Identification Of Soil Properties Research Articles

Kajian Permeabilitas Dan Kadar Air Tanah Pada Tiga Tipe Penggunaan Lahan Di Gambesi Kota Ternate

Village in Ternate City has the potential to be developed as an agricultural area because the soil type is Inceptisol which is suitable for agriculture. The ability of the soil to pass water, or what is commonly called soil permeability, is one of the important components for agricultural land management. Soil structure and texture as well as other organic elements play a role in increasing the rate of soil permeability. This study aims to understand soil permeability and soil water content in Gambesi. Samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm (Layer I) and 20-40 cm (Layer II) on three types of land use: residential areas, mixed dry land, and clove and nutmeg plantations. Soil sampling technique used purposive random sampling method. Identification of soil properties in the field is carried out using drill identification techniques, sample rings and profiling. Parameters observed were permeability, percent soil moisture content, specific gravity, particle density and soil texture. The results showed that the soil in each layer and type of land use had a variable permeability rate of 0.63-1.91 cm/hour, with a soil moisture content of 21.6-30.43%, a density of 1.01-1.91 cm. 1.23 gram/cm3, particle density of 2.0-2.27 gram/cm3, and porosity of 39.40-55.41%. The soil texture is sandy loam and sandy clay loam. The rate of soil permeability based on land use type has a rather slow permeability class, while the soil water content is at a permanent wilting point condition.Keywords: Bulk density, particle density, porosity, soil permeability, and soil water content

Identification of Soil Properties and Their Effects on Crop Production under the Influence of Tillage and Residue Treatment in Western Canada

Soil provides crucial nutrients and water for the growth of canola, which is one of the most essential economic crops for prairie province in Canada. Therefore, effective and efficient methods are required to modify soil properties to improve crop development. This study systematically analyzed the combined effects of tillage operation and crop residue management on soil features. Thus, the relationship between soil properties and crop yield was also evaluated. More specifically, Aftermarket chopper treatment could cause rela tively higher soil moisture and temperature, while the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) treatment could also result in dramatically higher soil organic matter (SOM) loss than Aftermarket treatment. The significantly more soil water and slightly higher soil temperature created by Aftermarket treatment was beneficial for crop yield. Although OEM treatment could cause more SOM loss, the final crop yield through this method was still lower than that using Aftermarket treatment, implying that the influence of SOM loss on crop growth remained contestable. Meanwhile, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the peaks of amides and carboxylic acids was declined during the growth of canola, which indicated that these organic contents played an essential role in the crop development. Finally, the Aftermarket * Harrow treatment was more suitable for canola cultivation, with largest amount of crop harvest and short loss of soil organic contents in the meantime.

Identification of Soil Properties Influencing Some Soil Physical Quality Indicators Using Hybrid PSO-ICA-SVR Algorithm in Some Agricultural Land Uses of Kerman Province, Iran

ABSTRACTThis research was conducted in order to determine the importance of the effect of some soil properties on some soil physical quality indicators (SPQIs) in southeast Iran. To this end, 169 points from different locations in Kerman province were selected which had different agricultural land uses, and disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken from a depth of 0–20 cm. Soil properties such as soil pH, soil texture, field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), soil bulk density (BD), electrical conductivity (ECe), calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), and soil organic matter (SOM), and soil physical quality indicators (SPQIs) such as field capacity (FC), mean weight diameter (MWD), air capacity (AC), and relative field capacity (RFC) were determined. Subsequently, soil properties affecting SPQIs were ascertained using Particle Swarm Optimization-Imperialist Competitive Algorithm-Support Vector Regression (PSO-ICA-SVR) hybrid algorithm, and after the sensitivity analysis, the importance of each selected property in terms of its impact on SPQIs was recognized. The results indicated OM, BD, clay content, and CaCO3 in general, affect soil physical quality and this selection was carefully made by the hybrid algorithm. Furthermore, after modeling using the features selected by the SVR method and performing the sensitivity analysis, clay content and BD, among the selected properties, had the most significant effects on SPQIs. The highest value of the coefficient of determination was associated with MWD index (R2 = 83.33) and the lowest error was related to AC and RFC indicators (RMSE = 0.031).

Identification of Soil Properties and Organophosphate Residues From Agricultural Land in Wanasari Sub-District, Brebes, Indonesia

Organophosphates have been used to eradicate pests and prevent losses from harvest failures caused by pest attack. It is undeniable that the organophosphate persist in soil. This study aims to identify the organophosphate residue and soil properties include pH, soil texture, and permeability. The soil samples were taken from cropland in 10 villages, Wanasari sub-district, Brebes, Indonesia. Organophosphate residue determined by gas chromatography using Flame Photometric Detector. Soil texture was determined by soil texture triangle from NRCS USDA, and the permeability value was determined by falling head method. The mean value of chlorpyrifos, profenofos, diazinon were 0.0078; 0.0388; 0.2271 mg/l respectively. The soil texture varies from clay, silt clay, loam, silt loam, and silt clay loam with permeability value at 10-7 with the soil pH value between 6.4 – 8.1. The results showed that organophosphate residues found in the soil and its potential affect the soil fertility decline. We recommend to conduct routine soil quality analysis to prevent soil damage in the agricultural environment.

A Semi-Analytical Approach to Predict Ground Vibration by Identification of Soil Properties and Train-Transit Loads

Train-induced ground vibration problems have become an important subject, as the number of the high speed railroad construction projects rapidly increases worldwide. Various numerical approaches have been proposed and used for the prediction of the train-induced ground vibration. However, the estimation performance has not been satisfactory due to the difficulty in modeling the train-transit loads on railroad structures and the structure-soil interaction system, which are essential for the accurate prediction of ground vibration. In this study, a new semi-analytical method was proposed for the prediction of ground vibration and the evaluation of environmental vibration levels with simple measurements of the ground vibration on the surface. The proposed method does not need any analytical model for inputting the train load. Instead, it identifies the effective train loads acting on the railroad track structure based on the measured ground responses at several locations and the numerical model of the structure-soil interaction system through the identification of the properties of the soil layers. Then, the effective train load is utilized as an input to the structure-soil interaction problem to predict the ground vibrations and the environmental vibration levels of the structures. A finite and infinite element model was utilized to solve the wave propagation problem in the soil medium in the frequency domain. Field validations were carried out at a site where Korea high-speed trains run over an elevated bridge structure. The predicted ground accelerations were found to be in good agreement with the measured data.

Maximize the Benefits of Water Sensitive Urban Designsin a Local Government Area - Western Australia

Until recently, stormwater management strategies have failed to adequately consider the criticality of spatially varying soil permeability values and their implications on drainage designs. This case study was carried out in new development areas, focusing on identification of soil properties and development of a typology of suitable stormwater management strategies with respect to applicable infiltration capacities. The Guelph Permeameter was used to investigate the in-situ saturated hydraulic conductivities. Test results were categorized into four main permeability groups, very rapid (> 1.56 m/day), rapid (0.48<1.56 m/day), moderate (0.12<0.48 m/day) and slow (<0.12 m/day), based on the theoretical requirements of stormwater management techniques. Finally, with the help of the existing soil maps, the point represent hydraulic conductivity data were been generalized logically in order to develop the hydraulic conductivity maps representing the areal average as an electronic shape files by using a GIS Arc view mapping software. The future development areas under Central Maddington, Kenwick, Central and Outer Beckenham have been identified as low permeable areas which is not suitable for infiltration based stormwater management strategies whereas the Landford, Thornlie, North Huntingdale and Gosnells has been identified as high permeable areas which is highly recommended for infiltration based stormwater management strategies.

Experimental-theoretical study of the penetration of rigid projectiles and identification of soil properties

The parameters of the Grigoryan soil model are determined using an experimental-computational method previously proposed and the results of reversed experiments on penetration of projectiles with flat and hemispherical heads at impact velocities of 50–450 m/sec in sandy soil. It is shown that the quasistationary dependences of the resistance force on impact velocity obtained in the reversed experiment can be used to solve problems of deep penetration of projectile in soil with an error not exceeding the measurement error.

Sensitivity analysis on measurement noise in the identification of soil properties from vertical array observation data

This study clarified the effects of measurement noise on identification of soil properties from vertical array observation of seismic waves. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the unknown parameter with respect to error caused by noise, the amplitude of a transfer function was used to formulate the evaluation function in the frequency domain. Also the logarithmic amplitude was used to formulate the evaluation function and compare the sensitivity between the two types of amplitude expressions. A numerical experiment, based on a simple-structured ground model, showed that these evaluation functions produced satisfactory results which were in good agreement with identified results obtained by the measurement data contaminated by artificially generated errors. The present theory, when applied to actual earthquake records, proved useful in evaluating the influence of the non-linearity of soil characteristics.

Sensitivity analysis on measurement noise in the identification of soil properties from vertical array observation data

This study clarified the effects of measurement noise on identification of soil properties from vertical array observation of seismic waves. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the unknown parameter with respect to error caused by noise, the amplitude of a transfer function was used to formulate the evaluation function in the frequency domain. Also the logarithmic amplitude was used to formulate the evaluation function and compare the sensitivity between the two types of amplitude expressions. A numerical experiment, based on a simple-structured ground model, showed that these evaluation functions produced satisfactory results which were in good agreement with identified results obtained by the measurement data contaminated by artificially generated errors. The present theory, when applied to actual earthquake records, proved useful in evaluating the influence of the non-linearity of soil characteristics. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Identification of soil properties from foundation impedance functions : Luco, J E; Wong, H L J Geotech Engng Div ASCEV118, N5, May 1992, P780–795

Identification of soil properties from foundation impedance functions : Luco, J E; Wong, H L J Geotech Engng Div ASCEV118, N5, May 1992, P780–795

Identification of Soil Properties from Foundation Impedance Functions

The possibility of using experimentally determined foundation impedance functions (dynamic stiffness) to infer the dynamic properties of the underlying soil deposit is explored. The foundation is modeled as a rigid block resting on a layered viscoelastic half‐space consisting of several parallel layers overlying a half‐space. The shear‐wave velocities and material damping ratios in the layers are determined by minimizing the difference between the experimental impedance functions obtained from forced vibration tests of the foundation and theoretical impedance funtions obtained by an integral equation technqiue. The effects that the number and range of the selected frequencies used in the analysis have on the accuracy of the identification process are studied in detail. The effects of using an incomplete set of impedance functions as well as those resulting from random errors in the data are also investigated. Finally, the use of a variability penalty to minimize the variation of inferred properties from layer to layer is considered.

Cone Index of Loamy Sands as Influenced by Pore Size Distribution and Effective Stress

AbstractTillage pans form in coarse textured soil horizons of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and develop high cone index values (soil strengths) which slow root growth and may decrease crop yields. Identification of soil properties that influence cone index may improve field identification of tillage pans and lead to the development of techniques to reduce their detrimental effects. This study examined the influence of pore size distribution, and effective stress on the cone index of loamy sand and loamy fine sand soil materials. Effective stress values were calculated from soil water characteristic curves and compared to cone index values for both natural cores and remolded materials. The remodeled samples of a loamy sand and a loamy fine sand developed different cone index values for relative saturations between 1.00 and 0.10, and these cone index differences were partially related to pore size distribution differences between materials. Pore size distribution influenced cone index by controlling effective stress. In both remolded samples and undisturbed cores of loamy sand, effective stress values ranged from 0 to 33 kPa for soil water potentials between 0.0 and −1500 kPa, respectively. For relative saturation values between 1.00 and 0.10, changes in effective stress closely conformed to changes in cone index for nondispersed soil materials. At a given effective stress, cone index was influenced by bulk density and soil particle characteristics that influence interparticle friction.