Identification Of Substances Research Articles

Identification and trend analysis of organic cationic contaminants via non-target screening in suspended particulate matter of the German rivers Rhine and Saar

Non-target screening of suspended particulate matter (SPM), collected from the German rivers Rhine and Saar, was conducted with the goal of identifying organic, permanent cationic contaminants and of estimating their temporal trends over an extended period. Therefore, annual composite samples of SPM, provided by the German Environmental Specimen Bank, were extracted and analyzed with high resolution LC-QToF-MS/MS. To facilitate the identification of substances belonging to the class “permanent cations”, prioritization methods were applied utilizing the physicochemical properties of these compounds. These methods include both interactions of the analyte molecules with cation exchange resins and analyzing mass deviations when changing from non-deuterated to deuterated mobile phase solvents during LC-MS analysis. By applying both methods in a combined approach, 123 of the initially detected 2695 features were prioritized, corresponding to a 95% data reduction. This led to the identification of 22 permanent cationic species. The organic dyes Basic Yellow 28 and Fluorescent Brightener 363 as well as two quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were detected in environmental samples for the first time to best of or knowledge. The other compounds include additional QACs, as well as quaternary tri-phenylphosphonium compounds (QPC/TPP). In addition to identification, we determined temporal trends of all compounds over a period of 13 years and assessed their ecotoxicological relevance based on estimated concentrations. The two QACs oleyltrimethylammonium and eicosyltrimethylammonium show significant increasing trends in the Rhine SPM and maximum concentrations in the Saar SPM of about 900 and 1400 µg/kg, respectively. In the case of the dyes, constant trends have been observed at the end of the studied period, but also maximum concentrations of 400 µg/kg for Basic Yellow 28 in 2006 and 1000 µg/kg for Fluorescent Brightener 363 in 2015, potentially indicating a strong ecotoxicological risk.

Quasi-acoustic impedance matching distributed opto-mechanical sensor with aluminized coating optical fibers.

The uncoated single-mode fiber has been extensively researched as an opto-mechanical sensor since it can achieve substance identification of the surrounding media by exciting and detecting transverse acoustic waves via forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS), but it has the danger of being easily broken. Although polyimide-coated fibers are reported to allow transverse acoustic waves transmission through the coating to reach the ambient while maintaining the mechanical properties of the fiber, it still suffers from the problems of hygroscopic property and spectral instability. Here, we propose a distributed FSBS-based opto-mechanical sensor using an aluminized coating optical fiber. Benefiting from the quasi-acoustic impedance matching condition of the aluminized coating and silica core cladding, aluminized coating optical fibers not only have stronger mechanical properties and higher transverse acoustic wave transmission efficiency but also have a higher signal-to-noise ratio, compared with the polyimide coating fibers. The distributed measurement ability is verified by identifying air and water around the aluminized coating optical fiber with a spatial resolution of 2 m. In addition, the proposed sensor is immune to external relative humidity changes, which is beneficial for liquid acoustic impedance measurements.

Research Progress of Hyperspectral Imaging Technology in Biological Evidence.

Hyperspectral imaging technology can obtain the spatial and spectral three-dimensional imaging of substances simultaneously, and obtain the unique continuous characteristic spectrum of substances in a wide spectrum range at a certain spatial resolution, which has outstanding advantages in the fine classification and identification of biological substances. With the development of hyperspectral imaging technology, a large amount of data has been accumulated in the exploration of data acquisition, image processing and material inspection. As a new technology means, hyperspectral imaging technology has its unique advantages and wide application prospects. It can be combined with the common biological physical evidence of blood (stains), saliva, semen, sweat, hair, nails, bones, etc., to achieve rapid separation, inspection and identification of substances. This paper introduces the basic theory of hyperspectral imaging technology and its application in common biological evidence examination research and analyzes the feasibility and development of biological evidence testing and identification, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new technology and promote hyperspectral imaging technology in related biological examination, to better serve the forensic practice.

Detection of Synthetic Cannabinoid CUMYL-PEGACLONE in E-Cigarette Oil and Hair.

To establish a combined high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method to detect the synthetic cannabinoid CUMYL-PEGACLONE in e-cigarette oil and hair. HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS were used to establish the detection method of CUMYL-PEGACLONE, and the hair of drug-involved persons and the seized e-cigarette oil were detected. The main mass spectrometry characteristic ions m/z of CUMYL-PEGACLONE measured by GC-MS were 91, 179, 197, 254 and 372. CUMYL-PEGACLONE had a good linear relationship in the mass concentration range of 2-50 ng/mL, and the linear correlation coefficient (r) was greater than 0.99. The limit of detection (LOD) of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in hair was 0.01 ng/mg, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.02 ng/mg. The LOD of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in e-cigarette oil was 1 ng/mg, and the LOQ was 2 ng/mg. The average recoveries of CUMYL-PEGACLONE under the attempt at high, intermediate and low levels in blank human hair and e-cigarette oil matrix were 98.2%-132.4% and 93.5%-110.6%, and the intraday and intraday precision were 1.2%-12.9% and 0.7%-2.9%. CUMYL-PEGACLONE was detected in the hair of 15 drug-involved persons. Except for 1 person who was lower than LOQ, the concentration of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in the hair of other 14 persons was 0.035-0.563 ng/mg. The mass fraction of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in 2 e-cigarette oil were 0.17% and 0.21%, respectively. The established HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS methods are applied to the detection of HPLC-MS/MS in drug-related cases, which provides strong evidence support for the handling authority to quickly investigate these cases, and also provides a reference for the identification of such substances in future.

Metamaterial-Based Sensor Integrating Microwave Dielectric and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Techniques for Substance Evaluation

A novel era of “smart” sensors is emerging, in which they are being used in combination with artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve a better understanding of the world. Such sensors need to be ubiquitous. Accordingly, they should have miniaturized dimensions and low costs. However, there is a tradeoff between cost and accuracy of the sensors, which should be overcome with the use of new types of sensors and techniques. In this article, a metamaterial-based sensor that performs simultaneous microwave dielectric spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy measurements is presented. It uses a planar circular complementary split-ring resonator for dielectric measurement with an optical path, and NIR spectroscopy is performed in the same physical structure. A greater diversity of data can be achieved from the electromagnetic spectrum using the data from microwave dielectric spectroscopy and NIR spectroscopy; thus, it becomes possible to enhance the accuracy of substance identification with fewer samples. The proposed sensor was evaluated for the identification of olive oil adulteration and achieved an accuracy of 100% using only 14 training samples. To achieve this same accuracy, other techniques used for the detection of adulteration in olive oil need more than 50 training samples. Therefore, the proposed sensor needs 72% fewer samples for training classifier algorithms used in olive oil adulteration identification. This implies the reduction of computing requirements and wall clock time. The proposed sensor opens new avenues to perform material characterization and identification using a combination of microwave dielectric and NIR spectroscopies in the same structure.

Molecular descriptors - a mathematical approach to characterize psychedelic substances

Molecular descriptors convert the chemical and structural information into mathematical language. They allow the description of physical and chemical properties in numerical format. An important role of this transformation is to provide an easier identification of related substances, based on the similarities between their molecular descriptors. This paper analyses different molecular descriptors determined for the main 2C-x and DOx psychedelic phenethylamines.

Deep Neural Networks for Fine-Grained Surveillance of Overdose Mortality.

Surveillance of drug overdose deaths relies on death certificates for identification of the substances that caused death. Drugs and drug classes can be identified through the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), codes present on death certificates. However, ICD-10 codes do not always provide high levels of specificity in drug identification. To achieve more fine-grained identification of substances on death certificate, the free-text cause-of-death section, completed by the medical certifier, must be analyzed. Current methods for analyzing free-text death certificates rely solely on lookup tables for identifying specific substances, which must be frequently updated and maintained. To improve identification of drugs on death certificates, a deep-learning named-entity recognition model was developed, utilizing data from the Kentucky Drug Overdose Fatality Surveillance System (2014-2019), which achieved an F1-score of 99.13%. This model can identify new drug misspellings and novel substances that are not present on current surveillance lookup tables, enhancing the surveillance of drug overdose deaths.

Innovative molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the nanomolar detection of Tenofovir as an anti-HIV drug

Tenofovir (TNF) is an antiviral medicine that is utilized to treat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, its level must be controlled in the human body and environment at the risk of causing kidney and liver problems. Therefore, determining TNF concentration in real samples with more advanced, inexpensive, and accurate sensing systems is essential. In this work, a novel electrochemical nanosensor for TNF determination based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) on the screen-printed electrode modified with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphite carbon nitride, and platinum nanoparticles (MIP-Pt@g-C3N4/F-MWCNT/SPE) was constructed through the electro-polymerization approach. The molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared on the electrode surface with TNF as the template molecule and 2-aminophenol (2-AP) as the functional monomer. Moreover, factors that affect sensor response were optimized. Pt@g-C3N4/F-MWCNT nanocomposite had an excellent synergistic effect on MIP, allowing rapid and specific identification of the test substance. The results demonstrated that the electro-polymerization of 2-AP supplies large amounts of functional groups for the binding of the template molecules, which remarkably enhances the sensitivity and specific surface area of the MIP sensor. This surface enlargement increased the analyte accessibility to imprinted molecular cavities. Under optimum conditions, the oxidation peak current had a linear relationship with TNF concentration ranging from 0.005 to 0.69 μM with a low detection limit of 0.0030 μM (S/N = 3). The results demonstrated that the designed MIP sensor possesses acceptable sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility toward TNF determination. Moreover, the developed sensor was applied to biological and water samples to determine TNF, and satisfactory recovery results of 95.6–104.8% were obtained (RSD less than 10.0%). We confirm that combining as-synthesized nanocomposite Pt@g-C3N4/F-MWCNT with MIP improves the limitations of MIP-based nanosensors. The proposed electrode is also compatible with portable potentiostats, allowing on-site measurements and showing tremendous promise as a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platform.

Transformation of Fresh Tomato Into Powder and its Conservation by the Artisanal Drying Method in the Province of Uige in Angola

Tomato is a plant belonging to the Solanaceae family, scientifically named Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Essential for the agricultural industry; the tomato is one of the most cultivated and consumed used agricultural products by most of the population of the province of Uige in Angola. It has excellent nutritional value, rich in vitamins, lycopene, and mineral salts, and can be eaten fresh or processed. The tomato is essential not only for its nutrients but also for its health benefits [9]. When making field observations, two aspects caught our attention: When large quantities of tomatoes are produced but not sold, we noticed that the rest of the merchandise gets rotted due to their water content. On the other hand, almost all markets and supermarkets in Uige sell fresh tomato and other tomato products (tomato paste, ketchup, etc.). However, there is a shortage of tomato powder in the market. Thus, this research aims to transform fresh tomato into powder, analyze the quality of the powder, conserve it to minimize post-harvest losses, and at the same time offer a different sensory product to the population of Uige. In order to achieve the objective of our research, we have built a small-scale greenhouse for drying fresh tomatoes. The tomato powder was taken to the chemical laboratory of Kimpa Vita University (Uige/Angola) for chemical analysis of the product stored for 75days. Organoleptic analyses, such as glycogen content (reducing sugars), titratable acidity, pH, and moisture content, were carried out. In addition, the identification of some phytochemical substances such as flavonoids, lycopene, anthocyanins, and reducing sugar. The samples analyzed within the 75 days of storage presented the following results: The colour remained light red from day 1 to day 48, and from December 9th to the end of the experiment, it changed to dark red. Odour and taste changed from very good to good. The texture remained powdery. During the identification of chemical substances, we found flavonoids, lycopene, and glycides in the tomato powder As for the physical-chemical parameters, the following averages were obtained respectively: pH: 4.02, acidity in citric acid:0.4%, moisture content: 36.6%, Glucose content:4.46%.

Assessment of potential hazards of the inadvertently present chemicals in food

During the 71st session of the Executive Committee of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, New Zealand proposed draft Guidelines for risk analysis of chemicals inadvertently present in food at low levels, noting that regulatory documents do not currently cover this group of substances. Methodological approaches to detecting and identifying chemical substances inadvertently present in foodstuffs were proposed In the Russian Federation. The developed methodological approaches include four stages: analytical identification of chemical substances; integrated assessment of chemical hazards employing additional selection criteria followed by the application of a score and summation of points; categorizing chemical substances with the assignment of potential hazard categories and final stage - health risk assessment for selected chemicals based on the integrated index. The presented methodological approaches were tested on the example of canned meat for infant nutrition consumed in the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Nnitrosamines were assessed as a priority potentially hazardous inadvertently present chemical substance in samples of canned meat for infant nutrition for health risk assessment using methodological approaches developed in the Russian Federation. Assessment of the health risk to infants when consuming canned meat for infant nutrition containing Nnitrosamines on the example of products sold in the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam revealed no excess hazard quotients (HQ < 1.0) in both territories. However, the calculation of carcinogenic risks has shown that when canned meat for infants sold in the Russian Federation from 6 months to 3 years of age is consumed, a carcinogenic risk may be formed in infants of the corresponding group. This difference between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Russian Federation is due not only to the difference in the content of N-nitrosamines in the examined product but also to the greater volume of canned meat consumption in Russia.

Therapeutic and Clinical Nursing Values of Momordica charantia Extracts Combined with Hedyotis diffusa on Lung Cancer

The separation and identification of bioactive substances that come from natural resources have aroused increasing attention. Momordica charantia (M. charantia) has a variety of bio-activities, containing anti-oxidation, immune regulation, anti-tumor, radiation protection, anti-diabetes, and liver protection. After the extraction new substances from Momordica charantia, their treatment effect on lung cancer combined with Hedyotis diffusa was determined and the related mechanism was explored as well in this study. Firstly, the CCK-8 assay was conducted and the inhibition of the new substances combined with Hedyotis diffusa. Next, the real time RT-PCR was conducted and the relative expression of the VEGF in the cancer cells was determined. In addition, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of M. charantia is followed by the phylogenetic analysis.

Dispersion Analysis of Diffuse Scattering Spectra Obtained by a Quantum-Cascade Laser as a Means of Substance Identification

Dispersion Analysis of Diffuse Scattering Spectra Obtained by a Quantum-Cascade Laser as a Means of Substance Identification

High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography a densitometric detection of multi‐class bioactive compounds from three species of marine algae Padina and identification of antioxidant substance with mass spectrometry

AbstractPadina is rolled‐blade‐shaped marine brown algae that often have overgrown and has been well explored for its medicinal qualities. The various species of Padina release a wide range of promising chemical components as part of their chemical defense systems. In this context, a finding was conducted to explore the bioactive compounds using exceptionally sophisticated analytical techniques, such as high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography. Microchemical and biochemical derivatization was used in the investigation to confirm multi‐class bioactive molecules and the antioxidant activity of the separated band. Microchemical derivatization ascertained the appearance of miscellaneous lipophilic substances, essential oils, volatile compounds, coumarin, and bitter principles. To determine the chemical standard of these algae, the qualitative (microchemical) screening of phytochemicals associated with flexible high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography was utilized. Moreover, biochemical derivatization, which generates a spectacular white band with a purple background to appear on the chromatogram, substantiates the antioxidant activity of a particular band. These results proffer a chromatographic profile of the antioxidant capability of three species of Padina's bioactive components, which will create the necessary information for the standardization and identification of marine algae. Mass spectrometry results revealed the presence of phytol compound from the diterpenoid class, which has antioxidant potential.

Identification of three novel new psychoactive substances 4F-AB-BUTINACA, AB-PHETINACA, and 2F-NENDCK.

The identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is an active and cutting-edge topic in forensic science. With the emergence of a large number of NPS, their timely identification to prevent spread can pose a challenge to clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories. Three emerging NPS had been identified in recently seized materials, including two synthetic cannabinoids [N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobutyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (4F-AB-BUTINACA) and N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-phenethyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-PHETINACA)] and a ketamine-like substance [2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(ethylamino) cyclohexan-1-one(2F-NENDCK)]. The three compounds were first identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These data may assist forensic analysts in analyzing the same substances or their homologous compounds.

Real-time determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by ion molecule reaction – mass spectrometry (IMR-MS)

Comprehensive analytical validation studies of a developed ion molecule reaction – mass spectrometer (IMR-MS) were undertaken for the real-time determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. The instrument was developed with a focus on promoting chemical ionization (CI) in the reaction chamber by direct sample loading and enhancing maintenance efficiency and reliability of the results. Instrument stability was assessed through a system check and pre-performance check process, and consequently, the instrumental and analytical conditions including the plasma generation, pressure, temperature, and flow rate were successfully optimized. Relevant performance characteristics, such as mass resolution, mass detection range, accuracy, and precision were also investigated by VOC standards composed of benzene, toluene, perfluorotoluene, propylbenzene, and octane. To evaluate whether the performance of the technology is comparable to already accepted techniques, the quantitative results of the IMR-MS were compared with those of a commercial mass spectrometer. This evaluation was successful and suggests the applicability of the technology for spillage accidents of hazardous chemicals and identification of odor-causing substances as well as for real-time gas analysis.

Characterisation and analysis of key studies used to restrict substances under REACH

BackgroundUnderstanding how scientific studies are used in regulatory risk assessments is important since it influences the outcome of an assessment, and thus the level of protection of human health and the environment. Within the REACH legislation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals, EC Nr. 1907/2006) hazard information on clearly defined (eco-)toxicological endpoints are submitted for the registration of substances, and this information is intended for concluding on potential hazards and risk as well as subsequent risk management measures such as restrictions. The present study aimed to (1) characterise key studies used by the European Chemicals Agency’s Committee for Risk Assessment to restrict hazardous substances; (2) analyse if the REACH registration database provided the key studies used in these restrictions, and (3) investigate potential expert disagreements related to the use of non-standard studies in the restrictions.ResultsOur analysis showed that 58% of the 53 scrutinised key studies were non-standard studies, all available by paying a fee or through open access. Sixteen (30%) of the key studies were consulted from external sources outside the REACH registration database by the Committee for Risk Assessment. Only one study of the 16 external key studies was a standard study. Further, 9% (5/53) of the key studies used by the Committee for Risk Assessment were inaccessible to third parties, all were standard studies. The uses of non-standard studies were (unsuccessfully) challenged for five substances during the public consultation.ConclusionsThese results suggest that non-standard studies contributed to the identification and management of substances of concern, that the REACH registration database may not be sufficient for the identification and management of uncontrolled hazards and risks, and that the transparency of the decisions made by the Committee for Risk Assessment was partially hampered due to the use of standard studies inaccessible to third parties.

Retrospective identification of new psychoactive substances in patient samples submitted for clinical drug analysis.

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are life threatening through unpredictable toxicity and limited analytical options for clinicians. We present the retrospective identification of NPS in raw data from a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)-based multidrug panel analysis on 14 367 clinical oral fluid samples requested during 2019 mainly by psychiatric and addiction care clinics. Retrospectively analysed NPS included 48 notified originally in 2019 by the European Union Early Warning System (EU EWS) and 28 frequently reported in Sweden. Of 88 included NPS, 34 (mitragynine, flualprazolam, 3F/4F-α-P(i)HP, etizolam, 4F-MDMB-BINACA, cyproheptadine, 5F-MDMB-PICA, isotonitazene, isohexedrone, MDPEP, N-ethylpentedrone, tianeptine, flubromazolam, 4'-methylhexedrone, α-P(i)HP, eutylone, mephedrone, N-ethylhexedrone, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, ADB-BUTINACA, 3-methoxy PCP, 4F-furanylfentanyl, 4F-isobuturylfentanyl, acrylfentanyl, furanylfentanyl, clonazolam, norfludiazepam, 3F-phenmetrazine, 3-MMC, 4-methylpentedrone, BMDP, ethylphenidate, methylone and α-PVP) were identified as 219 findings in 84 patients. Eight NPS notified in 2019 were identified, five before EWS release. NPS occurred in 1.20% of all samples and 1.53% of samples containing traditional drugs, and in 1.87% of all patients and 2.88% of patients using traditional drugs. NPS use was more common in men and polydrug users. Legal (not scheduled) NPS were more used than comparable illegal ones. Retrospective identification could be useful when prioritizing NPS for clinical routine analysis and when studying NPS epidemiology.

A novel strategy for active compound efficacy status identification in multi-tropism Chinese herbal medicine (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) based on multi-indexes spectrum-effect gray correlation analysis

Ethnopharmacological relevanceBioactive substance identification is always the focal point and the main challenge in Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). Most CHM present multiple efficacies and multiple tropisms, which has improved the application accuracy of CHM, and is worthy of further study. In this article, the concept of “multi-tropism efficacy of CHM” has been proposed for the first time. In addition, it is hypothesized that the different components in CHM can be classified based on their efficacy status. Aim of the studyThe spectrum-effect relationship between the fingerprint and efficacy was established to identify the efficacy status of components. This provided a practical, efficient and accurate way to identify the bioactive substances from a complex CHM system. Materials and methodsThe network pharmacology approach was applied to preliminarily analyze the potential antibacterial compounds and mechanisms of HQ. Furthermore, its chemical fingerprint was established and the characteristic peaks were identified by LC-MS/MS. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of HQ were determined to evaluate its pharmacological effect of heat-clearing and detoxification, and its anticoagulation activity was determined to evaluate its heat-clearing and tocolysis effects. The spectrum-effect relationships were assessed by gray correlation analysis to discriminate the status of active components in HQ with different efficacies. ResultsNetwork pharmacology analysis revealed apigenin, wogonin, baicalein, acacetin, β-sitosterol, baicalin, eugenol, moslosooflavone, palmitic acid, oroxylin-A 7-O-glucuronide, and scutevulin as the potential active compounds responsible for the efficacy of HQ against both E. coli and S. aureus. The spectrum-effect relationship was utilized to reveal the orientation activities, with the results as follows: 1) The main basic-efficacy components in HQ with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant effects were P5, P8, P9, P15, P18, P19, P20; while the general basic-efficacy components were P2, P3, P6, P7, P11, P14, P21, P22, P28. 2) The main efficacy-oriented components in HQ with antibacterial effects on E. coli were P1, P12, P17, while the general efficacy-oriented compound was P10, P24, P25, P26, P27; the main efficacy-oriented in HQ with antibacterial effects on S. aureus were P14 and the general efficacy-oriented components were P1, P12, P26, P29, P30, respectively. 3) The main efficacy-oriented components with anti-inflammatory activity were P14, P24, P25, P27, and P30, while the general efficacy-oriented components were P13, P23, P26. 4) The main efficacy-oriented compounds in HQ with effects on anticoagulation were P6 and P22; these acted by prolonging APTT through the intrinsic coagulation pathway and PT through the extrinsic coagulation pathway, respectively. 5) The pharmacodynamic status classification of Scutellaria baicalensis ingredients were confirmed by nine reference compounds exemplarily. ConclusionThis work established a novel strategy for active compound efficacy status identification in multi-tropism Chinese herbal medicine (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) based on multi-indexes spectrum-effect gray correlation analysis, the method is scientific feasible and can be applied to the effective substances identification and quality control of other CHM.

Isolation and identification of sweet substances and sweet aftertaste substances in the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica

Isolation and identification of sweet substances and sweet aftertaste substances in the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica

S-22-02 The screening and identification of substances with endocrine activity following an IATA workflow model

S-22-02 The screening and identification of substances with endocrine activity following an IATA workflow model