Identification Of Relevant Studies Research Articles

Highlighting the South Asian Heart Failure Epidemic

Heart failure (HF) remains a progressive syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, and accounts for many hospitalisations globally with a downstream impact of increasing healthcare costs. South Asian individuals account for most of the global burden of non-communicable diseases. In this systematic review, a literature search was performed for all studies focusing on South Asians and HF using PubMed as the primary research tool and citations were included from relevant MEDLINE-indexed journals. Upon identification of relevant studies, pertinent data points were extracted systematically from each eligible study. South Asians have an earlier age of onset of many non-communicable diseases compared to other ethnic groups worldwide, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the large number of South Asians impacted by CVD and both traditional and non-traditional risk factors for CVD, HF has the potential to become an epidemic among South Asians across the world. Individuals of South Asian origin are at elevated risk for CVD compared to many other populations and should be followed closely for the potential development of HF. This review describes what is unique to South Asian individuals at risk for and with established HF, as well as management and prognostic considerations. Future directions and potential policy changes are highlighted that can reduce the HF burden among South Asians globally.

Assessing the Efficacy of ChatGPT Versus Human Researchers in Identifying Relevant Studies on mHealth Interventions for Improving Medication Adherence in Patients With Ischemic Stroke When Conducting Systematic Reviews: Comparative Analysis.

ChatGPT by OpenAI emerged as a potential tool for researchers, aiding in various aspects of research. One such application was the identification of relevant studies in systematic reviews. However, a comprehensive comparison of the efficacy of relevant study identification between human researchers and ChatGPT has not been conducted. This study aims to compare the efficacy of ChatGPT and human researchers in identifying relevant studies on medication adherence improvement using mobile health interventions in patients with ischemic stroke during systematic reviews. This study used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Four electronic databases, including CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Web of Science, PubMed, and MEDLINE, were searched to identify articles published from inception until 2023 using search terms based on MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms generated by human researchers versus ChatGPT. The authors independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full text of the studies identified through separate searches conducted by human researchers and ChatGPT. The comparison encompassed several aspects, including the ability to retrieve relevant studies, accuracy, efficiency, limitations, and challenges associated with each method. A total of 6 articles identified through search terms generated by human researchers were included in the final analysis, of which 4 (67%) reported improvements in medication adherence after the intervention. However, 33% (2/6) of the included studies did not clearly state whether medication adherence improved after the intervention. A total of 10 studies were included based on search terms generated by ChatGPT, of which 6 (60%) overlapped with studies identified by human researchers. Regarding the impact of mobile health interventions on medication adherence, most included studies (8/10, 80%) based on search terms generated by ChatGPT reported improvements in medication adherence after the intervention. However, 20% (2/10) of the studies did not clearly state whether medication adherence improved after the intervention. The precision in accurately identifying relevant studies was higher in human researchers (0.86) than in ChatGPT (0.77). This is consistent with the percentage of relevance, where human researchers (9.8%) demonstrated a higher percentage of relevance than ChatGPT (3%). However, when considering the time required for both humans and ChatGPT to identify relevant studies, ChatGPT substantially outperformed human researchers as it took less time to identify relevant studies. Our comparative analysis highlighted the strengths and limitations of both approaches. Ultimately, the choice between human researchers and ChatGPT depends on the specific requirements and objectives of each review, but the collaborative synergy of both approaches holds the potential to advance evidence-based research and decision-making in the health care field.

Collaborative working between speech and language therapists and teaching staff in mainstream UK primary schools: A scoping review

Support for school-age children with speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) usually takes place within the school setting. Successful outcomes for children with SLCN rely on effective collaborative working between speech and language therapists (SLTs), school staff and families. We need to understand the current evidence regarding the joint working practices, relationships and collaboration experiences of SLT and teaching staff within mainstream primary schools, in order to identify whether sufficient research exists for a systematic review within this field, and to inform practice. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify what research currently exists regarding collaboration, roles and relationships of SLTs and teaching staff within mainstream UK primary schools, and clarify the nature, participants and concepts described within this literature. A scoping review framework was used, consisting of identification of the review objectives, identification of relevant studies, study selection and iterative searches, data charting and reporting of the results. Information regarding research question, participants, data collection and analysis and terms used for key concepts was extracted. This scoping review identified 14 papers, however, collaboration was the primary focus of only 5 of these. Clarity and perceptions of roles were key themes within six of the papers. Whilst facilitators and barriers to collaboration are discussed in all 14 papers, only 4 studies aimed to investigate barriers and facilitators. Teaching assistant (TA) views are underrepresented within the research. Drawing conclusions from the body of research is challenging due to the varied ways in which the key concept ‘collaboration’ is used. Currently, there is insufficient literature to carry out a systematic review. This scoping review highlights the need for research that considers collaboration within the complex social network of school staff (including TAs) and SLTs, in order to ensure that future guidance is rooted in research.

Nurturing care practices for children with developmental disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review protocol.

The majority of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). NDDs are a public health concern in countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Nurturing care has been recommended as a pathway for addressing the developmental needs and unlocking the full potential of children, including those with NDDs. However, little information exists on the strategies to support children with NDDs using the Nurturing Care Framework in many countries in SSA. This review aims to synthesize information on nurturing care practices for children with NDDs in SSA. The review will also determine gaps in the provision of nurturing care for children with NDDs. Further, the review will highlight the drivers of care as well as the experiences of the caregivers. The review will be implemented in six steps: specification of the research question, identification of relevant studies, selection of studies to be included, extracting, mapping, and charting the data, collating, summarizing, and reporting the results, and stakeholder consultation. We propose a database search followed by a manual search for the literature synthesis. We will search the following electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Open Grey and African Journals Online (AJOL). All studies published after May 2018 to May 2023 that include relevant terms will be identified and included. The research team will develop a data extraction form for use in capturing relevant information from each of the included studies. A patterning chart that will summarize and analyze the key findings of each article will be created. We anticipate that the study will provide evidence on the existing nurturing care practices and unearth gaps in the provision of nurturing care for children with NDDs. Key determinants of care and the experiences of the parents/caregivers of children will also be identified. The study will provide key recommendations on interventions to improve the quality of care for children with NDDs. Through this study, awareness of the unmet nurturing care needs of these children will be increased. The evidence generated may assist policymakers and stakeholders in addressing the needs of children with NDDs.

Systematic review and meta-analysis

A systematic review is a high-level overview of a particular research question that systematically identifies, selects, evaluates, and synthesizes all high-quality research evidence relevant to that question in order to answer it. It involves the synthesis of the results of multiple primary studies related to each other by using strategies that reduce biases and random errors. A well conducted systematic review provides high quality evidence for a clinical practice and is regarded as the gold standard evidence to inform clinical practice. The process of conduct of a systematic review requires the formulation of a precise research question that should clearly identify the participants of interest, the intervention, the comparator group, and the outcome. This is then followed by the identification of relevant studies. It is important to use all available MeSH terms related to the research question. Common databases to search for studies include MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, LILAC, OVID. While selecting studies, it is important to have a flow diagram describing the screening and selection process. Sample flowcharts and guidance of the screening process are available on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) website. While extracting the data, to reduce the risk of bias, two investigators are preferred, working independently to reduce the risk of bias. The analysis could be quantitative or qualitative depending on the type of data obtained and homogeneity of the studies included in the systematic review. It is not uncommon for a systematic review to result in a narrative review of current literature due to paucity of data required to conduct a quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis was first defined by Gene Glass in 1976 as a statistical analysis of a large collection of analysis results from individual studies, for the purpose of integrating the findings. Meta-analyses could be cumulative, retrospective, or prospective. Most meta-analysis in literature are cumulative but prospective meta-analyses are associated with the least bias. The results of a meta-analysis are presented in forest plot graphically. A forest plot would display the effect size estimates and confidence intervals for every study included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis should also have an assessment for the heterogeneity of the included studies. Commonly heterogeneity is assessed using statistical tests. The x2 and I2 tests are commonly used. A x2 test is a P-value of > 0.05 or I2 of greater than 75% indicates significant heterogeneity. A meta-analysis can be carried out using a fixed or random effect model. Where there is no heterogeneity, a fixed effect model is used otherwise a random effect model is employed. An assessment of publication bias is also required to check that the results are not influenced by positive, significant, or small studies. This is displayed graphically in a funnel plot and is recommended where more than 10 studies have been included in the meta-analysis. The publication of the results of the meta-analysis should follow the PRISMA guidelines. The guidelines are available on the PRISMA website ( http://prisma-statement.org).

Impact of the Level of Adherence to the DASH Diet on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: the objective of our study was to systematically review the current literature and perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of the level of adherence to the DASH diet on blood pressure. Methods: The identification of relevant studies, data extraction and critical appraisal of the included studies were performed independently by two reviewers. A random-effects model was employed to synthesize the available evidence using the standardized mean difference (SMD) as the appropriate effect size. Results: A total of 37 and 29 articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. The pooled effect for systolic blood pressure was SMD = -0.18 (95%CI: -0.32 to -0.04; I2 = 94%; PI: -0.93 to 0.57) and for diastolic blood pressure it was SMD = -0.13 (95%CI: -0.19 to -0.06; I2 = 94%; PI: -0.42 to 0.17). Conclusions: Our findings showed that greater adherence to the DASH diet has a beneficial effect on blood pressure compared to the lowest adherence. Increased compliance with DASH diet recommendations might also have a positive effect on cardiometabolic factors and overall health status. Future studies should aim to standardize the tools of adherence to the DASH diet and utilize rigorous study designs to establish a clearer understanding of the potential benefits of the level of adherence to the DASH diet in blood pressure management.

Rehabilitation Approaches and Strategies in the Management of Adult Patients Following Pelvic Fractures: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Pelvic fractures can lead to disability and a poor health-related quality of life, thereby contributing to the burden of disease in South Africa. Rehabilitation plays an important role in improving the functional outcomes in patients with pelvic fractures. However, there is limited published research that presents optimal interventions and guidelines to improve outcomes in affected individuals. The purpose of this study is to examine and map the range of and gaps in rehabilitation approaches and strategies used by health care professionals globally in the management of adult patients with pelvic fractures. The synthesis of evidence will follow the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and supported by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The identification of research questions; the identification of relevant studies; the selection of eligible studies; charting data; collating, summarizing, and reporting of the results; and consultation with relevant stakeholders will be undertaken. Peer-reviewed articles written in English; from quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies; and searched through Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library will be considered. Studies eligible for selection will be full-text articles written in English about adult patients with pelvic fractures. Studies on children with pelvic fractures and on interventions following pathological pelvic fractures as well as opinion papers and commentaries will be excluded from the study. Rayyan software will be used for title and abstract screening to determine inclusion in the study and to improve collaboration between the reviewers. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (version 2018) will be used to appraise the quality of the studies. This protocol will guide a scoping review to examine and map the range of and gaps in rehabilitation approaches and strategies used by health care professionals globally in the management of adult patients with pelvic fractures, irrespective of level of care. Impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions in patients with pelvic fractures will be highlighted, which will give an indication of the rehabilitation needs of the affected individuals. Results of this review might provide evidence for health care professionals, policy makers, and scholars to aid rehabilitative care and further integration of patients into health care systems and community. The rehabilitation needs of patients with pelvic fractures will be drawn from this review and will be presented in a flow diagram. Rehabilitation approaches and strategies in the management of patients with pelvic fractures will be identified to guide health care professionals in the promotion of quality health care for these patients. OSF Registries osf.io/k6eg8; https://osf.io/k6eg8. PRR1-10.2196/38884.

Men's Experiences With Managing Type 2 Diabetes and Their Encounters With Health Professionals: A Scoping Review.

Type 2 diabetes is on the rise globally, and previous research has identified gender as one known risk factor for developing this disease. Gender has also been reported to affect patients' experiences of managing type 2 diabetes. However, little is known of men's specific experiences with type 2 diabetes, as research with a gendered focus has concentrated more on women's experiences with the disease. This scoping review explores how research has addressed men's experiences of managing type 2 diabetes and their encounters with health professionals. The review consists of an iterative process, involving six steps: identification of the research questions, identification of relevant studies, study selection, charting the data, collating and summarizing results, and consultation with external stakeholders. Through the process, 28 publications were identified, which indicate a gap in research on patients' experiences with type 2 diabetes. The majority of the identified studies focuses on men from an ethnic minority due to their poorer health outcomes. However, a knowledge gap regarding men belonging to an ethnic or racial majority warrants further attention, as studies indicate that men who share similar social economic status face similar barriers to improving the management of type 2 diabetes. There is little discussion of how the gendered dynamics in encounters between patients and health professionals affect the management of type 2 diabetes. This review suggests a need for further research that explores how practices of masculinities, that is, the normative practices guiding men's behavior, intersect with men's experiences with type 2 diabetes in a broader perspective.

Mother's Experiences Regarding Early Breastfeeding Initiation (Imd): Scoping Review

The Early Breastfeeding Initiation Program (IMD) was promoted as an effort to encourage the provision of colostrum to newborns, while preventing high infant and neonatal mortality. After the baby is born, immediately do skin-to-skin contact. This review is intended to find out the experience of mothers doing Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD) based on existing articles. This scoping review method uses the Arkey H & O'Malley framework in 2005. The five stages of the review process are (a) identification of review questions, (b) identification of relevant studies, (c) study selection, (d) data mapping (data charting), (e) compiling, summarizing, and reporting results. From the articles reviewed, 7 articles received grade A with a quantitative design of one article and a qualitative design of six articles. Based on the results of the scoping review that has been carried out, it was found that the mother's experience of IMD is influenced by husband's support, family support, and support from health workers. Factors that influence the implementation of IMD include mother's knowledge, mother's attitude, parity, and education. Barriers to the implementation of the IMD were delivery by cesarean section and non-adherence in the ANC examination. The reasons mothers do not want IMD are breast milk does not come out, feel tired, the baby is immediately separated from the mother, and pre-lacta feeding. Conclusion: ANC non-compliance is one of the obstacles in the implementation of IMD

Capital Account Liberalisation and Crises: A Meta-Analysis

The present study is a critical survey of the literature on the impact of capital account liberalisation on both banking and currency crises. The objective of the study is to identify the publication bias and explore heterogeneity in the extant studies. For measuring the effect size of capital account liberalisation on banking and currency crises, an identification of relevant studies is done. Partial correlation coefficient is used for measuring standardised effect size. Funnel asymmetry test (FAT) and precision effect test (PET–PEE) are used for identifying publication selection bias. Meta-regression analysis (MRA) is done for exploring the heterogeneity in literature. I did meta-analysis on 121 t stats reported in 14 empirical papers. The results of the FAT–PET–PEE test indicate that publication bias does not exist in the literature. The study explains the heterogeneity of results reported in earlier studies. De facto measure, size of economy, inflation, real interest rate differential, real effective exchange rate overvaluation, current account balance to GDP and reserve money to GDP are the major impacting variables of both banking and currency crises. The probit approach is seen to be more appropriate in capturing the above relationship. JEL Codes: C1, F6, G01

Reaching consensus: a scoping review on erectile disorder guidelines

Erectile disorder (ED) is the continuous or repeated inability to achieve an erection or maintain its firmness for an adequate amount of time during sexual intercourse. Given the importance of utilizing quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the diagnosis of ED, the research team conducted a scoping review of erectile disorder CPGs to address the questions based on the clinical guideline of the best quality. This scoping review was conducted in five steps: 1 - identification of the research question, 2 - identification of relevant studies, 3 - selection of studies, 4 - data extraction, 5 - summarizing and reporting the results. The initial search yielded 1,888 articles, CPGs and books but after primary and secondary screening by two appraisers, 9 CPGs were extracted. After that, the two appraisers examined the quality of these guidelines using the AGREE II tool. Eventually, 5 CPGs extracted. After reviewing 5 guidelines, 5 questions were answered. Overall, the CPGs had desirable overlap in response to the marked questions; nevertheless, there were some differences in details too. This review shows that the first and foremost principle in examining the affected individuals is taking a complete detailed history, followed by a physical examination and use of relevant questionnaires to complete the information necessary to diagnose the problem. The next step is to perform routine lab tests; hormonal profiles may also be checked, and if necessary, special tests should be performed based on an individual's conditions.

MOTHER'S EXPERIENCE IN GIVING EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING: A SCOPING REVIEW

Exclusive Breastfeeding is to offer only breast milk without additional food until the baby is 6 months old, except for medicine and vitamins. Breast milk is still given until the age of 2 years. Target of the Ministry of Health's Strategic Plan in offering Exclusive Breastfeeding which has not yet reached the target in 2015-2019. Various impacts that will arise because breast milk is not given, for example diarrhea and ARI. The purpose of this article is to conduct an evidence-based review related to the experience of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. This scoping review method uses the Arksey & O'Malley framework which consists of 5 stages, namely identification of review questions, identification of relevant studies, study selection, data mapping (data charting), and compiling, summarizing, and reporting results. Search articles through Ebsco, Pubmed, and Wiley Online Library databases. Selection of articles with Prism Flow Chart which is used to describe the flow of article search, perform Critical Appraisal to assess the quality of articles. The results based on the 8 articles obtained, obtained 7 articles with Grade A and 1 article with grade B. Furthermore, 2 themes were obtained, namely factors that affect the success of exclusive breastfeeding and obstacles that affect exclusive breastfeeding. The conclusion of the 8 articles, only 1 article was found that discussed the condition of the mother and the support of health workers in the factors that influence the success of exclusive breastfeeding. And only 1 article was found that discussed the condition of mothers in the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding.

Implementing Interventions to Improve Health Communication Equity for First Nations People: Guidance from a Rapid Realist Review

ABSTRACT Effective communication is critical for engagement between clients and health professionals, transfer of health information and health decision-making. Internationally, there is recognition that if health communication interventions were successfully implemented, then health communication equity would improve. This rapid realist review was undertaken with the aim of providing guidance on the circumstances in which communication interventions were likely to work in regional health service settings accessed by First Nations people from remote and very remote geographic areas of Australia. The realist review involved a process of searching literature on key terms and the identification of relevant studies and policies by a content expert group, including non-Indigenous and First Nations health researchers. Evidence was extracted to inform and synthesize into guiding principles, using a realist perspective. This review identified studies that provided evidence from 37 Australian and international settings where the dominant language and culture of the health sector differs from that of the majority of service users. A number of guiding principles were synthesized: 1) to build trust and respect by inclusion of an individual patient’s cultural perspective; 2) to enhance concordant understanding of health information through two-way health literacies and learning; 3) to recognize the entanglement of health communication equity with regional socio-cultural and health determinants. This review generated realist informed guiding principles to suggest how and under what conditions health communication interventions can enable healthcare decision-making at an individual and service level.

Experiences and outcomes of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller women in pregnancy: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionGypsy, Roma and Traveller communities are subjected to a specific form of racism fuelled by deep-seated prejudice and stereotypes. These groups have historically been the victims of school segregation, forced...

Competitive Advantage of SMEs Through Innovation to Reach International Markets

This study aims to identify various characteristics related to competitive advantage in SMEs through innovation. This research is a scoping review using PRISMA. The stages in conducting a scoping review that must be carried out are the focus of the review, using the PEO framework (problem, exposure, and outcome), identification of relevant studies, process descriptions, and identification of literature with PRISMA flowcharts, data extraction, and mapping or scoping. The inclusion criteria used in selecting the scoping review study were publication of manuscripts in the last five years (2018-2022), nationally accredited and internationally indexed journals, original articles, and articles in Indonesian or English. The keywords used in the article search were "SME" OR "competitive advantage" OR "innovation" OR "culinary" AND "international market." SME product innovation must continue to be carried out in the face of current market competition to reach the international market, especially MSMEs engaged in traditional food or culinary. SMEs must innovate in products, namely innovation in shape, taste, color, and innovation in packaging. The role of using social media to introduce culinary products in the international market is an effective way to expand the market share of culinary SMEs in the international market.

Interventions on Reducing Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Human Health Care Context: A Scoping Review.

PurposeInevitability of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in daily lives of modern society is increasing interests in developing and implementing interventions to prevent or reduce harmful health effects of EDCs in various academic areas. This is a scoping review of intervention studies aimed at reducing exposure to EDCs in the text of human health care.MethodsScoping review methodology was used to explore the extent, range, and nature of current literature. A comprehensive systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PcycINFO, EMBASE, and RISS was performed for studies published to date. The authors followed Arksey and O’Malley’s stages; 1) identification of research questions; 2) identification of relevant studies using a total of six electronic databases; 3) study selection; 4) charting the data; and 5) collation, summarization and reporting of the data.ResultsA total of 2114 articles were retrieved, from which 13 articles were included in the final review. Among the 13 studies, 12 conducted interventions regarding dietary modification or replacement of household or personal goods. The duration of interventions ranged from at least three days to a maximum of six months, including six studies with a period of less than ten days. The participants were all healthy populations, eight of which were for adults, three for children or adolescents, and two for families. Outcome of the interventions were measured through concentration of EDCs in urine or/and house air. The effects of the interventions were inconsistent, with 11 studies showing significant changes of EDC concentration while no significant change was found in two studies.ConclusionThe results indicate a need for randomized controlled trials, participant-centered studies promoting active participation and practices of subjects, studies specifying subgroups of participants, and studies including families as units in interventions.

The experience of adolescents being mothers at a young age scoping review

Life changes that occur in adolescents who marry at a young age provide challenges for adolescents in living a new life. The period of marriage, pregnancy and childbirth experienced by adolescents at a young age becomes a new transition stage for them to take on a new role to become a mother. The aim of the scoping review is to review evidence related to adolescent experiences of motherhood at a young age. This scoping review used the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Identification of relevant studies used 4 databases. The results of this scoping review consisted of 15 selected articles. The results of the thematic analysis emerged 2 themes, which were the psychological state of adolescents to become mothers at a young age and the support needed by adolescents when they become mothers at a young age.

Forecasting the length-of-stay of pediatric patients in hospitals: a scoping review

BackgroundHealthcare management faces complex challenges in allocating hospital resources, and predicting patients’ length-of-stay (LOS) is critical in effectively managing those resources. This work aims to map approaches used to forecast the LOS of Pediatric Patients in Hospitals (LOS–P) and patients’ populations and environments used to develop the models.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) methodology, we performed a scoping review that identified 28 studies and analyzed them. The search was conducted on four databases (Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline). The identification of relevant studies was structured around three axes related to the research questions: (i) forecast models, (ii) hospital length-of-stay, and (iii) pediatric patients. Two authors carried out all stages to ensure the reliability of the review process. Articles that passed the initial screening had their data charted on a spreadsheet. Methods reported in the literature were classified according to the stage in which they are used in the modeling process: (i) pre-processing of data, (ii) variable selection, and (iii) cross-validation.ResultsForecasting models are most often applied to newborn patients and, consequently, in neonatal intensive care units. Regression analysis is the most widely used modeling approach; techniques associated with Machine Learning are still incipient and primarily used in emergency departments to model patients in specific situations.ConclusionsThe studies’ main benefits include informing family members about the patient’s expected discharge date and enabling hospital resources’ allocation and planning. Main research gaps are associated with the lack of generalization of forecasting models and limited reported applicability in hospital management. This study also provides a practical guide to LOS–P forecasting methods and a future research agenda.

Paediatric oral sensorimotor interventions for chewing dysfunction: A scoping review.

Chewing dysfunction can have adverse effects on growth, development and quality of life. There is a lack of evidence-based consensus guidelines for sensorimotor intervention. To address this, we need to understand the current state of the science in clinical sensorimotor interventions for paediatric chewing dysfunction and systematically plan a research agenda and priorities for the field. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the extent, range and nature of evidence for oral sensorimotor interventions for paediatric chewing dysfunction. This scoping review entailed five phases that included: identification of the research question; identification of relevant studies; study selection; data charting; and collation, summarization and report of the results. Treatment studies that were peer-reviewed and written in English were included. All studies involved a paediatric population and included an oral sensorimotor and/or chewing intervention. Information regarding study design, population, intervention, comparator, outcome measures and findings were extracted. Of the 21 studies included in this scoping review, 53% were specific to children with cerebral palsy. All interventions were multi-component in nature and the treatment studies included a range of study designs, but few were controlled trials with comparators. A wide variety of outcomes measures were used within and across studies to determine treatment effectiveness. The findings suggest that in a small number of studies, sensorimotor interventions provide preliminary evidence for effectiveness in specific populations. These and other treatment protocols must be trialled in additional clinical populations and settings to improve the evidence base for sensorimotor treatment of paediatric chewing dysfunction. This review also serves to help prioritize research agendas and further motivates the need for consensus-based clinical guidelines for paediatric chewing treatment. What is already known on the subject Paediatric feeding disorders are highly prevalent and children often have chewing dysfunction that results in significant negative consequences. We lack evidence-based sensorimotor treatment approaches for chewing dysfunction, which directly impacts the care clinicians can provide children. What this study adds to existing knowledge This scoping review is the first step in examining the literature to understand the current state of the science for oral sensorimotor interventions for paediatric chewing dysfunction. Few randomized controlled studies were identified and a majority included children with cerebral palsy. Most of the interventions were multi-component and included a variety of treatment approaches. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The results of this scoping review can be used as an initial reference for clinicians selecting treatment approaches for chewing dysfunction. It also serves to help prioritize research agendas and further motivates the need for consensus-based clinical guidelines for paediatric chewing treatment.

Relationship between obesity and musculoskeletal disorders: A scope review protocol

Obesity is considered a public health problem and the review of the scientific literature allows the observation of several changes in the musculoskeletal system associated with this disease. The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between these changes in obese children and adults. This article is a scope review protocol, a study methodology based on the structure described by Arksey and O'Malley. The study protocol followed the recommendations from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyzes extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklis. It will be conducted in five stages: a) elaboration of the research question; b) identification of relevant studies; c) selection of studies; d) data extraction; e) summary of the results. The study aims to correlate musculoskeletal disorders in obesity, in different stages of bone maturation, which are less studied, in order to provide scientific evidence to health care professionals involved in the multidisciplinary treatment of this chronic disease.