivity.

Analysis of the List of Risks Affecting the Verification of Measuring Instruments

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the risks accompanying the process of verification of measuring instruments in metrological services. Risks are analyzed within the framework of a holistic risk and opportunity management system aimed at identifying and managing potential threats and opportunities affecting the achievement of the ultimate goals of the organization. Risk is defined as a possible negative event that could affect project performance and is evaluated by probability of occurrence and possible consequences. The objectives of risk and opportunity management are aimed at ensuring the achievement of the capabilities of the metrology service under conditions of uncertainty. Effective risk assessment of the process of verification of measuring instruments requires a comprehensive approach. In this regard, in the course of the study the regulatory framework was considered, regulating activities in the field of ensuring the uniformity of measurements, identified internal and external environmental factors affecting the process of verification of measuring instruments, identified stakeholders in the field of metrology services. Procedures for risk identification, analysis, assessment and management have been developed within the system. The list of typical risks and opportunities in the process of verification of measuring instruments in the relationship with environmental factors and possible consequences for the organization is compiled. The developed list of potential risks and opportunities is typical for the process of verification of measuring instruments and therefore can be recommended to employees of metrological services of enterprises. With its help it is possible to assess in advance the potential risks and opportunities in the metrological field and to achieve a more effective result by minimizing the negative consequences.

Correct patient identification and matching of adults in an ambulatory care setting: a best practice implementation project.

Ambulatory care settings are at high risk for errors when identifying patients and matching them to their intended care. The objective of this project was to improve correct and consistent patient identification and matching to their intended care by nurses in ambulatory care settings. The seven-phase JBI Evidence Implementation Framework was used to guide this project. JBI tools were used to audit current practices and implement best practices in four ambulatory care units. The implementation plan included a baseline audit and two follow-up audits. Feedback was obtained through interviews with ambulatory care nursing staff, educational sessions were conducted for nursing staff, and unit guidelines were developed. In the baseline audit, compliance with best practice criteria for patient matching and identification was below 62% for 7/13 criteria. After conducting education sessions and other strategies, 1/3 pre- and post-clinical intervention criteria improved in compliance, while 2 were unchanged. For blood product administration criteria, 2/5 improved, 1 was unchanged, and 2 were lower than baseline. Nurses' education in patient identification procedures improved (1/1) and knowing where to access relevant policies remained unchanged at 100%. Criteria for patients knowing the importance of patient identification (2/2) and the identification band following national standards (1/1) improved from baseline. The results support the use of education sessions and infrastructure changes to promote and sustain change in evidence-based practice in ambulatory care units. Not all criteria improved, and the audit team identified strategies to improve the implementation of evidence-based practice in ambulatory care units. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A275.

Estimation of stresses in 1D structures via inverse wavenumber analysis

The ANR ITHERATE project proposes to develop identification procedures of residual stresses in additive manufacturing via in-situ and non destructive methods using the wide band wave response of structures. This work presents a proof on concept on one-dimensional waveguides, as a preliminary results to more complex configurations. An original experimental setup is implemented using a cylindrical lens to optically amplify the vibrations of the structure in the transverse direction, allowing to resolve the wave propagation with a high-speed low-resolution camera. The dispersion of the wave velocity with the frequency, obtained via high-resolution wavenumber analysis (HRWA), is compared to predictions given by the acousto-elastic theory. In particular, the effects of the quasi-static initial stress and the elasticity of the material can be separated and estimated seperately via an inverse method that is independent from the boundary conditions and applied loads. Interestingly, this wave-based estimation does not necessitate an a-priori knowledge of the material constitutive law, overcoming the limitations of most stress estimation techniques of the state of the art, that are based on a measurement of the strain. Finally, perspectives for the generalization of the method to more complex situations, as plates under thermal loads, will be presented.

Machine-Based and Auditory Identification of Slavic Languages

This paper presents a comparison of auditory and machine-based identification of linguistic origins. Two studies were conducted to assess the ability of lay listeners and a stateof-the-art machine approach to identify Slavic L1 from delexicalized speech samples. The first study involved 228 native speakers of the four Slavic languages (Bulgarian, Czech, Polish and Russian) who had not received any prior training in Slavic philology, phonetics, linguistics, or forensic science. Their task was to identify the linguistic origins of speakers when exposed to limited phonetic cues. The stimuli consisted of meaningless logatomes to control for the lexical information. The second study employed machine-based identification of a spoken language, based on two distinct approaches: (1) formant structure of phonetic signal and (2) a neural network and vector representation of speech samples. The data showed that Slavic native speakers, even when exposed to limited auditory cues, are able to identify speakers’ L1s. Interestingly, in the context of the Bulgarian language, the machine-based identification method performed better than the lay listeners. The results of the experiments provide insight into the advantages of hybrid approaches in investigations related to LADO (Language Analyses for the Determination of Origin). Furthermore, the outcomes of this comparison may contribute to the debate on the involvement of native speakers in L1 identification procedures for closely related languages.

ROLE OF FUNGI IN COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE IN RANI DURGAVATI MEDICAL COLLEGE, BANDA (FORMERLY GOVERNMENT ALLOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, BANDA 210001 (UP) INDIA.)

Background: Fungal infections of the lung have gained increasing recognition in the field of infectious disease and they are difficult to diagnosis. Advances in modern treatment like antibiotics corticosteroids, Immunosupressants and anticancer drugs have lead to increase in opportunistic fungal infections including bronchopulmonary Candidiasis and Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis has also increased, commonly occurs in COVID-19 patients of pre existing bronchial asthma. In India there is high prevalence of chronic lung diseases including bronchial Asthma, yet the diagnosis of aspergillosis and Candidiasis. An association between asthma and aspergillosis was noted and confirmed by isolation of Aspergillus species more commonly in sputum of Asthma patients (Lum et al., 2020 Singla, N. et al., 2019). Subject and Methods: To find out the role of fungi in 50 Corona virus (RTPCR test) positive patients of chronic lung disease (non tubercular) like COPD, Chronic Bronchitis with or without emphysema, Broncheichtasis, Bronchial Asthma were included. Patients were attended and admitted in Rani Durgavati Medical College (RDMC) and Hospital, Banda (UP) India, in a one year period was taken up from December 2020 till December 2021. The diagnosis of these cases v/as established by clinical features, radiological examination of chest, ECG, pulmonary function tests. Laboratory procedure for isolation and identification of fungi in bronchoalveoiar lavage. Each specimen of Bronchoalveloar Lavage (BAL) was subjected to various laboratory procedures for isolation and identification of fungi. Result: Different fungal species were cultured in 26% total cases. 20% isolates were positive for fungi alone whereas rest 6% cases showed both bacterial and fungal pathogens amongst fungi Candida was the predominant isolate in 16% cases followed by Aspergillus in 8% cases and Histopfasms capsulatum in just1(2%) case. Fungal isolates in bronchial aspirates were sensitive to Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, etc. Conclusion: COVID-19 Patients which are already containing chronic lung diseases especially COPD, bronchiectasis is more common in elderly males. The Bronchiectatic patients are also at risk of getting, fungal infections Patients of chronic lung disease who are on long-term antibiotic therapy, and or steroids are more predisposed to get these opportunistic infections. Another conclusion from it is clear that there is great need better and judicious use of antibiotics in patients to prevent drug resistance, to prevent further progression of the diseases.

Exploring procedural justice in stakeholder identification using a systematic mapping approach

In the face of complex societal challenges, stakeholder participation/engagement and knowledge co-production have become increasingly important to the sustainability sciences. Why and how these stakeholders are identified frequently remains unclear, which raises concerns regarding rigor and procedural justice of research processes. Against this background, this paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding of how and why procedural justice issues materialize in stakeholder identification and assess the extent to which they can be addressed. We build on proposals for stakeholder identification in the academic literature that integrate three common approaches: analytical, sampling, and participant-based approaches. Further zooming into these approaches and related methods through a procedural justice lens, we show how the inclusion of stakeholders, the influence of stakeholders on the identification process, and the transparency of the overall identification process matter. We draw upon our own case study experiences to share the lessons learned, including the benefits of systematic mapping approaches for stakeholder identification. We conclude that stakeholder mapping facilitates accurate documenting of identification procedures and supports iterative refinement and adjustments of the stakeholders identified, whilst also creating reflexive potential to address intuitive and past experience-based practices, ultimately opening promising avenues to advance procedural justice in stakeholder identification.

Sex estimation based on glabella morphology in contemporary Brazilian human skulls

BackgroundEstimating sex from a dry skull depends on studying validated and specific traits. One such reference area exhibiting sexual dimorphism is the glabella, located on the frontal bone. This anatomical landmark is easily classified and shows promising results in sexual identification due to its magnitude variations between sexes. The present study is methodologically based on Walker’s approach, which visually analyzes cranial traits and scores them according to their morphology. This study aimed to investigate the sex estimation of dry skulls from Brazilian human skeletons for human identification through macroscopic analysis of the glabella. This analytical, quantitative, cross-sectional study utilized a sample of 471 skulls from both sexes, aged 25 years or older, belonging to the contemporary collection of the Center for Studies in Forensic Anthropology at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (CEAF/FOP/UPE), Brazil. Data were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet and subsequently subjected to statistical analysis using IBM© SPSS (version 22.0).ResultsInitial observation of the skeletons excluded 52 (11.0%) due to age below 25 years, absence of a skull, or compromised glabella region, resulting in a final sample of 419 skulls. The mean age was 66.6 years, with a median of 67, a minimum of 25, and a maximum of 109 years. Regarding glabella types, score 2 showed the highest frequency (35.6%), while score 5 had the lowest percentage (7.9%). A statistically significant association was found between female sex and glabella scores 1 and 2. Also, individuals aged over 60 presented more glabella scores 1 and 2. The sex estimation accuracy for the sample was 76.1%, with females having a higher percentage of correct observations than males.ConclusionsThe morphology of the glabella provides useful information for estimating sex in the biological profile. However, further studies on this morphological trait in other Brazilian osteological collections are encouraged to establish a national profile and contribute to human identification procedures in the country.

Taylor Swift does not boost face recognition in reaction time-based Concealed Information Test: investigating target-familiarity effects

Eyewitness identifications from lineups are prone to error. More indirect identification procedures, such as the reaction-time based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) could be a viable alternative to lineups. The RT-CIT uses response times to assess facial familiarity. Theory and initial evidence with autobiographical stimuli suggests that the accuracy of RT-CIT can be augmented when participants’ reliance on familiarity-based responding increases. We tested this assumption in two pre-registered experiments with 173 participants. Participants witnessed a mock crime. In the subsequent RT-CIT protocol, participants reacted to probe faces from the mock crime video, to irrelevant faces, and to target faces that required a unique response. Targets were either unknown people or were well-known celebrities (e.g., Taylor Swift). As expected, reaction times were longer to probes than to irrelevants in all conditions, indicating a CIT effect. Contrasting our pre-registered predictions, the CIT effect was not larger in the familiar condition (Experiment 1: unfamiliar targets: d = 0.77 vs. celebrity targets: d = 0.24; Experiment 2: unfamiliar targets: d = 1.09 vs. celebrity targets: d = 0.79). This suggests that familiar targets did not increase the validity of the RT-CIT in diagnosing concealed face recognition. A potential lack of saliency of the familiar targets might explain these unexpected findings. Of note, we did find medium to large effect sizes overall, speaking to the potential of diagnosing face recognition with the RT-CIT.

Type 1 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Chronic Kidney Diseases and Renal Failure in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the risk factors and association of the incidence of diabetic kidney disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. Methods: We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct to find pertinent literature. Rayyan QRCI was utilized during the entire process. Results: We included eight studies with a total of 11,468 T2D patients and 4966 (43.3%) were females. The available literature on the association between T1D and CKD among adolescents lacks epidemiological data on the prevalence and sex differences. Higher eGFR, diabetes duration, low C-peptide levels, glycemic control, age at a clinic visit, advanced glycation end products, and BMI were reported as significant risk factors for developing renal impairment in adolescents with T1D. Conclusion: The results of this research point to the necessity of a standardized screening procedure for the early identification and appropriate treatment of DKD. In order to provide an accurate assessment of this illness, methodological approaches should be taken into account. Furthermore, it's imperative to educate teenagers with T1D about the possibility of DKD, which can result in renal failure and even death. Future improvements in the quality of life for teenagers with T1D are anticipated as a result of this awareness.

Номинальный счет: некоторые вопросы регулирования, теории и практики

The article is devoted to disclosing the idea of the institute of nominal account, analysing the normative regulation of this instrument, studying the peculiarities of legal relations accompanying the opening and maintenance of nominal account. In particular, the author investigates the basis for beneficiary’s participation in the legal relations under the nominal account agreement, the problem of formalisation of contractual terms of account operations (clarifying the difference between the concepts of ‘control’ and ‘restriction’ of operations), pays attention to some controversial aspects of regulation and proposes their solution, and also comments on the procedure of beneficiary identification by the bank. The article concludes with some examples of practical applications of the nominal account, based on its peculiarities.

Systematic Experimental Evaluation of Aeroelastic Characteristics of a Highly Flexible Wing Demonstrator

This paper presents a comprehensive experimental analysis of the evolutionary modal characteristics of a highly flexible wing that exhibits bending–torsion coupling-driven instability. By implementing operational modal analysis on responses triggered by a combination of an external pulse-like stimulation and turbulence within the flow, this paper presents the airspeed-driven variations of the modal frequencies, damping ratios, and the underlying modal coupling behavior, leading to instability. This analysis is extended to varying the wing root pitch angles through which the effects of geometrical nonlinearity are exercised. Their effects are particularly noted on the hump feature of the airspeed-driven damping ratio locus of the mode responsible for instability. The decreasing critical damping ratio is shown to result in amplified turbulence-driven responses, which pose significant challenges to identification procedures by masking the visibility of other modes. Furthermore, through a novel technique used to analyze the modal coupling, the relative phase and magnitude properties of the coupled bending–torsion composition of the critical mode before and at flutter onset are evidenced experimentally. It is demonstrated that these relative participation measures provide a strong indication of the response content of the limit cycle oscillations that emerge after the flutter speed.

주식을 이용한 사기 피해 방지방안에 관한 연구

Fraud crime using stocks (hereinafter referred to as fraud crime) refers to defrauding investments by supplying listed stocks, unlisted stocks, and overseas futures at lower prices than the actual transaction price using virtual securities companies and inducing investment by guaranteeing high returns. Since this crime is committed using fake phones and fake bank accounts in cyberspace called communication media, it is difficult to identify criminals, making it difficult to arrest them. Victims of fraud suffer from mental pain such as depression, anxiety, regret, and despair due to financial loss. Therefore, related agencies will not be able to stop crimes unless legal, institutional, and policy countermeasures are sought to prevent them. To prevent this, it is necessary to seek proactive and follow-up measures. First, the preliminary precautionary measure is ① by enacting a law on criminal law alarms to prevent damage by informing investigative agencies or financial institutions of the criminal law to the entire population. ② Even if an investor remits the investment, the investment should not be remitted for a certain period of time through the remittance transfer delay system, so that the investment should not be remitted to the criminal's account when the investor is judged to be fraudulent. ③ Financial institutions notify the investigative agency when a large amount of deposit and withdrawal accounts occur for a certain period of time, and when a damage report is received for the account, the investigative agency must immediately obtain a seizure and search warrant and confiscate it to prevent further damage. ④ Employees of financial companies should be able to impose the obligation to notify them through the revision of related laws that they can be punished if they are used for identification procedures and crimes when opening mobile phones and bankbooks. Next, the follow-up measures are ① The National Assembly should strengthen criminal punishment through the revision of the criminal law so that fraudulent crimes are not considered “remaining business,” so that potential criminals do not only prevent crime but also lead to crime. ② When a crime damage report is received, the investigative agency should obtain a real-time communication warrant so that the criminal can be located and arrested. ③ The National Assembly should unify the request for a search warrant from the police to the court so that investigative agencies can obtain warrants early and confiscate mobile phones and bank accounts. ④ The Ministry of Justice should establish a law enforcement agency dedicated to fraud so that it can arrest criminals and prevent crimes by securing expertise and giving investigative power superior to criminal methods. ⑤ The National Assembly should enact a law on suspension of withdrawal to prevent withdrawal when a financial institution requests the suspension of withdrawal, knowing that the investor is a fraud. These countermeasures will be a great driving force in preventing fraudulent crimes.

Identification of autoantibodies as potential non-invasive biomarkers for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) presents a challenging diagnosis due to its nonspecific early clinical manifestations, often resulting in late-stage detection and high mortality. Diagnosing iCCA is further complicated by its limited accuracy, often necessitating multiple invasive procedures for precise identification. Despite carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19-9) having been investigated and employed for iCCA diagnosis, it demonstrates modest diagnostic performance. Consequently, the identification of novel biomarkers with improved sensitivity and specificity remains an imperative yet formidable task. Autoantibodies, as early indicators of the immune response against cancer, offer a promising avenue for enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Our study aimed to identify non-invasive blood-based autoantibody biomarkers capable of distinguishing iCCA patients from healthy individuals (CTRs). We profiled autoantibodies in 26 serum samples (16 iCCAs and 10 CTRs) using protein microarrays containing 1622 functional proteins. Leveraging machine learning techniques, we identified a signature composed of three autoantibody biomarkers (NDE1, PYCR1, and VIM) in conjunction with CA19-9 for iCCA detection. This combined signature demonstrated superior diagnostic performance with an AUC of 96.9%, outperforming CA19-9 alone (AUC: 83.8%). These results suggest the potential of autoantibody biomarkers to develop a complementary non-invasive diagnostic utility for routine iCCA screening.