Identification Of Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Research Articles

Identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria from plant-based Thai fermented foods and genome analysis of Lactobacillus brevis GPB7-4

Identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria from plant-based Thai fermented foods and genome analysis of Lactobacillus brevis GPB7-4

Identification of gamma aminobutyric acid produced by Lactobacillus brevis PML1 by Thin layer chromatography method in culture medium containing monosodium glutamate (MSG)

Identification of gamma aminobutyric acid produced by Lactobacillus brevis PML1 by Thin layer chromatography method in culture medium containing monosodium glutamate (MSG)

Identification of Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid Isolates Lactic Acid Bacteria Results from The Isolation of Rusip

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid produced by glutamate decarboxylation by the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase and it is widely distributed in plants, animals and microorganisms. GABA-producing microorganisms including Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) which play a role in the fermentation process of food such as rusip. Rusip is a preserved food of marine fish made from raw anchovy of Bangka-Belitung. The purpose of this study was to obtain LAB isolates through the process of isolation from rusip and identify the presence of GABA. Isolation of LAB was carried out by the pour method on MRS agar and NA medium. The growing colonies were then characterized based on observations of colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase test, motility test, and fermentation type test. LAB isolates obtained were selected to obtain isolates which are capable to produce GABA using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. The results of isolation from rusip and inoculation on MRS agar medium obtained, three LAB isolates namely RSP-A1, RSP-A2, and RSP-A3. Their characteristics are Gram positive bacteria, negative catalase test, negative motility test, and belong to homofermentative and heterofermentative bacteria groups. They were also able to produce GABA. Research on GABA from isolates isolated from rusip is a new thing in the world of GABA research. This research provides information that is beneficial to produce GABA easily, cheaply, and efficiently.

Editorial: Biographical Memoirs, Volume 69

Editorial: Biographical Memoirs, Volume 69

David Roderick Curtis. 3 June 1927—11 December 2017

David Curtis was a pioneer in the identification of excitatory and inhibitory transmitters released at synapses in the central nervous system. He made major contributions to the identification of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and glycine as inhibitory transmitters released at inhibitory synapses. His work laid the foundation for the subsequent acceptance that l -glutamate was the major excitatory transmitter. David's scientific work led to him receiving many accolades and honours, including fellowships of the Australian Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society and a Companion of the Order of Australia. Note: This memoir was commissioned by the Historical Records of Australian Science and is published here with minor amendments. It was published in June 2020 and is available at https://doi.org/10.1071/HR19016 .

David Roderick Curtis 1927–2017

David Curtis was a pioneer in the identification of excitatory and inhibitory transmitters released at synapses in the central nervous system. He made major contributions to the identification of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and glycine as inhibitory transmitters released at inhibitory synapses. His work laid the foundation for the subsequent acceptance that L-glutamate was the major excitatory transmitter. David’s scientific work led to him receiving many accolades and honours, including Fellowships of the Australian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society and a Companion of the Order of Australia.

Isolation and identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria for using as starter cultures in Thai fermented sausage “Sai Krok Esan”

Isolation and identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria for using as starter cultures in Thai fermented sausage “Sai Krok Esan”

GABAergic analgesia: new insights from mutant mice and subtype-selective agonists

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain where it regulates many physiological functions including sleep, anxiety, reward and memory formation. GABAergic neurons and ionotropic GABA(A) receptors are also found in the spinal cord dorsal horn where they control the propagation of pain signals from the periphery to higher central nervous system areas. Recent evidence indicates that diminished inhibitory control at this site is a major factor in chronic pain syndromes. So far, this knowledge could not be translated into clinical pain therapy, probably because of the widespread actions of GABA in the central nervous system. The identification of GABA(A) receptor subtypes responsible for spinal antihyperalgesic effects has recently opened new avenues for the development of subtype-selective modulators of GABA(A) receptors. First results raise hopes that such compounds will be active against inflammatory and neuropathic pain but devoid of many of the side-effects of the established benzodiazepine-like drugs.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid up- and downregulates insulin secretion from beta cells in concert with changes in glucose concentration

The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and A-type GABA receptors (GABA(A)Rs) in modulating islet endocrine function has been actively investigated since the identification of GABA and GABA(A)Rs in the pancreatic islets. However, the reported effects of GABA(A)R activation on insulin secretion from islet beta cells have been controversial. This study examined the hypothesis that the effect of GABA on beta cell insulin secretion is dependent on glucose concentration. Perforated patch-clamp recordings in INS-1 cells demonstrated that GABA, at concentrations ranging from 1 to 1,000 micromol/l, induced a transmembrane current (I(GABA)) which was sensitive to the GABA(A)R antagonist bicuculline. The current-voltage relationship revealed that I(GABA) reversed at -42+/-2.2 mV, independently of glucose concentration. Nevertheless, the glucose concentration critically controlled the membrane potential (V (M)), i.e., at low glucose (0 or 2.8 mmol/l) the endogenous V (M) of INS-1 cells was below the I(GABA) reversal potential and at high glucose (16.7 or 28 mmol/l), the endogenous V (M) of INS-1 cells was above the I(GABA) reversal potential. Therefore, GABA dose-dependently induced membrane depolarisation at a low glucose concentration, but hyperpolarisation at a high glucose concentration. Consistent with electrophysiological findings, insulin secretion assays demonstrated that at 2.8 mmol/l glucose, GABA increased insulin secretion in a dose-dependent fashion (p<0.05, n=7). This enhancement was blocked by bicuculline (p<0.05, n=4). In contrast, in the presence of 28 mmol/l glucose, GABA suppressed the secretion of insulin (p<0.05, n=5). These findings indicate that activation of GABA(A)Rs in beta cells regulates insulin secretion in concert with changes in glucose levels.

GABA(C) receptors: a molecular view.

In the central nervous system inhibitory neurotransmission is primarily achieved through activation of receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Three types of GABA receptors have been identified on the basis of their pharmacological and electrophysiological properties. The predominant type, termed GABA(A), and a recently identified GABA(C) type, form ligand-gated chloride channels, whereas GABA(B) receptors activate separate cation channels via G proteins. Based on their homology to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, GABA(C) receptors are believed to be oligomeric protein complexes composed of five subunits in a pentameric arrangement. To date up to five different GABA(C) receptors subunits have been identified in various species. Recent studies have shed new light on the biological characteristics of GABA(C) receptors, including the chromosomal localization of its subunit genes and resulting links to deseases, the cloning of new splice variants, the identification of GABA(C) receptor-associated proteins, the identification of domains involved in subunit assembly, and finally structure/function studies examining functional consequences of introduced mutations. This review summarizes recent data in view of the molecular structure of GABA(C) receptors and presents new insights into the biological function of this protein in the retina.

Identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid and its binding sites in [formula omitted][formula omitted

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate decarboxylase and GABA-transaminase were identified in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . The concentration of GABA in C. elegans (0.14 μg/mg protein) is approximately 10-fold lower than the concentration of GABA in rat brain. Glutamate decarboxylase and GABA-transaminase, the GABA anabolic and catabolic enzymes, are also present in C. elegans . Crude membrane fractions were prepared from C. elegans and used to study specific [ 3H] GABA binding sites. GABA binds to C. elegans membranes with high affinity (37 nM) and low capacity (Bmax = 2.25 pmol/mg protein). Muscimol is a competitive inhibitor of specific GABA binding with a K I value of 120 nM. None of the other GABA agonists or antagonists inhibited greater than 40% of the specific GABA binding at concentrations up to 10 −4 M. Thirteen spider venoms were examined as possible GABA agonists or antagonists, the venom from Calilena agelenidae inhibits specific GABA binding with a K I value of 6 nl/ml. These results suggest that GABA has a physiological role as a neurotransmitter in C. elegans .

Identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid and its binding sites in the rat ovary

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), GABA synthesizing enzyme and GABA binding sites were measured in rat ovaries. The concentration of GABA in the ovary (0.56 μg/mg protein) was less than that in the brain (1.2–3.4 μg/mg protein), but was six-fold higher than any other non-neuronal tissue examined. Glutamate decarboxylase, the GABA synthesizing enzyme was also found in high concentrations in whole ovarian homogenate but not in enriched ovarian granulosa cells, testis, anterior pituitary or muscles. Furthermore, high affinity (Kd = 15–21 nM), specific GABA binding sites were identified in the ovaries by specific [ 3H]muscimol binding and the majority of GABA binding sites were associated with the granulosa cells. These data suggest a possible role of GABA in the regulation of ovarian functions.

Isolation and identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid in Streptomyces lincolnensis.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid was isolated from ruptured cells of Streptomyces lincolnensis. Its isolation and purification by preparative liquid-solid chromatography and subsequent identification by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy are reported.