Identification Of New Types Research Articles

Timing and Modality of Hemorrhoidal Prolapse Impact on Patients' Quality of Life.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess whether the frequency and presentation modality of hemorrhoidal prolapse may have an impact on patients' quality of life, leading to a different categorization of patients. Methods: A consecutive series of patients affected by primary hemorrhoidal disease were administered specific questionnaires to assess the severity of symptoms and their quality of life. The frequency/modality of prolapse was also assessed, and the classification of the patients into five categories was hypothesized. The severity of disease was assessed using a validated patient-reported score, while the health-related quality of life was evaluated with the Short Health Scale for hemorrhoidal disease. Results: A total of 122 patients were enrolled. The evaluation of the prolapse modality led to the following classification: type I, 5 patients (4.1%); type II, 9 (7.4%), type IIIa, 48 (39.3%); type IIIb, 52 (42.6%); and type IV, 8 (6.6%). The mean total hemorrhoidal disease score was 9.8 ± 3.3, while the mean total Short Health Scale score was 18.6 ± 5.2. Both scores progressively increased in the five types of prolapse identified, thus showing a worsening of symptoms and quality of life related to the increase in the frequency and modality of prolapse. The assessment of the quality of life showed that all four domains of the Short Health Scale score and the total score were significantly worse in group IIIb compared to IIIa. Conclusions: The frequency and modality of hemorrhoidal prolapse has an impact on the quality of life and allows the identification of new types of patients.

Cross-Correlation and Fractal Analysis in the Images Diatoms Symmetry

Diatoms are one of the main species of interest due to their possible impact on the maintenance of ecosystems, as well as their photosynthetic capacity and biotechnological applications. Reliable, easy, rapid identification of diatoms remains a highly desirable goal to avoid the difficulty for experts in the visual analysis of frustules; a method commonly used to compare the distinctive traits of diatoms, such as ornaments and the marks from images taken by optical and electronic microscopy for identification. This study proposed three simple morphometric methods based on fractal dimension measurements in conjunction with 2D cross-correlation parameters to analyze diatom images. This novel approach demonstrates the differentiation feasibility between a wide variety of diatom species with heterogeneity in their structures and shapes, which could possibly expand the application of this preprocessing process for the identification of new types of images or other biological species.

ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ДОСЛЕДСТВЕННОЙ ПРОВЕРКИ ПО ДЕЛАМ О МОШЕННИЧЕСТВЕ: ТАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ И СПОСОБЫ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ

Technological progress, modernization of entrepreneurial activity, applying new ways of earning, business, the development of economic relations has led to increased interest of fraudsters. Traditional types of fraud, such as the promise of employment of the victim, did not assume such a geography of the crime and the circle of victims, as with modern types of fraud using information and communication technologies, the Internet, software, social messengers. This article discusses the procedural procedure for conducting pre-investigation checks on modern types of fraud, as well as the tactical features of its production. To solve the difficulties in the investigation of modern forms of fraud, such as masquerading as civil law torts, criteria for their delineation have been developed. It also provides a list of issues and circumstances to be established during the pre-investigation inspection, as well as the procedure for the seizure, inspection and registration of new types of evidence. Despite the computerization of all spheres of society, applying new types of fraud, the identification of new types of evidence and traces (electronic), the procedure for the seizure, inspection and registration of electronic evidence is not regulated procedurally (there is no concept of «electronic evidence»), as well as there is no unified approach to the production of certain investigative actions for detection and the withdrawal of such evidence. The article presents the opinions of scientists regarding the conceptual apparatus of «electronic evidence», as well as on the tactics of seizure, inspection and fixation of electronic evidence using modern technologies and software. In conclusion, proposals for amendments and additions to the criminal procedure legislation were put forward.

Histone post-translational modifications - cause and consequence of genome function.

Much has been learned since the early 1960s about histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and how they affect DNA-templated processes at the molecular level. This understanding has been bolstered in the past decade by the identification of new types of histone PTM, the advent of new genome-wide mapping approaches and methods to deposit or remove PTMs in a locally and temporally controlled manner. Now, with the availability of vast amounts of data across various biological systems, the functional role of PTMs in important processes (such as transcription, recombination, replication, DNA repair and the modulation of genomic architecture) is slowly emerging. This Review explores the contribution of histone PTMs to the regulation of genome function by discussing when these modifications play a causative (or instructive) role in DNA-templated processes and when they are deposited as a consequence of such processes, to reinforce and record the event. Important advances in the field showing that histone PTMs can exert both direct and indirect effects on genome function are also presented.

Current Trends on Hemopoietic Stem Cells.

Advances in single-cell technology and genetic mouse models have resulted in the identification of new types of hemopoietic stem cells (HSC), resulting in baffling observations, suggesting a reconsideration of the long-held notion that all hematopoietic cells in the adult are derived from HSCs. The existence of long-lived HSC-independent hematopoiesis has led to the conclusion that despite the single hierarchical differentiation route that generates functional blood types, other differentiation routes exist in-vivo. Heterogeneity in the HSC population and the evolving knowledge around HSC has translated to it's improved application as a therapeutic tool for various blood disorders. The reprogramming of non-hematopoietic somatic and mature blood cells to pluripotency with their subsequent differentiation into hematopoietic stem cells/progenitor cells and the introduction of new generation sequencing holds the potential for the resolution of ambiguities involved in HSC bone marrow transplantation. There is a change in the paradigm for HSC transplantation donor selection. Donor choice favors haploidentical HCT than cord blood. This review provides a general overview of the current events around hemopoietic stem cells, with emphasis on the rising trend of HSC transplantation, especially haploidentical stem cell transplantation.

The legal issues of the substantiation of new types of national
 security

The subject of the article is the typology of national security, and controversial issues of the
 selection.
 The purpose of the article is to identify causes of a large number of security’s forms both in
 theory and in practice, also to analyze acts in this sphere.
 The methodology of the article includes analysis, synthesis, formal-legal and comparativelegal methods.
 The main results of the research. The author focuses on the problem of types of national
 security. The author investigates the national security and methodological, theoretical and
 legal aspects of the classification of national security’s forms. The reason for the diversity
 of types of national security should also be recognized as the lack of a clear classification of
 them. Author investigates the mechanism for detaching forms of national security in acts
 of the Russian Federation in the field of security and suggests that new forms of nation
 security (moral security and culture security) should appear in base document of strategic
 planning of the national security. Moral security includes cultural, ideological, informational, psychological, scientific, educational, and religious security. Cultural security in its
 most general form is the stable existence of culture, the protection of this sphere from internal and external threats, for example, such as the emasculation of spiritual and moral
 values and globalization.
 Conclusions. The identification of new types of national security is an objective process due
 to the very versatility of such a phenomenon as national security. At the same time, it
 should be recognized that the sphere of spirit and morality in the context of spiritual security does not belong to the legal science, but rather to the field of philosophy and religion.
 In this regard, their inclusion, even as an adjective, in the text of the strategic planning document raises doubts, so the use of the phrase "moral security" in legal acts in the near future, in our opinion, can hardly be expected.

Screening and Identification of New Types of Exopolysaccharides-Producing Lactic Acid in the Inner Mongolia Dairy Products

Abstract Exopolysaccharides (EPS) is a type of polysaccharide produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that can be directly used in foods to make the products more excellent. Therefore, batch studies were performed to explore the effect of different LAB on the production of EPS and antioxidant activity. Five strains with high EPS yield and antioxidant activity were screened out from 66 strains isolated from Tibetan dairy products. The results show that EPS produntion of the five strains (B55, B62, B30, 7830 and K2) were 110.66, 145.48, 132.78, 122.11 and 111.72 mg·L−1, respectively, and they have a higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity (56.29, 66.43, 62.94, 68.71, 61.87%). Five LAB strains were identified and classified based on screening, purification and 16S rDNA sequences. Molecular characterization based on partial sequence 16S rDNA homology confirmed the initial identification as Lactobacillus fermentum (B55, B62), Lactobacillus plantarum (7830), Pediococcus acidilactici (B30) and Lactobacillus helveticus (K2).

Plant-Derived Products as Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents in Human Health Care.

A number of papers reporting antimicrobial properties of extracts, essential oils, resins and various classes of compounds isolated from higher plants have been published in recent years; however, a comprehensive analysis of plant-derived antimicrobial agents currently applied in practice for the improvement of human health is still lacking. This review summarizes data on clinical efficacy, antimicrobial effects and the chemistry of commercially available antibacterial and antifungal agents of plant origin currently used in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal, oral, respiratory, skin, and urinary infections. As a result of an analysis of the literature, more than 40 plant-derived over-the-counter pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, cosmetics, herbal medicines, and functional foods containing complex mixtures (e.g. Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil, and Pistacia lentiscus resin), pure compounds (e.g. benzoic acid, berberine, eucalyptol, salicylic acid and thymol) as well as their derivatives and complexes (e.g. bismuth subsalicylate and zinc pyrithione) have been identified. The effectiveness of many of these products is illustrated by results of clinical trials and supported by data on there in vitro antimicrobial activity. A broad spectrum of various commercial products currently available on the market and their welldocumented clinical efficacy suggests that plants are prospective sources for the identification of new types of antimicrobial agents in future. Innovative approaches and methodologies for effective proof-of-concept research and the development of new types of plant-derived products effective against recently emerging problems related to human microbial diseases (e.g. antimicrobial resistance) are also proposed in this review.

Isolation and identification of a variant subtype G 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and S gene sequence characteristic

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) which is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is an intestinal communicable disease. In recent years, though pigs have been immunized with the vaccines in pig farms, PED still broke out and caused severe economic losses to the swine industry in the northeast China. In this study, the sample was positive for PEDV variant strains via the nano-nest PCR. The strain was successfully isolated from positive samples and was serially passaged in Vero-E6 cells. In addition, the strain was identified via electron microscopy observation, indirect immunofluorescence assay and infection experiment in newborn piglets and named PEDV CH/JLDH/2016 strain (Accession No. MF346935). Phylogenetic analysis of the S gene showed that the CH/JLDH/2016 strain was clustered into G2b subgroup. Comparing with the CV777 vaccine strain, amino acid sequence analysis of CH/JLDH/2016 strain showed that 15 nucleotides were inserted and 9 were absent in S gene, whose amino acid sequence it educed insertions of 5 amino acids(58NQGX61 and 145N) and absences of 3 amino acids(164RD165 and 1204Y). Our strain, in the SS2 epitope have no amino acid, variant while in SS6 epitope, Y changed into S in 776th amino acid. The results indicated that PEDV G2b variant strains have been emerged in Jilin province. The identification of new types of PEDV variant strains would stimulate the development of effective vaccines for the prevention and control of PED. The novel vaccines that based on these newly identified PEDV variant strains may contribute to the control of PED outbreaks in China.

The ribosome: A hot spot for the identification of new types of protein methyltransferases

Cellular physiology depends on the alteration of protein structures by covalent modification reactions. Using a combination of bioinformatic, genetic, biochemical, and mass spectrometric approaches, it has been possible to probe ribosomal proteins from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for post-translationally methylated amino acid residues and for the enzymes that catalyze these modifications. These efforts have resulted in the identification and characterization of the first protein histidine methyltransferase, the first N-terminal protein methyltransferase, two unusual types of protein arginine methyltransferases, and a new type of cysteine methylation. Two of these enzymes may modify their substrates during ribosomal assembly because the final methylated histidine and arginine residues are buried deep within the ribosome with contacts only with RNA. Two of these modifications occur broadly in eukaryotes, including humans, whereas the others demonstrate a more limited phylogenetic range. Analysis of strains where the methyltransferase genes are deleted has given insight into the physiological roles of these modifications. These reactions described here add diversity to the modifications that generate the typical methylated lysine and arginine residues previously described in histones and other proteins.

Epidemiology and phylogeny of spike gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from Yunnan, China

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) causes acute enteric disease and yellowish watery diarrhea, making piglets fast dehydration to death. PED threatens pig industry and leads to substantial economic losses. After the first reports, PED in Yunnan province, China was again identified in 2013 during an epidemiological survey, with follow-up data showing an overall positive rate of 17.47% during 2013–2017, lower than that in other provinces in China. The complete S gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is 4149–4158 bp long. Phylogenetic analysis of S gene was performed using 9 new isolates from Yunnan province, China, together with 225 full-length S genes available in GenBank. The nine Yunnan isolates were clustered into classical G1b and pandemic G2a groups, indicating new variants have been emerging in Yunnan province. When taking the previously submitted 3 isolates from China into consideration, all the 12 isolates were clustered into 4 groups, i.e., G1a, G1b, G2a and G2b, suggesting that a highly diverse and complex clustering might result from co-infections in more than 13 provinces in China, as well in South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Thai and USA. Identification of new types of PEDV strains would stimulate the development of effective vaccines for the prevention and control of PED in a more precise manner.

Listeriosis. Modern perception of epidemiological threat

Abstract The presence of Listeria rods, especially Listeria monocytogenes, in the environment and food products, contributes each year to death of both humans and animals. The ability of bacteria to lead a saprophytic and parasitic existence as well as insensitivity to many physicochemical factors greatly facilitates the spread and guarantees access to a wide range of vulnerable organisms. Although the factors predisposing to infection result in a relatively low incidence of disease, infections are characterized by high mortality and often the need of hospitalization. The disease most often manifests itself in the form of bacteremia, meningitis and encephalitis as well as perinatal infections. The way Listeria spreads in the body contributes to the identification of new types of the disease. Recent studies on the acquisition of pathogenicity traits, dose and development of antibiotic resistance as well as numerous reports on incidence of these bacteria and the epidemics they caused, have led to more efficient monitoring of the pathogen . The qualification of the disease has also changed and, currently, listeriosis is considered a contemporary threat to life and health. 1. Introduction. 2. Genus Listeria. Characteristics and traits responsible for pathogenicity. 3. Listeriosis. Transmission pathways. 4. The beginning and course of the infection. 5. Clinical forms of listeriosis. 5.1. Bacteremia. 5.2. Central nervous system infections. 5.3. Perinatal infections. 5.4. Gastroenteritis. 5.5. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). 5.6. Endocarditis. 5.7. Inflammation and liver abscess. 5.8. Skin and eye infections. 5.9. Musculoskeletal infection. 6. Monitoring. 7. Normalization. 8. Summary

Death by heroin intoxication in a body pusher with an innovative packaging technique: case report and review of the literature

Death due to mechanical or chemical intoxication of heroin body packers, thanks to the continuous improvement in packaging techniques, are increasingly rare, and almost all the cases reported in the literature refer to drug swallowers. A case of fatal acute heroin intoxication in a body pusher with an unreported packaging technique is presented, and previous deaths due to heroin body packing are reviewed, taking into consideration imaging techniques performed, cause of death, toxicological analysis on biological and non-biological samples, as well as number, position and type of drug packages identified at the dissection of the body.The innovative packaging technique found in the present case, constituted by an external multilayer cellophane casing containing 16 smaller packages of hardened heroin powder, each one covered with cigarette paper and multiple layers of heat-sealed cellophane, was probably used to avoid both chemical complications of package rupture and to create a package with morphological and radiological features different from those reported by previous studies.Drug dealers, in fact, are continually looking for packaging methods that, besides being safer, minimize the risk of detection at the radiological examinations performed, thus increasing the number of false negative findings. The identification of new types of package is therefore important, in order to identify packages that do not have the typical radiological signs, both in order to protect the patient’s health and to avoid the non-recognition of a drug carrier.Despite the presence of multilayer composition of both the smaller and the bigger external coverage, these new types of package did not guarantee the greater safety of the drug dealer.

Periodic orbits in the Chermnykh problem

Periodic orbits in irregular gravitational fields are significant for an understanding of dynamical behaviors around asteroids as well as the engineering aspect for deep space explorations. The rotating mass dipole, referred to as the Chermnykh problem, is a good alternative model to study qualitative dynamical environments near elongated asteroids, like the asteroid 1620 Geographos, 216 Kleopatra, or 25143 Itokawa. In this paper a global searching method is adopted to search for periodic orbits around the dipole model based on the concept of Poincare section of surface. Representative families of periodic orbits are illustrated with respect to all three topological cases of the dipole model. Topological transitions of orbits during iso-energetic continuations are also presented as well as identification of new types of periodic orbits.

A Survey of Incentive Techniques for Mobile Crowd Sensing

Crowd sensing (CS) is an approach to collecting many samples of a phenomena of interest by distributing the sampling across a large number of individuals. While any one individual may not provide sufficient samples, aggregating samples across many individuals provides high-quality, high-coverage measurements of the phenomena. Thus, for participatory sensing to be successful, one must motivate a large number of individuals to participate. In this work, we review a variety of incentive mechanisms that motivate people to contribute to a CS effort. We then establish a set of design constraints or minimum requirements that any incentive mechanism for CS must have. These design constrains are then used as metrics to evaluate those approaches and determine their advantages and disadvantages. We also contribute a taxonomy of CS incentive mechanisms and show how current systems fit within this taxonomy. We conclude with the identification of new types of incentive mechanisms that require further investigation.

Neuromorphic log-domain silicon synapse circuits obey bernoulli dynamics: a unifying tutorial analysis.

The field of neuromorphic silicon synapse circuits is revisited and a parsimonious mathematical framework able to describe the dynamics of this class of log-domain circuits in the aggregate and in a systematic manner is proposed. Starting from the Bernoulli Cell Formalism (BCF), originally formulated for the modular synthesis and analysis of externally linear, time-invariant logarithmic filters, and by means of the identification of new types of Bernoulli Cell (BC) operators presented here, a generalized formalism (GBCF) is established. The expanded formalism covers two new possible and practical combinations of a MOS transistor (MOST) and a linear capacitor. The corresponding mathematical relations codifying each case are presented and discussed through the tutorial treatment of three well-known transistor-level examples of log-domain neuromorphic silicon synapses. The proposed mathematical tool unifies past analysis approaches of the same circuits under a common theoretical framework. The speed advantage of the proposed mathematical framework as an analysis tool is also demonstrated by a compelling comparative circuit analysis example of high order, where the GBCF and another well-known log-domain circuit analysis method are used for the determination of the input-output transfer function of the high (4th) order topology.

Preventive pathology revisited

A number of years ago, a paper in the journal Injury Pre-vention focused on the remarkable scope that forensicpathologists have of evaluating injuries in the morgue,clarifying dangerous circumstances and of formulatingproposals to prevent similar deaths in the community [1].The paper was entitled ‘Preventative Pathology’ and wasan attempt to dispel the time-honored perception ofpathologists that while they may know everything, they areinevitably too late. Given the 15 years that has passed sincethe publication of that paper, it is perhaps timely to re-evaluate the role of pathologists in injury prevention andcommunity safety and in the evolution of preventivepathology.There is no doubt that forensic pathologists have a keyposition in the examination of preventable deaths due totrauma [2], and the paper by Bamber et al. [3] in this issueof the journal exemplifies this. While the current author hassimilarly focused on aspects of childhood injury and death,the scope is however much wider and includes not onlyaccidents at any age but also suicides, homicides, andcertain heritable and non-heritable diseases. Examples ofsuccesses over the past decade include evaluation of infantand early childhood deaths in shared sleeping situationsand in dangerous cribs, with recent research supportingaccidental suffocation as a cause of some of these deaths,and the remarkable reduction in cases of sudden infantdeath syndrome; the latter based on information gained atdeath scene examination [4]. The rapid identification ofnew types of illicit drugs and methods of suicide in adultsare other examples [5, 6]. Identification of conditions witha genetic component may have great significance to indi-vidual and extended family members.A requirement for an effective preventive pathologyprogram to work is the ability to ensure that informationthat is obtained from the morgue is appropriately andeffectively disseminated to those in the community whocan most benefit from it. This may be relatively straight-forward if forensic pathologists have a functional rela-tionship with the local coroner, or if medical examiners’offices have associations with local hospitals, injury anddisease prevention organizations, police, or product safetygroups. However, sometimes alerting family members tothe potential for heritable disease is not straightforward, asautopsy reports may not go directly to the family ofdecedents in all jurisdictions [7].Unfortunately, many forensic pathologists are still notactive in injury and disease prevention programs. Whilethere has been a reasonable representation of pathologistson mortality review committees, this has often involvedcompiling lists of lethal episodes without taking the furtherstep of attempting to understand how to reduce theoccurrence of such fatalities. Given that many lethal acci-dents result in cases bypassing emergency rooms andhospitals, this may represent a lost opportunity for pre-vention. In the worst case scenario, bodies may be exam-ined, autopsied, and then buried, taking their potentiallyvaluable lessons with them to the grave.One of the ongoing themes at forensic meetings over theyears has been the failure to recruit young physicians into

Leishmaniasis: recombinant DNA vaccination and different approaches for vaccine development

Designing an ideal vaccine against leishmaniasis using a suitable candidate antigen and appropriate antigen delivery system to induce the accurate type of immune response is a process still under investigation. There are some different strategies applied for vaccination against leishmaniasis including conventional and modern (genetically-modified vaccines) approaches. The type of induced immune response for each vaccine depends on the type of vaccine and route of administration, the amount and nature of the antigen/s, as well as adjuvant (if used). Recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering has accelerated the identification of new types of prophylaxis approaches using crude lysates to single or multi-proteins, epitopes and DNA vaccines that are capable of creating less or more partial protection. At present, a few limited vaccine formulations are licensed in Brazil and Europe just for canines. Vaccine development for humans and even for canines is under serious study. In this review, we focus on c...

Functional Diversity of RNAi-Associated sRNAs in Fungi

Yeast and filamentous fungi have been essential model systems for unveiling the secrets of RNA interference (RNAi). Research on these organisms has contributed to identifying general mechanisms and conserved eukaryotic RNAi machinery that can be found from fungi to mammals. The development of deep sequencing technologies has brought on the last wave of studies on RNAi in fungi, which has been focused on the identification of new types of functional small RNAs (sRNAs). These studies have discovered an unexpected diversity of sRNA, biogenesis pathways and new functions that are the focus of this review.

Combinatorial Discovery of Fluorescent Pharmacophores by Multicomponent Reactions in Droplet Arrays

Fluorescence imaging in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research relies to a great extent on the use of small organic fluorescent probes. Because of the difficulty of combining fluorescent and molecular-recognition properties, the development of such probes has been severely restricted to a number of well-known fluorescent scaffolds. Here we demonstrate that autofluorescing druglike molecules are a valuable source of bioimaging probes. Combinatorial synthesis and screening of chemical libraries in droplet microarrays allowed the identification of new types of fluorophores. Their concise and clean assembly by a multicomponent reaction presents a unique potential for the one-step synthesis of thousands of structurally diverse fluorescent molecules. Because they are based upon a druglike scaffold, these fluorophores retain their molecular recognition potential and can be used to design specific imaging probes.